PHc- 46. Oca1xorrep B. n. Tperrnxoaa.
OcaAxpt, cKonHBrrrwecfl, B ocaA-
KOMepe, H3MepflroT nplr rroMotqfi'l.r3MepHTeJrbHOfO CTaKaHa, KaX{AOe
AeJreHHe KOTOpO|O COOTBeTCTByeT
cJroro ocaAKoB 0,1 Un B Harype.
Ao 1951 r. AJrfl H3MepeHHrr
ocaAKoB npHMeHflJil4cb AOX{AeMepbr
c 3aLrIHTofr e nu4e cnJlolxHoroqKo-
Hyca u 6ontruefi nnoqaAbro Ao)K-
AeMepHoro BeApa (500 c,uz).
I,lcc.rteAoeaHHfl fnasHofi feo-
Qusuuecxofi o6cepnaropLrr4 noxa-
sa[Iv,IITO OCaAKOMep B. A. Tperl-
rKoBa Aaer 6onee roqHbre p$yJrb-
Tarbr, qeM AoxAeMep, rnaeHrrN,r o6-
pa3oM 3a crreT Jryquero coxpaHe-
HHff TBepAbrX OCaAKOB OT BbtAyBa-
HHfl,. OAuaxo vr ocaAKoMep B.A.
Tpertnxona He yl{IarblBaer Bcex
BbrnaBuuX ocaAKoB. llp" Berpe
qacTb HX He yJraBJrHBaeTcfl npr4-
6opoltr, a qacrb repflercfl Ha Hcna-
peHr4e vr cMaquBaHr.re npu6opa.
B 1965 f. B ffo paapa6orana
MeroAHKa pacqera nonpaBoK K noKa3aHlrflM Aox{Aeueph B.3aBHcr.rMocrr4
oT cKopocrH BeTpa H TeMrrepaTypbr Bo3Ayxa.
flpu6.rruxeHHbre 3HaqeHHfl cpeAHr.rx no pafioHanr
u o6nacrflM nonpaBor{r{brx xoaSQr.rur4eHToB K HopMaM
Mecflr{Hbrx H roAoBbrx BeJrHqr4 H oca4xon (no ffo)
H3MeHrrrorcr B txHpoKHX npeAeJrax (or I , 17 lo I ,56).
Xnn uenpeptrnnori n aBroMarr.iqecxofi 3anHCH
KOIHqeCTBa >r<r4n,KHX OCaAKOB npr4MeHflroT CaMOnH-
IxyxIHe Ao>I(AeMepbr - rrJrroeuorpa0tr (puc. 47).
OcaAxu no[aAalor B Ao)r{AeMeplroe BeApo [,'ro-
rriaAbrc 500 clvtz. I4z Aoir{AeMepHoro BeApa BoAa
creKaer no rpy6xe B rlraJrr4HApurrecKur? cocyA c rro-
.nJIaBKoM. K uon.naBKy npJ4Kpe[JreH crepx{eHb c tre.
poM, roropurr? corrpr4Kacaercq c neuroli 6apa6ana,
Bpaqarcuefocfl c noMorrlbro r{acoBofo MexaHr43Ma.
flpa BbrnaAeHLrH ocaAKoB [o[JraBoK noAHrzMaercfl,
I.I BMeCTe C HHM ABHIKeTCfl nO JIeHTe nepo, BbIqeprIH-
Bafl KpvrByro H3MeHeHHfl KoJrnr{ecrBa ocaAKon. flpu
3anoJIHeHI4H IIHII4HApHrlecKoro cocyAa AOBepXy
BOAa aBTOMaTHT{eCr{t4 BbrJrHBaeTcfl H3 HeIO qepeS
cuQou H norrJraBox 6ucrpo orycKaerca (nepo B oro
pp eMfl rrnrrer r{HcxoAfl rrlyro Beprn K aJrb Hyro nu Huro) .
flpu orcyrcrBnr4 ocaAKoB rrepo Bbtrrepr{HBaer r{a
JreHTe fopH3oHTaJIbHyr.o JII,IHHIO.
