ĨɁȻȿɄɂɋɌɈɇȺȽɊȺɊ  ɎȺɇɂɏȺȻȺɊɇɈɆȺɋɂʋ 3-4 (41-42) 2010 
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ɮɚɨɥɥɢɝɢɧɢɷɪɨɡɢɹɠɚɪɚɺɧɥɚɪɢɝɚɛɨԑɥɢԕԟɨɥɞɚʆɡɝɚɪɢɲԕɨɧɭɧɢɹɬɥɚɪɢɚɧɢԕɥɚɧɞɢԟɚɦɞɚɬɨԑɬɭɩɪɨԕɥɚɪɢɧɢ 
ɲɚɤɥɥɚɧɢɲɢɜɚɭɧɭɦɞɨɪɥɢɝɢɞɚɝɢɚԟɚɦɢɹɬɢɚɫɨɫɥɚɧɞɢ. 
  
L.A.GAFUROVA, D.A.KADIROVA 
ɋhange of diagnostic indicators of soil fertility under the impact of degradation processes in the 
conditions of arid mountain soil formation 
In this article results of researches on change of soil cover in mountain regions are given. As a result of 
researches the law of change of morphogenetic, agrochemical, agrophysical and biological prop erties of soils in 
the conditions of vertical zone value of researching territory dependending on erosion processes was established, 
their value in mountain soil formation and their fertility is grounded.  
 
_____________ 
 
 
ɍȾɄ: 502  
ȼɏɒȿɊɂɆȻȿɌɈȼ 
ɋɈȼɊȿɆȿɇɇɈȿɆȿɅɂɈɊȺɌɂȼɇɈȿ  
ɋɈɋɌɈəɇɂȿȽɂɉɋɈɇɈɋɇɕɏɉɈɑȼȾɀɂɁȺɄɋɄɈɃɋɌȿɉɂ   
 
ȼɞɚɧɧɨɣɫɬɚɬɶɟɫɞɟɥɚɧɚɧɚɥɢɡɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɢɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹɩɨɱɜɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɢɫɯɨɞɧɨ 
ɫɢɥɶɧɨɡɚɫɨɥɺɧɧɵɯɝɢɩɫɨɧɨɫɧɵɯɫɟɪɨɡɺɦɧɨɥɭɝɨɜɵɯɩɨɱɜ , ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɲɢɯɫɹɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɹɦ 
ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɞ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɜɨɡɞɟɥɵɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɢ 
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɯɩɨɱɜɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɦɟɥɢɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɢɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹɞɨɥɝɢɟɝɨɞɵɩɨɞɡɚɥɟɠɶɸ. 
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚ: ɨɩɭɫɬɵɧɢɜɚɧɢɟɡɟɦɟɥɶ, ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ   ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ,  ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɚɹ 
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ, ɫɢɥɶɧɨɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɢɩɫɨɧɨɫɧɵɟ ɩɨɱɜɵ, ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ, 
ɪɚɫɫɥɨɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨɥɭɝɢɞɪɨɦɨɪɮɧɵɟɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɟɫɨɥɢ  
 
ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ 
Ƚɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɨɜ  
ɨɩɭɫɬɵɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɈɈɇ ɩɨ 
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ( ɘɇȿɉ) ɜ 1977, 1984, 1991 ɝɝ., 
ɜɵɹɜɢɥɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ  
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɨɩɭɫɬɵɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ , ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ 
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ , ɚ ɬɨɱɧɟɟ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟɦ  
ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɨɱɜ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ 
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ . ɗɬɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ  
ɜɨɡɞɟɥɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɫ  
ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɹ , ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɨ  
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɯ  
ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɣ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ  – ɨɩɭɫɬɵɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ . 
ɒɢɪɨɤɨɟɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟɡɟɦɟɥɶɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, 
ɚ ɬɨɱɧɟɟ ɩɨɱɜ Ⱦɠɢɡɚɤɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɢ ɢɞɟɬ ɭɠɟ   
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɣ. ɇɚɱɚɥɨɫɶɨɧɨɜɫɟɦɢɞɟɫɹɬɵɟ 
ɝɨɞɵɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨɜɟɤɚɫɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹɡɟɦɟɥɶȾɠɢɡɚɤɫɤɨɝɨ 
ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɘɠɧɨ  – Ƚɨɥɨɞ-
ɧɨɫɬɟɩɫɤɨɝɨɤɚɧɚɥɚ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ  ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ  ɤɚɤ  
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ  ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ  ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɨ  ɜ  ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ  
ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɝɟɨɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨ -
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ  ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ. ȼ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɛɢɨɤɥɢ -
ɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɷɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɨ  
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸɜ  ɧɢɠɧɟɣɱɚɫɬɢɩɨɞɝɨɪɧɨɣɪɚɜɧɢɧɵ 
ɜ “ ɫɚɡɨɜɨɫɨɥɨɧɱɚɤɨɜɨɣ” ɡɨɧɟ ɫ ɛɥɢɡɤɨɪɚɫ -
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ  ɫɢɥɶɧɨɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɩɨɪ-
ɧɵɦɢ   ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɦɢ  ɜɨɞɚɦɢ  ɫɢɥɶɧɨɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɧɵɯ 
ɝɢɩɫɨɧɨɫɧɵɯɩɨɱɜ [5,9,12]. 
ɋ  ɭɱɺɬɨɦɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɩɟɪɟɞɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ 
ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ  ɞɥɹ  ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ  Ⱦɠɢɡɚɤɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɢ 
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ  ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ  ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ,  ɜ  
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ  ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɟɥɢɨ -
ɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ( ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ,  ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ 
ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɢ, ɜɨɡ-
ɞɟɥɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɫɜɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɢ ɬɞ. 
ɉɥɚɧɵ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɥɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɝɨ 
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɢɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɥɢɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɦɭɜɬɨ 
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ ɦɨɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɯɥɨɩɱɚɬɧɢɤɚ , 
ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ . 
Ɉɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɟɦɥɹɯ ɫ  
ɩɨɫɟɜɨɜ ɯɥɨɩɱɚɬɧɢɤɚ. ɉɨɡɠɟ, ɜɯɨɞɟ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ 
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ  
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɯ ɜ  
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ. ɇɨ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɨ ɫ  
ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɦɢ ɢɡɡɚ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ  
ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹɜɩɟɪɜɵɟɝɨɞɵ.