ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɭɸɬ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɡɚɛɨɪɵ;ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ 
ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɭɝɨɥ ɨɬɜɨɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ 90º.  
ȼ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɭɝɨɥ ɨɬɜɨɞɚ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ 90º (ij =90º), ɬɚɤ 
ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɨɬɜɨɞɚ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ 
ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɥɚɜɧɨ ɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ 
ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɪɟɤɟ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɛɟɡɧɚɧɨɫɧɭɸ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɸ ɜ 
ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɧɚɧɨɫɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ. ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɨɬɜɨɞɚ 
ɩɨɞ ɭɝɥɨɦ  ij =90º ɤ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɭ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɞɟɲɟɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɜɜɢɞɭ 
ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. 
ɉɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦ [9] ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚɹ ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ 
bɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɨɦ ɢɡ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɨɞɬɨɩɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɨɞɨɫɥɢɜ ɫ 
ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɦ  
ɜ İij 2Qb h g z=⋅⋅⋅⋅ ⋅ ⋅ .                                          (1) 
ɝɞɟ Qɜ – ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɡɚɛɢɪɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɪɟɤɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ; İ – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɛɨɤɨɜɨɝɨ 
ɫɠɚɬɢɹ;ij–ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ;b–ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ 
(ɜɨɞɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ);h–ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɪɟɤɟ ɧɢɠɟ ɨɬɜɨɞɚ;z–ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ 
ɜ ɨɬɜɨɞ;g– ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ. 
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ İ ɢ ij ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɢ 
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢ [12]. ɉɨɬɟɪɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɜ 
ɨɬɜɨɞ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɟɧɵ ɩɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ȼ. ɋ. Ȼɨɧɞɚɪɟɧɤɨ [9]: 
z = (1,21 – 0,21·cosij)·
2
ɤV /2·g,    (2) 
ɝɞɟ Vɤ – ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɟɦ ɪɭɫɥɟ; ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ  
ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɞɚɟɬ ɩɪɢ Vɤ §Vɨ. 
ɒɢɪɢɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ 
ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɵɦɢ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɲɢɪɢɧɵ 
ɜɨɞɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ b ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ 
ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬɢɩ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɩɪ. ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɢ 
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ (2) ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ b, 
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ.  
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