160
Prac. 47, fl.rlrcnnorpa{r:
/- xoxyx; 2- 4ox4euep-
Hoe BeApo; 3-cocyAl
4- creplKeHb c nonnaB.
xon.r; 5- nepo caMonrrcqal
6- cuSon; 7- npndlruurfi
cocya.
B rpyaHoAocrynHbrx ropHbrx pafiouax npr.rMeHflror cyMMapHbre Aox{Ae.
Mepbl, co6uparculue ocaAKLI B TeqeHHe AJrHTeJrbHoro nepnoAa nperueun (rue-
crrl r,I 6o,rrrure)
3nnrHne ocaAKH, BbInaAaIoqI{e B BLrAe cuera vr HaKa[JIHBaroIIrHecfl
3a SHMy B 3HaqHTeJIbHbIX KOJIHT{eCTBaX, Hfparor BecbMa Ba}KHyro poJlb
B fHApoAofr.rqecKr4x npoqeccax.
Oc Hoe urtMu x ap aKTep I4crI4 KaMH c HelKHoro [oKpoBa fl BJr fl rorcfl : rrpoAoJr-
x{HTeJIbHOCTb 3aJleraHHfl, BbICOTa, IJIOTHOCTb CHera, 3anacbl BoAbI g cHere.
flpo4o.n>r<HTeJIbHocrb 3aJIeraHHfl cHelKHoro rroKpoBa yMeHbruaercn
c ceBepa Ha lor. Ha no6^e^pex{b.e Cenepuoro ,IleAonuroro oKeaHa oHa B cpeA-
HeM cocraBJrrer 240-260 AHefi, a Ha roro-BocroqFrolrl no6epexre KacnHfi-
cKoro Mopfl cHer JIeIKLIT B cpeAHeM Bcero 3-4 ann. IlpoAoJrlKr4TeJrbHocrb
3aJleraHHfl CHe>KHOTO nOKpOBa yBefiHrrr4BaeTcfl rro Mepe npoABH)I{eHHfl C 3a-
na/,a Ha BocroK. TqT, Ha rxHpore 60o ua no6epex(be Ea.nrHficxoro Mopfl
cHer Jre)Kr.rr oKoJro B0 lnefi, a sa rofi x{e rrrHpore B 3anaAHofi Cra6upra _
200 auerl,
cToKa.
B 6accel:rHe peK cuex<Hufi noKpoB 3aJreraer HepaBrroMepHo. Crenesr
HepaBHoMepHocrI'I saBvrcr4T or pureQa MecrHocTH u xapar(Tepa pacrgTerrb-
HOCTH. flOA BJrHflHpreM Berpa npoucxoAuT [epeMerqeHue cHefa: c o1Hr.rx
Mecr oH cAyBaercfl, a'B Apyrr,rx cKanJruBaercrr B Br4Ae cyrpo6on. t{erra 6o.nt-
lllrfr 
i1rrKE, y Jltruribi^ uir-yillcK t4 n lvtuJiuAbix J-IecHbIx 3aDocJIflx.
ll,norsocrb cllera BbIpax(aercrl orHorrreHr,reM o6teua BoAbr, o6pasyroqefi-
cfl rIpI4 TaflHHrl o[peAeJleHHoro KoJrr.rqecrBa cHera, r o6teuy gToro cIIeFa:
(233)6."-#,
r1e 0." - fiJrorHocrb cHefa;
G - Bec cHefa, e;
Vf - o6reu c*era, c.rrta,
fl"norsocrb cBelKeBbrnaBrrrero cHera B cpeAHeM paBHa 0,10. Jlexa.nufi
cHer HMeer IIJIorHoctl 0,15-0,20. flo uepe yBeruqeHr4 fl Bbrcorbr cHe111Horo
noKpoBa nJIOTHOCTb CHefa yBeflnrrHBaercfl oT AaBJreHHr BepxHr{x cJIoeB
Ha HHlKHne. Jlpu MaKcllMa.truofi ToJrr.qHHe cHelKHoro iloKpoBa urorHocrb
ero paBHa 0,25-0,30, a nepeA HairaJroM cHeroraflHr4s oHa Aocrr.rraer O,Bb-
0,40.
l6r6 3axas N 1027