ĨɁȻȿɄɂɋɌɈɇȺȽɊȺɊ ɎȺɇɂɏȺȻȺɊɇɈɆȺɋɂʋ 3-4 (41-42) 2010 57 ɮɚɨɥɥɢɝɢɧɢɷɪɨɡɢɹɠɚɪɚɺɧɥɚɪɢɝɚɛɨԑɥɢԕԟɨɥɞɚʆɡɝɚɪɢɲԕɨɧɭɧɢɹɬɥɚɪɢɚɧɢԕɥɚɧɞɢԟɚɦɞɚɬɨԑɬɭɩɪɨԕɥɚɪɢɧɢ ɲɚɤɥɥɚɧɢɲɢɜɚɭɧɭɦɞɨɪɥɢɝɢɞɚɝɢɚԟɚɦɢɹɬɢɚɫɨɫɥɚɧɞɢ. L.A.GAFUROVA, D.A.KADIROVA ɋhange of diagnostic indicators of soil fertility under the impact of degradation processes in the conditions of arid mountain soil formation In this article results of researches on change of soil cover in mountain regions are given. As a result of researches the law of change of morphogenetic, agrochemical, agrophysical and biological prop erties of soils in the conditions of vertical zone value of researching territory dependending on erosion processes was established, their value in mountain soil formation and their fertility is grounded. _____________ ɍȾɄ: 502 ȼɏɒȿɊɂɆȻȿɌɈȼ ɋɈȼɊȿɆȿɇɇɈȿɆȿɅɂɈɊȺɌɂȼɇɈȿ ɋɈɋɌɈəɇɂȿȽɂɉɋɈɇɈɋɇɕɏɉɈɑȼȾɀɂɁȺɄɋɄɈɃɋɌȿɉɂ ȼɞɚɧɧɨɣɫɬɚɬɶɟɫɞɟɥɚɧɚɧɚɥɢɡɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɢɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹɩɨɱɜɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɢɫɯɨɞɧɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɡɚɫɨɥɺɧɧɵɯɝɢɩɫɨɧɨɫɧɵɯɫɟɪɨɡɺɦɧɨɥɭɝɨɜɵɯɩɨɱɜ , ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɲɢɯɫɹɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɹɦ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɞ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɜɨɡɞɟɥɵɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɯɩɨɱɜɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɦɟɥɢɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɢɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹɞɨɥɝɢɟɝɨɞɵɩɨɞɡɚɥɟɠɶɸ. Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚ: ɨɩɭɫɬɵɧɢɜɚɧɢɟɡɟɦɟɥɶ, ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ, ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ, ɫɢɥɶɧɨɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɢɩɫɨɧɨɫɧɵɟ ɩɨɱɜɵ, ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɪɚɫɫɥɨɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨɥɭɝɢɞɪɨɦɨɪɮɧɵɟɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɟɫɨɥɢ ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ Ƚɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɨɜ ɨɩɭɫɬɵɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɈɈɇ ɩɨ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ( ɘɇȿɉ) ɜ 1977, 1984, 1991 ɝɝ., ɜɵɹɜɢɥɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɨɩɭɫɬɵɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ , ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ , ɚ ɬɨɱɧɟɟ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɨɱɜ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ . ɗɬɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɟɥɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɹ , ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɣ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ – ɨɩɭɫɬɵɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ . ɒɢɪɨɤɨɟɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟɡɟɦɟɥɶɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɨɱɧɟɟ ɩɨɱɜ Ⱦɠɢɡɚɤɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɢ ɢɞɟɬ ɭɠɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɣ. ɇɚɱɚɥɨɫɶɨɧɨɜɫɟɦɢɞɟɫɹɬɵɟ ɝɨɞɵɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨɜɟɤɚɫɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹɡɟɦɟɥɶȾɠɢɡɚɤɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɘɠɧɨ – Ƚɨɥɨɞ- ɧɨɫɬɟɩɫɤɨɝɨɤɚɧɚɥɚ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɨ ɜ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɝɟɨɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨ - ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ. ȼ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɛɢɨɤɥɢ - ɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɷɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣɱɚɫɬɢɩɨɞɝɨɪɧɨɣɪɚɜɧɢɧɵ ɜ “ ɫɚɡɨɜɨɫɨɥɨɧɱɚɤɨɜɨɣ” ɡɨɧɟ ɫ ɛɥɢɡɤɨɪɚɫ - ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɩɨɪ- ɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɜɨɞɚɦɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɢɩɫɨɧɨɫɧɵɯɩɨɱɜ [5,9,12]. ɋ ɭɱɺɬɨɦɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɩɟɪɟɞɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ⱦɠɢɡɚɤɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɟɥɢɨ - ɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ( ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɢ, ɜɨɡ- ɞɟɥɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɫɜɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɢ ɬɞ. ɉɥɚɧɵ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɥɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɢɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɥɢɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɦɭɜɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ ɦɨɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɯɥɨɩɱɚɬɧɢɤɚ , ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ . Ɉɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɟɦɥɹɯ ɫ ɩɨɫɟɜɨɜ ɯɥɨɩɱɚɬɧɢɤɚ. ɉɨɡɠɟ, ɜɯɨɞɟ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ. ɇɨ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɨ ɫ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɦɢ ɢɡɡɚ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹɜɩɟɪɜɵɟɝɨɞɵ. --- PAGE BREAK --- ĨɁȻȿɄɂɋɌɈɇȺȽɊȺɊ ɎȺɇɂɏȺȻȺɊɇɈɆȺɋɂʋ 3-4 (41-42) 2010 58 ɋɈȼɊȿɆȿɇɇɈȿ ɋɈɋɌɈəɇɂȿɂɁɍɑȿɇɂəȼɈɉɊɈɋȺ ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨ- ɜɢɣɢɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɩɨɱɜȾɠɢɡɚɤɫɤɨɣɫɬɟɩɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ , ɡɞɟɫɶ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɫɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ ɬɪɭɞɵ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɤɨɜ – ɩɨɱɜɨɜɟɞɨɜɢɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɵɟɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟɦɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹɧɚɭɱɧɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ , ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟɭɱɟɧɵɟ. ɇɇȾɢɦɨ [3,4] ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɥ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɦ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɚɪɬɵ, ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɨɬɱɺɬɵ, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɛɵɥɚ ɞɚɧɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɨɱɜ ɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ , ɢɯ ɝɟɧɟɡɢɫɚ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɹ , ɝɥɭɛɢɧ ɡɚɥɟɝɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɢɧɟ - ɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯɜɨɞ. ȼ 1935 ɝ. ɩɨɞ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɆȺ. ɉɚɧɤɨɜɚ [11] ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨ - ɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹɢɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢɩɨɱɜ. ȼ 1955 -1957 ɝɝ. ɛɵɥɢɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ « ɋɪɟɞɚɡɝɢɩɪɨɜɨɞɯɥɨɩɨɤ» ɩɨɞ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɒɪɟɞɟɪɚ ȼɊ . ɇɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɧɨɜɨɨɫɜɚɢ - ɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ Ƚɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɢ ɜɟɞɭɬɫɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣɫɧɚɱɚɥɚɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ [2]. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɧɚɱɚɜɲɢɦɫɹ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ Ƚɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɢ ɜ 1957-1961 ɝɝ., ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜ 1971 – 1974 ɝɝ. ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɦɉɨɱɜɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɢȺɝɪɨɯɢɦɢɢȺɇ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ. ɂɡɭɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɱɜɨɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ, ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ [6,7,8]. ɇɭɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ , ɱɬɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦɢɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚɉɨɱɜɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɢɚɝɪɨɯɢɦɢɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɜɨ - ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ, ɧɚɱɚɬɵɟ ɟɳɟ ɞɨ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɞɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɩɨɫɬɜɨɪɭ, ɩɟɪɟɫɟɤɚɸɳɟɦɭɜɫɸɡɨɧɭɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹȽɨɥɨɞɧɨɣɫɬɟɩɢɫɸɝɚɧɚɫɟɜɟɪ, ɨɬɘȽɄɞɨ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ. ɈȻɔȿɄɌɂɆȿɌɈȾɂɄȺɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂɃ ɇɚɲɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɫɟɪɨɡɺɦɧɨɥɭɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɱɜ, ɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɪɹɞɚ ɥɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɨɦ ɩɨɥɟ Ⱦɠɢɡɚɤɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɢ . ɍɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɞɪɟɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ( ɱɟɪɟɡ 120 – 130 ɦ) ɫ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ 3 – 3,5 ɦɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɪɟɧɨɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɧɢɠɧɟɣɱɚɫɬɢ. