KorrlruyHaJlbHoe eoAocHadxeHl,Ie. !,nn nurbeBoro soAocHa6)KeHr.rfl npu-
MeHfleTCfi rIHCTaff npecHafl BOAa, OTBer{arcqafl TeXHHqecKI,IM yCJIOBHflM
u rpe6ouaHr.rflM rocyAapc'rBeHHbrx craHAaproB.
fpaQnx BoAonorpe6nesus B reqeHr4e rcAa npIa noAocuad]Keur.ru 6oneo
HJIH MeHee paBHoMepeH. ,Ilerou norpe6neHr.re BoAbr yBerr.rrrnBaercff (oxono
l,l or cpeAHero4oeoro), auuofi yMeHblraercs. BoAocsa6ixenne KoJrxo3oB
LI coBXo3oB npH Hailv.urr npeArpHflrurt nepepa6arrrnarcller? npoMbrrxJreH-
Hocrn HMeer c$oHHyIo HepaBHoMepHocrb. B re'reHrae cyroK H HeAenH vx
BoAonorp e6.rleHue Hep aBHoMep Ho. Co6,nnlaercs ctreuz anrsufi caHurap usrfi
pe)KHM BOAOXp aHr{JrHrqa.
BoAocna6xeHue rrpoMbrrrrJreHHbrx npeAnpr{flrnfr n renJroBbrx eJreKTpo-
cranqufi. PexIan BoAonorpe6neHus orJraqaercfl cyrouuori H ueAe,rltHofi
HepaBHoMepHocrblo. Ha rerrJloBbrx craHqr,tflx BoAa HcrroJrb3yercfl Ha oxJra-
AHreJIbHbre ueJrn, ruAporpaHcnopr BoJrbr r{ cMeHy BoAbr B KorJrax. Heo6-
xoAuMbre o6t,eu H Kaqecrno aa6upaeuofi BoAbr orrpeAeJrflrorcfl rexsonoruert
npoH3BoAcrBa.
flponrrlrJreuHble croKu nBJI fl torcs ocHoBHbrM HcroqHr4KoM 3arp 13 HeHr4 fl
BoAoeMoB, HaHocflr yurep6 plr6norray xoerficray, coKparqarcT pecypcbr
rrpecHbrx r{Hcrbrx BoA H rpe6yror orrHcrKu. MeponpfiflTr4fl, no 6ops6e c sa-
rps3HeHHeM peK H BoAoxpaHuJrr,rq HMeror 6o,nuuoe HapoAHoxogsrtcrnes-
Hoe 3HaqeHr4e r.I flBJIffIorcrI oAuofi H3 KpyrrHefiuux npo6,neu coBpeMeHHocru.
C6poc rerJIoBbIMLI eJleKrpocraHr.tnflMn B peKH ycnonub qucroft BoAbr c no-
BbnueHHofr reuneparypofi co3Aaer (TerrJroBoe sarprr3HeHHe>.
PudHoe xos.qficruo. fi,nt olecneqeHzfl npoxoAa -pu6u K MecraM He-
pecra [peAtrrBrrrorcfl ocHoBHbre rpe6onaHvrfr. K peMHMy rny6rzn H cKopo-
creif reqeHufl 3rIMofi unu secuori B 3aBucnMocrr4 or BpeMeHr.r Hepecra. IIpn
npyAoBoM xosqficree BoAa Hyx{Ha AJrrr rrogepx{aHurr npororrHocru pu6o-
BoAHbIX r{ HaryJrbHblx npyAoe. Psr6oxossficreer{Hoe ocBoeHr.re BoAoxpaHH-
JII4ITI npeAycMarpl4Baer npoBeAeHue c[er[HaJrbHbrx pa6or no oqficrKe r4x
Jrox{a I{ T.A.
Kortrn;rercHoe penyJrr,rpoBanile croKa. Ecnu BoAoxpaHzJrtTrrle o6c,nyxn-
Baer .ps4 orpacnefi xogsficrsa 14 oAHoBpeMeHHo peryJrapyer croK noJro-
no4ufi (nanogxon), otto HMeer KoM[JreKcHoe HagHaqeHr.te.
D^^*,-,,;^ -, ,<^^. R,, ^ .,^^^r-trr yJrYrPr.rDafrnE Lr\J.n4 rry\rDUArllLll (r E' r{E,iI}ll\ rJrJPDvDr u naELrAnEnI4xryIrI
I,r c HH>KeHH rr crou Mocrr.r c6p oc nsr x coop y)KeHu ft . PeryJr r.rp oBa Hr,re nonoso,qra fi
H naBoAKOB OCyUIeCTBJTfleTCfl rrpOTHBOrraBOAOr{HbrMr.r nilU 3aAep)KHBarO-
Irlr,rMH BoAoxp aHHJrHrqaMH.
flo npo4oJrlKr.rreJrbHocrr.r nepHoAa pasflHrrator cfleAyrcrr\He Br.rAbr pery-
JIHpOBaHHTT CTOKa: CyTOr{HOe, HeAeJIbHOe, KpaTKOCpOqHOe, CeSOHHO-rOAHq-
Hoe, MuoroJrerHee. flpn cyrgqHoM H HeAeJrbHoM peryJrnpoBaHuflx 6onee
HJrLr MeHee panHonaepHsrft croK nepepacnpeAeJrsercs B HepaBHoMepHyro
orAaqy, To ecrb npor,r3BoArzrcn o6paiuoe peryailpoBaHr,re.
CyrouHoe peryrrnpoBaHue croKa (puc. 55) nosnoJrfler yBeflHrruTb KoJrr{-
qecrBo norpe6urener? sa cqer r4crroJlb3oBaHrg, HaKonJleHnofi eoAsr B rracbl
noHHX(eHHoro BoAonorpe6,rreHllfl H gHaqHTeJIbHo cHH3HTb crouMocrb BoAo-
[poBoAflulr4x 14 soAosa6opHbrx coopyxenrafi .
Bo1oxpaHHJrHIrIe cyroqHoro pefyJrHpoBaHufl 3aBepuaer qHKJr pa6oru
(uanonHeHue H cpa6orxa) o reveuue cy:roK. flpu soAocHa6)KeHHH npr4Me-
172
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Lnu
Puc. 56. He4enuuoe PeTYJI
poBaHlle cToKa.
4e
14-Puc. 65. CytouHoe peryJIHpoBaHHe croKa:
a - npa$nr< no4onorpe6.nesusi 6 - cxeMa pasMe'
flrenuf pe3epByapa cyroqHol'o peI'yJIHpoBaHIIfll
/-ao4Ooa6opuoe coopyxeHlle; 2 -HacocHatt
craHqusi 3-varucrpatlbHblll I{aHa.Ill 4 - pcacp'
Byap cyrotlHoro peryJllrpoBaHHql 6 - cerr'
HflroT 6accefistr cyToqHoro peryJrr,IpoBaHllt, a Aas I'IX HanoJIHeHH fl HCTIoJIb'
sylor HacocHble ycTaHoBI{H.- 
Pegxfie KoJre6aHr{fl pacxoAoB B peKe HI4x(e no TeqeHI'IIo, BbI3BaHHbIe cy'
TOqHbrM pefyJrHpoBaHneM CTOKa, OTpI4UaTeflbHo cKa3bIBaIOTCfl Ha peqHoM
TpaHcrlopTe H rlpoqeccax sopruu.poBaHllfl. pycJla"' 
Heleitnoe pery.nupoBaHl,Ie (puc. 56) rlpHMeHflercfl rlpH Hailnqr46
o6qux BbrxoAHbrx 4Her?. Bo,qoxpaHHJII4qe HeAeJIbHoro pelyJll4poBaHvfr'
saAepx{HBaer ug6r,lro.lnsrft croK 3a BbtxoAubte AHH, B Koropble norpe6'ne'
HHe BoAbr MeHb[re, qeM B pa6ouue. 3a cqer gToro noBbltllarcTcfl pacxoAbl
norpe6nre.neft n Pa6ouue AHIa.
flo.nu51ir rt"xn pa6oru BoAoxpaHHJII{ula (cpa6orra v HaKonJIeHI'Ie)
cocTaBJIfleT HeAeJIiO.
KparxocpoqHoe HenepHoAHqecKoe peryJIHpoBaHHe cToKa IIpHMeHflercfl
Ha MaJrbrx peKax. flonycxll BoAbI H3 BoAoxpaHI4JII{Lq rpoBoAsr AJIff yBeJIH-
I TIII]EYVTNWMXXIM
I
Puc. 57. CesouHo-roAuqHoe pery"'IupoBaHl'le croKa:
c - Ha paBHoMepnylo HenpepblRHylo orAaqy; 6 - na HepaB'
HoMepHyto npepblDtlylo orAaqy.
nnst'h
u3/cet
173
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