ɍɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɚ ɜɵɲɟ ɢ ɧɢɠɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɪɧɹ 
ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɨɝɚ ɧɚ ɞɥɢɧɭ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 20· Ho ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɬɶ 
ɡɚɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɲɢɪɢɧɨɣ B ɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɛɨɪɬɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ 
ɬɪɚɩɟɰɟɢɞɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫ ɲɢɪɢɧɨɣ B ɩɨ ɞɧɭ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ 
ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɤɢɧɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ 
ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ, ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɚɹ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ 
ɜɢɧɬɨɜɵɟ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɜɟɪɯɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɧɢɡɨɜɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɞɨɧɧɨɝɨ 
ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɨɝɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ, ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ 
ɨɛɥɟɝɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɫɬɟɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ. 
Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ Į, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɣ ɨɬ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ 
ɨɬɛɢɪɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ Qɜ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɚQɪ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ 
ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ. Ⱦɥɹ 
ɛɟɫɩɥɨɬɢɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɨɜ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ 
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ 20% 
Į = Qɜ /Qɪ ” 0,20.                                            (3) 
ɉɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɭ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ Į, ɲɢɪɢɧɭ ɜɨɞɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɨɝɨ 
ɮɪɨɧɬɚ b ɢ ɲɢɪɢɧɭ ɡɚɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɪɭɫɥɚ Bɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ 
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɭɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɫɬɟɫɧɟɧɢɹ ( ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɹ) ɪɭɫɥɚ n ɧɚɧɨɫɨɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɦ 
ɩɨɪɨɝɨɦ. ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɭnɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ Ⱥ. ɋ. Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ 
n = bɞ/B = 1,17·Į + 0,468·b/B.     ( 4) 
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɦɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ 
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ (4) ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ 
ɰɟɥɟɣ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɫɬɟɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɨɤɚɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ 
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɜɨɞɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɨɬ ɡɚɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɭɫɥɨɜɵɯ 
ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ. 
ɇɚɧɨɫɨɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɨɝ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɞ ɭɝɥɨɦ ȕ = 45º ɤ 
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ. ɉɪɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɝɪɚɞɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ 
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɩɨɬɨɤɟ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɣ 
ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɢɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɜɟɪɯɨɜɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢ ɩɨɪɨɝɚ; ɤɢɧɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ 
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɡɚ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚ 
45