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɩɨɞɝɨɪɧɨɣ Ƚɨɥɨɞɧɨɫɬɟɩɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɵ ɜ Ⱦɠɢɡɚɤɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɢ ɫɟɪɨɡɟɦɧɨɥɭɝɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɰɟɥɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ , ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɵɲɟ ɘȽɄ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɛɵɜɲɟɝɨ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɩɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ ( Ɉɉ Ⱦɨɤɭɱɚɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɉɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ). ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɱɜ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɜ 1987 ɝɨɞɭ. ɉɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɦ ɢɦ. Ⱦɨɤɭɱɚɟɜɚ ɢ ɫɩɭɫɬɹ 20 ɥɟɬ, ɜ 2008 ɝ. Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬɫɤɢɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɵɦ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɨɦ . ɉɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜ , ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢ ɝɢɩɫɨɧɨɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ « Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɭɱɟɬɭ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɱɜ», ɱ. II ɉɚɧɤɨɜɚȿ. ɂ., Ɇ., 1970, ɢɡɞɜɨ «Ʉɨɥɨɫ». ɊȿɁɍɅɖɌȺɌɕɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂɃɂɂɏ ɈȻɋɍɀȾȿɇɂȿ Ⱦɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ , ɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ , ɩɨɱɜɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɦɟɬɪɨɜɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ (1,5 – 2,07% ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ, 10,5 – 24,8 ɦɝ- ɷɤɜ Na), (ɬɚɛɥ. 1). Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1 ɗɬɚɩɵɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹɢɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɫɟɪɨɡɺɦɧɨ – ɥɭɝɨɜɵɯɩɨɱɜ (ɜɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɹ) 1961 ɝ. ɉɨɫɟɜɵɨɜɨɳɟ – ɛɚɯɱɟɜɵɯɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢɤɭɤɭɪɭɡɵ. ɍɪɨɠɚɣɧɢɡɤɢɣ. 1962 ɝ. ɉɨɫɟɜɵɯɥɨɩɱɚɬɧɢɤɚ. ɋɩɢɫɚɧɵɢɡɡɚɧɟɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ. 1963 – 1964 ɝɝ. ɉɪɨɦɵɜɤɚɩɨɞɪɢɫɨɦ. 1965 ɝ. ɉɨɫɟɜɵɯɥɨɩɱɚɬɧɢɤɚ. Ɇɧɨɝɨɜɵɩɚɞɨɜ. 1966 – 1967 ɝɝ. ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɤɚɩɨɥɹ, ɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɚ, ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɚɞɪɟɧɚɠɚ. 1968 – 1969 ɝɝ. ɉɨɫɟɜɵɥɸɰɟɪɧɵ. ɍɪɨɠɚɣɯɨɪɨɲɢɣ (20 ɰɝɚ). 1970 – 1971 ɝɝ. ɉɨɫɟɜɵɯɥɨɩɱɚɬɧɢɤɚ. ɍɪɨɠɚɣɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ (16 – 18 ɰɝɚ). 1980 ɝ. ɉɪɨɦɵɜɤɚɧɟɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶɢɩɨɥɢɜɵɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶɧɚɨɞɢɧɦɟɧɶɲɟ. 1980 – 2008 ɝ. ɇɚ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɹ – ɯɥɨɩɱɚɬɧɢɤ, ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ – ɡɟɪɧɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɨɜɨɳɧɵɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ . ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɢɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ – ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɨɣɫɟɬɢ. 2009 ɝ. ɑɚɫɬɶɩɨɥɹɡɚɧɹɬɚɩɨɞɯɥɨɩɱɚɬɧɢɤ. ɍɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɶɯɥɨɩɱɚɬɧɢɤɚ (23 ɰɝɚ). ɉɨ ɯɢɦɢɡɦɭ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɟ ɢ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɧɨ – ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨ – ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɨɟ. Ƚɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɡɚɥɟɝɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ 250 ɫɦ ɢ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ 18,1 ɝɥ ɩɪɢ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɧɨɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨ- ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɨɦɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɝɢɩɫɚɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ (11- 17%), ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɯ . ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ( ɞɨ 30%). Ɏɨɪɦɵ ɝɢɩɫɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟ - ɢ --- PAGE BREAK --- ĨɁȻȿɄɂɋɌɈɇȺȽɊȺɊ ɎȺɇɂɏȺȻȺɊɇɈɆȺɋɂʋ 3-4 (41-42) 2010 59 ɦɟɥɤɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ. Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɢɩɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ, ɛɨɥɟɟ 1 ɦ. Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2 ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɹɩɨɱɜɢɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯɜɨɞɩɪɢɪɚɡɧɵɯɦɟɬɨɞɚɯɢɞɚɜɧɨɫɬɢɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɦɝɷɤɜ/100ɝɩɨɱɜɵ Ɋɚɡɪɟɡ Ƚɥɭɛɢɧɵ, ɜ ɫɦ. ɋɭɦɦɚ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ, ɜ % Ƚɪɭɧɬɨɜɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ, ɝ/ɥ. ɒɟɥɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɜ HCO3 - Cl- SO4 -- Ca++ Mg++ Na+ Ƚɢɩɫ CaSO4x2H2O ɋɟɪɨɡɺɦɧɨɥɭɝɨɜɚɹɩɨɱɜɚ, ɰɟɥɢɧɧɵɣɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɢɦȼȼ. Ⱦɨɤɭɱɚɟɜɚ,1960ɝ.) 0-7 0,31 1,40 0,30 10,40 7,00 2,70 1,90 ɧɟɬ 7-20 1,14 0,40 11,00 20,00 14,00 3,70 13,40 11 20-34 1,54 0,30 5,80 27,20 11,20 5,00 18,10 17 34-60 1,77 0,30 8,80 29,60 11,70 6,00 20,50 29,6 60-90 2,07 0,30 10,20 32,00 11,20 6,20 24,80 14,8 90-150 0,93 0,30 4,80 21,60 12,50 3,50 10,50 16,8 150-200 0,97 0,30 5,60 17,20 8,20 4,00 10,50 ɧɟ ɨɩɪ. 148 200-250 0,93 0,40 4,60 19,20 10,70 4,20 9,80 ɧɟ ɨɩɪ. Ƚɪɭɧɬɨɜɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ 250 18,10 3,30 122,00 146,00 20,00 67,50 185,00 ɧɟ ɨɩɪ. ɋɟɪɨɡɺɦɧɨɥɭɝɨɜɚɹɩɨɱɜɚ, ɰɟɥɢɧɧɵɣɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚɢɦȼȼ. Ⱦɨɤɭɱɚɟɜɚ,1960ɝ.) 0-5 0,42 0,30 1,18 17,85 12,97 3,29 3,07 9,60 5-42 0,48 0,30 0,99 19,11 13,22 3,29 3,89 10,4 0 42-67 0,38 0,25 0,59 17,62 12,72 4,27 1,47 11,0 0 67-90 0,35 0,25 0,39 18,14 13,47 2,71 2,60 8,50 1 90-120 0,37 0,25 0,39 18,14 13,22 2,53 2,03 8,50 Ƚɪɭɧɬɨɜɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ 150 5,53 0,27 0,19 3,00 0,55 0,36 15,07 ɧɟ ɨɩɪ. ɋɟɪɨɡɟɦɧɨɥɭɝɨɜɚɹɩɨɱɜɚ Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟȼɏɒɟɪɢɦɛɟɬɨɜɚ (ɌɚɲȽȺɍ,2008ɝ.) 0-30 0,22 0,3 0,39 16,39 13,72 2,71 0,65 10,8 0 30-45 0,34 0,25 0,48 18,39 13,97 2,71 2,44 14,2 0 45-75 0,28 0,25 0,39 17,58 13,97 3,04 1,21 13,9 0 75-100 0,33 0,25 0,59 18,57 14,47 3,29 1,65 12,2 0 100-150 0,33 0,25 0,79 18,86 14,97 3,53 1,4 13,5 0 8 150-200 0,31 0,25 0,39 18,43 14,47 3,04 1,57 18,9 0 Ƚɪɭɧɬɨɜɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ 325 5,52 0,26 0,34 2,81 0,60 0,28 21,05 ɧɟ ɨɩɪ. --- PAGE BREAK --- ĨɁȻȿɄɂɋɌɈɇȺȽɊȺɊ ɎȺɇɂɏȺȻȺɊɇɈɆȺɋɂʋ 3-4 (41-42) 2010 60 ɋɟɪɨɡɟɦɧɨɥɭɝɨɜɚɹɩɨɱɜɚ Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟȼɏɒɟɪɢɦɛɟɬɨɜɚ, (ɌɚɲȽȺɍ,2008ɝ.) 0-3 0,91 1,25 0,09 0,38 0,37 0,12 1,25 0,09 3-22 0,60 0,95 0,09 0,78 0,75 0,12 0,83 0,15 22-46 0,88 0,25 7,22 25,60 14,12 6,50 6,79 17,5 2 46-75 1,94 0,25 9,10 29,60 4,50 9,38 18,84 21,0 0 75-105 1,68 0,20 8,00 27,00 14,25 7,62 17,22 23,2 2 5 105-130 1,34 0,25 6,60 24,60 14,25 6,00 14,14 ɧɟ ɨɩɪ. Ƚɪɭɧɬɨɜɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ 105 17,13 8,10 76,60 97,92 23,50 97,00 135,65 ɧɟ ɨɩɪ. ɋɟɪɨɡɟɦɧɨɥɭɝɨɜɚɹɩɨɱɜɚ, ɰɟɥɢɧɧɵɣɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟȼɏɒɟɪɢɦɛɟɬɨɜɚ, (ɌɚɲȽȺɍ,2008ɝ.) 0-5 0,03 0,03 0,02 0,48 0,18 0,02 0,47 1,13 5-27 0,22 0,02 0,10 0,97 0,29 0,05 3,27 41,3 2 27-51 1,22 0,02 0,26 14,71 0,26 0,18 17,06 35,3 7 51-89 0,79 0,02 0,20 1,28 0,29 0,08 11,78 23,2 7 89-133 0,51 0,02 0,11 1,14 0,28 0,06 7,59 33,5 7 29-Ⱥ 133-180 0,27 0,02 0,07 1,02 0,28 0,07 4,00 10,6 6 Ƚɪɭɧɬɨɜɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ 200 16,42 7,20 44,41 160,45 26,95 87,21 97,9 ɧɟ ɨɩɪ. ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 2 ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɺɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ . ɋɭɞɹɩɨɞɚɧɧɵɦɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ, ɩɨɫɥɟɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɦɟɪ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɜ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ, ɫɱɢɬɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢɢɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɥɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɯɥɨɩɱɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨ - ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɫɟɪɨɡɟɦɧɨ – ɥɭɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɱɜ ɨɫɟɧɶɸ 2009 ɝɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɢɯ ɪɟ - ɤɨɝɧɨɫɰɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɨɦ ɠɟ ɩɨɥɟ ɩɨɞ ɯɥɨɩɱɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɫ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɨɜ ɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɞɥɹɜɡɹɬɢɹɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜɩɨɱɜ, ɩɪɨɛɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢ ɨɫɦɨɬɪɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ – ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɨɣɫɟɬɢ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ( ɪ-1, ɜɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɱɚɫɬɶɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ), ɱɬɨɩɨɫɭɦɦɟɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɯɫɨɥɟɣ (0,35 – 0,48%), ɢ Na (2 – 3,9 ɦɝɷɤɜ.) ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɟɧɚɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ. ɇɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɢɠɟ ɨɧɨ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ (ɪ-8, 0,22 – 0,34% ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɯɫɨɥɟɣɢ 0,6 – 2,4 ɦɝɷɤɜ. Na) ɬɟ. ɫɥɚɛɨɟɢɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ, ɜɨɩɪɟɤɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɭ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ , ɱɬɨ ɪɚɫɫɨɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɢɞɬɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ. ȼ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɫɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɱɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɫɵɝɪɚɥɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɚ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɚ , ɩɨɫɬɪɨ- ɟɧɧɚɹɜɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɣɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɝɢɩɫɚɜɰɟɥɨɦɩɨɩɪɨɮɢɥɸɩɨɱɜɵ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ , ɜ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɧɢɡɢɥɨɫɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜɞɜɨɟ ( ɫ 29,6 ɞɨ 11% ɨɬ ɜɟɫɚ ) ɫ ɩɪɢɭɪɨɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜ ɟɝɨ ɤ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ . ɑɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦ ɝɢɩɫɚ, ɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɥɢ ɨɤɪɭɝɥɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ , ɱɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɢ . Ɋɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɨ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɯ. Ƚɢɩɫ ɜɵɧɨɫɢɥɫɹ ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɟ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɵ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɹɫɶɢɭɩɥɨɬɧɹɹɢɯ , ɱɬɨɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɢ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ. Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɝɢɩɫɚ ɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɨɫɜɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɪɵɯɥɟɧɢɟ, ɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɢ, ɩɨɥɢɜɵ ɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɥɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ). Ɇɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɫɧɢɡɢɥɚɫɶ ɞɨ 5,5 ɝɥ , ɬɟ. ɱɭɬɶ ɜɵɲɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɪɢ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ 150 ɫ ɦ, ɚ ɜ ɧ ɢ ɠ ɧ ɟ ɣ - 3 2 5 ɫ ɦ ɬ. ɟ. ɩ ɨ ɱ ɬ ɢ ɧ ɚ ɭ ɪ ɨ ɜ ɧ ɟ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɚ . ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ . ȼ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨɞ - --- PAGE BREAK --- ĨɁȻȿɄɂɋɌɈɇȺȽɊȺɊ ɎȺɇɂɏȺȻȺɊɇɈɆȺɋɂʋ 3-4 (41-42) 2010 61 ɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ 1-1,2 ɦ ɜɵɲɟ . ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɢɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɚɥɟɝɚɧɢɹɧɟɥɶɡɹɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɧɵɦɢɩɨɜɫɟɦɭ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɭ. ȼ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɡɚ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɱɜɚɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɧɨɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ , ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ . ɑɚɫɬɶ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ Na ɡɚ ɝɨɞɵ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɧɟɫɟɧɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɞɚɦɢ, ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɦɢɝɪɢɪɭɟɬɩɨɩɪɨɮɢɥɸɩɨɱɜɵ , ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɹɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɫɬɚɜɪɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɜ . ɗɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɱɜ, ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɜ ³ɫɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ” ɫ ɧɚɩɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɜɨɞɚɦɢ. ɋɸɞɚ ɢɞɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɬɨɤ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɫ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ . ɋɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɚ ɨɫɥɚɛɢɥɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɞɩɢɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɱɜ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɞɚɦɢ ɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɥɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɢɯ ɪɚɫɫɨɥɟɧɢɹ , ɧɨ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɞɩɢɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ. ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɚ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɷɬɭ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ – ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ, ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɩɨɥɢɜɨɜ, ɩɪɨɦɵɜɨɤɢɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɚɝɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɨ ɰɟɥɢɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɪɨɡɟɦɧɨ – ɥɭɝɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɟ, ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨ- ɜɚɧɧɨɣɜɩɨɥɭɝɢɞɪɨɦɨɪɮɧɵɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɧɚɫɤɥɨɧɚɯɤ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɹɦ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɵɯ ɫɨɥɨɧɱɚɤɚɦɢ . Ɂɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɱɜ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɸ ( ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1, ɪ-5). Ɍ ɨ ɤ ɫ ɢ ɱ ɧ ɵ ɯ ɫ ɨ ɥ ɟ ɣ 0 , 6 – 1 , 9 % . ɉ ɨ N a ɫ ɥ ɚ ɛ ɵ ɦ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, ɝɥɭɛɠɟ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭɩɪɨɮɢɥɸɩɨɱɜɚɛɵɥɚɫɢɥɶɧɨɢɨɱɟɧɶɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɚ (6,8 – 18,8 ɦɝɷɤɜ). ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨ – ɯɥɨɪɢɞɧɨ – ɦɚɝɧɢɟɜɨ – ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɵɣ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɝɢɩɫɚ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ (17,5 – 23,2 %) ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɸ ɫ ɩɪɢɭɪɨɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚ ɦɚɤ - ɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ . ɉɨɱɜɚ ɹɜɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɫɪɟɞɧɟ- ɢ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨ – ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɨ – ɝɢɩ- ɫɨɧɨɫɧɨɣ. ɉɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɝɢɩɫɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɱɚɳɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ , ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɠɢɥɤɢ . ɋ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɤ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɵ ɭɤɪɭɩɧɹɥɢɫɶ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɹɩɪɨɠɢɥɤɢɢɥɢɞɪɭɡɵ. Ɋɟɥɶɟɮ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɧɵɣ . Ƚɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ (17,1 ɝɥ) ɯɥɨɪɢɞɧɨ – ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɡɚɥɟɝɚɥɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɛɥɢɡɤɨɤɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɱɜɵ (105 ɫɦ). ȼɨɬɥɢɱɢɢɨɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɟɪɨɡɺɦɧɨ – ɥɭɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɱɜ , ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɲɢɯɫɹ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɹɦ, ɩɨɱɜɵ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɛɟɡɭɫɩɟɲɧɵɯ ɫɬɢɯɢɣɧɵɯ ɩɨɩɵɬɨɤ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɡɚɛɪɨɲɟɧɵ ɜ ɡɚɥɟɠɶ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶɞɥɹɜɵɩɚɫɚɫɤɨɬɚ. Ɂɚ ɝɨɞɵ ɩɨɫɥɟ 1987 ɝ. ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɥɢɲɶ ɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɩɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɱɚɫɬɹɦ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ, ɩɟɪɟɫɟɤɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɢ ɰɟɥɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ 20 ɥɟɬ, ɜ 2008 - 2009 ɝ. ( ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1, ɪ-29) ɩ ɨ ɱ ɜ ɵ ɛ ɵ ɥ ɢ ɩ ɨ ɬ ɨ ɤ ɫ ɢ ɱ ɧ ɵ ɦ ɫ ɨ ɥ ɹ ɦ ɢ ɩ ɨ N a ɧɟɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɧɵɦɢɬɨɥɶɤɨɫɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɢɞɢɦɨɢɡɡɚ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɨɫɟɧɧɟ - ɡɢɦɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ 200 – 250 ɦɦ. Ƚɥɭɛɠɟ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɸ ɢ ɩɨ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɦ ɫɨɥɹɦ ɢ ɩɨ Na ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ , ɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ ɦɟɧɹɥɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɨɪɮɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ. Ɇɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɯ ɧɚɞ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɜɨɞɚɦɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɪɠɚɜɵɯ ɢ ɨɯɪɢɫɬɵɯ ɩɹɬɟɧ. ɉɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɝɢɩɫɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɢɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɱɜɚɯ ɜ 2009ɝ. ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ (ɨɬ 73 ɞɨ 128 ɫɦ) ɝɢɩɫɨɧɨɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɝɢɩɫɚ ɞɨ 23,3 – 41,3 % ɨɬ ɜɟɫɚ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɨ ɝɢɩɫɭ ɧɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɢ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɝɢɩɫɚ ɫ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ. ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫɧɢɡɢɥɫɹ ɫ 105 ɞɨ 200 ɫɦ, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɩɪɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɭ, ɧɨ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɚɫɶ ɧɟ ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ (16,4 ɝɥ) ɩɪɢɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨ – ɯɥɨɪɢɞɧɨɦɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ. ɂɫɩɚɪɹɹɫɶ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɬ ɡɚɫɨɥɹɬɶ ɩɨɱɜɵ . ɉɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɧɟɨɫɜɨɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɱɜ ɩɨɞ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɟ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɟ ɹɜɢɥɚɫɶ ɫɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɝɢɩɫɨɧɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ , ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ ( ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ, ɩɨɞɚɱɚ ɜɨɞɵ, ɪɚɫɫɨɥɟɧɢɟ), ɱɬɨ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ ɧɟ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ . ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɪɦɨɜ, ɧɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɨɤ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɥɤɨɝɨ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɚ [11]. ȼɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɫɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɱɜɚɦɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɩɨɞɩɚɫɬɛɢɳɚ. ȼɕȼɈȾɕ ɇɚ ɫɟɪɨɡɺɦɧɨ – ɥɭɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɱɜɚɯ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɢɩɫɨɧɨɫɧɵɯ ɫ ɧɚɩɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɜɨɞɚɦɢ , --- PAGE BREAK --- ĨɁȻȿɄɂɋɌɈɇȺȽɊȺɊ ɎȺɇɂɏȺȻȺɊɇɈɆȺɋɂʋ 3-4 (41-42) 2010 62 ɪɚɫɫɨɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɣ, ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɫɬɚɜɪɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɜ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ . ɉɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɥɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɫ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɨɛ- ɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ , ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɤɨɣ . ȼ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɟɪɨɡɟɦɧɨ – ɥɭɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɱɜɚɯ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɢɩɫɨɧɨɫɧɵɯ ɫ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɜɨɞɚɦɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ , ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɢ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɨɞ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ, ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɸ. Ɉɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɱɜ ɩɨɞ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɧɟɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ. ɌɚɲȽȺɍ ɉɨɫɬɭɩɢɥɚ 12 ɨɤɬɹɛɪɹ 2010 ɝɨɥɞɚ Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ 1. Ƚɚɮɭɪɨɜɚ ɅȺ ., əɦɧɨɜɚ ɂȺ . ɢ ɞɪ . ɉɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɝɢɩɫɨɧɨɫɧɵɯ ɩɨɱɜ ɩɨɞɝɨɪɧɨɣ Ƚɨɥɨɞɧɨɫɬɟɩɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɵ . ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɣɧɚɭɤɢɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚʋ2 (32)-2008. Ɍ-2008. 2. ȼɚɫɢɥɶɟɜɂɄ, ɊɢɩɟɬɨɜȽȽ., ɒɪɟɞɟɪȼɊ. – Ɇɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ. ɀ.: ɏɥɨɩɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ, ʋ7, 1975. 3. Ⱦɢɦɨ ɇȺ. – Ɉɬɱɟɬ ɩɨ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɫɫɥɟ - ɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ƚɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɢɋɚɦɚɪɤɚɧɞɫɤɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. Ʌ.: Ȼ., 1910. 4. Ⱦɢɦɨ ɇȺ . – ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɩɨɱɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɫɨɥɟɣɜɩɨɱɜɨɝɪɭɧɬɚɯȽɨɥɨɞɧɨɣɫɬɟɩɢ ɋɚɦɚɪɤɚɧɞɫɤɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜ, Ȼ., 1911. 5. ȿɝɨɪɨɜ ȼ . ȼ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɢɪɪɢɝɚɰɢɢ ɝɟɨɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɜɧɢɧ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹ Ⱥɇ. ɋɋɋɊ, ɫɟɪ. ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮ., 1970, ʋ3. 6. ɄɚɦɢɥɨɜɈɄ. – ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɨɱɜ ɧɨɜɨɨɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ƚɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɢ. ȼ ɤɧ.: Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɟɫɫɢɹ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ. ɂɡɞɜɨ «ɎȺɇ», Ɍ., 1967. 7. Ʉɚɦɢɥɨɜ ɈɄ . – Ɉɛ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɦɟɥɢɨ - ɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɩɨɱɜɜɧɨɜɨɣɡɨɧɟɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɤɧ.: Ƚɟɧɟɡɢɫ, ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɢ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɱɜ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ. Ɍɪ. ɇɂɂɩɨɱɜɨɜɟɞ., ɬ. VIII, Ɍ., 1972. 8. Ʉɚɦɢɥɨɜ ɈɄ. Ɇɭɪɚɬɨɜ ɆȾ. – ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɱɜ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹȽɨɥɨɞɧɨɣɫɬɟɩɢ. ȼɤɧ.: Ɉɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɟɩɨɱɜɵ ɢɦɟɬɨɞɵɢɯɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ. Ɍ., 1976. 9. Ʉɨɜɞɚ ȼ . Ⱥ. Ʉɪɚɬɤɢɣ ɨɱɟɪɤ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ Ƚɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɢ. ȼ ɤɧ. « ɉɨɱɜɵ Ƚɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɢ, ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ ». Ɍɪ. ɉɨɱɜ. ɢɧɬɚɢɦ. ȼ. ȼ. Ⱦɨɤɭɱɚɟɜɚ, ɬ., 29.Ɇ., 1948. 10.Ɇɢɧɚɲɢɧɚɇ. Ƚ. ɉɨɱɜɟɧɧɨ – ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ Ⱦɠɢɡɚɤɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɢ . ɋɛ. « Ɋɚɫ- ɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɢɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɫɨɥɟɣɜɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯɩɨɱɜɚɯ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ». 1981. 11.ɉɚɧɤɨɜɚȿ. ɂ.Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɥɨɧɰɨɜ ɢ ɭɱɟɬɭ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɧɵɯɩɨɱɜ ɱɚɫɬɶ II. Ɇ. ɂɡɞɜɨ Ʉɨɥɨɫ, 1970 ɝ. Ɍɭɥɹɝɚɧɨɜ ɏ. Ɍ. Ƚɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɩɨɞɝɨɪɧɵɯɪɚɜɧɢɧ. Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ, 1971. 12.ɏɚɫɚɧɨɜ Ⱥ . ɋ. Ɂɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯɜɨɞ Ƚɨɥɨɞɧɨɣɫɬɟɩɢɩɨɢɯɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ. Ɇɚɬɟɪ. ɩɨɩɪ. ɫɢɥɚɦɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ, ɜɵɩ. 15 Ɍ., 1960ɝ. 13.«ɍɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɦɟɥɢɨɪɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɨɱɜ Ⱦɠɢɡɚɤɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɢ ». ɋɛ. ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɬɪɭɞɨɜ. Ɇ. 1990 . ȼɏɒȿɊɂɆȻȿɌɈȼ ɀɢɡɡɚɯɱʆɥɢɝɢɩɫɥɚɲɝɚɧɬɭɩɪɨԕɥɚɪɢɧɢɧɝԟɨɡɢɪɝɢɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜԟɨɥɚɬɢ Ɇɚԕɨɥɚɞɚ ɭɡɨԕ ɣɢɥɥɚɪ ɞɚɜɨɦɢɞɚ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɹɥɚɧɝɚɧ ɜɚ ԕʆɪɢԕ ԟɨɥɞɚ ɛʆɥɝɚɧ ɤɭɱɥɢ ɲʆɪɥɚɧɝɚɧ ɝɢɩɫɥɚɲɝɚɧ ɛʆɡʆɬɥɨԕɢ ɬɭɩɪɨԕɥɚɪɧɢɧɝ ʆɡɥɚɲɬɢɪɢɥɢɲɢ ɜɚ ԟɨɡɢɪɝɢ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜ ԟɨɥɚɬɢɧɢɧɝ ɬɚԟɥɢɥɢ ɤɟɥɬɢɪɢɥɝɚɧ. V.KH.SHERIMBETOV Modern meliorative condition of gypsiferous soils of Djizak steppe In this article the analysis of meliorative condition and development of soils on the example of initially strongly saline soils gypsiferous serozem-meadow soils exposed to long land improvements and used in manufacture under irrigation with cultivation of agricultural crops and similar soil s not completely reclaimed and being under a deposit for long years is given. _____________