pylor MaKcHMaJIbHbIe pacxoAbl, npeBbtllIarcrr{He cHeroBbre He roJrbKo HaMaJIbIX, Ho H Ha cpeAHHX v 6oJrb:l::ax peKax. B s1'ax yc/roBuflx AoxAeBbrenaBoAKH HOCflT XapaKTep no/roBoAbff.
Ha naa.rlsrx peKax BeceHHrIe H oco6eHHo AoxAeBbre naBoAKr{ [poxoAflTo6nI'IHo oqeHb 6lrcrpo. Henpo4or'rlKuTeJrbnuM 6risaer crorHr4e JrHBHeBbrxMaI(cHMyMoB H Ha 6onee KpynHblx peKax. floaronay cpeAHecyrorrHbre MaK-cHMyMbI cyx{ecrBeHHo or.rtuqarorcrr or MrrroBerrHbtx uau1otrcutHX pacxoAoB.
B csss[ c araM B pacqer BBoAflT He cpeAuecyrorrHbre pacxoAbr, a MrHoBeH-HbI9, HilI'I cpoqHble, MaKcaMa"rrbHbre pacxoAbl BoAbr (pacxo4u, orBeqarcrrlge
Ha6.nrcAeHunM B onpeAeJIeHHbIe cpoxrz). Ec,ulr rraBoAoK r(parr{oBpevennl,rfi
H rIpoxoAHT MexAy cpoKaMH rHApoMerpHrrecKHx r43MepeHr4fi, ycrauaB[rH-
Baror coorHoIIIeHI'Ie Me)KAy 3aperucrpHpoBaHHbrMH H 4ertcrnare.rrbHbrMg MaK-cHMyMaMH Vt BBOAflT COOTBerCrByroulae flonpaBKH B pacqerbr MaKcrzMaJrbHbrx
pacxoAoB BoAbr.' Pacqer \,{aKcHMaJIbHbIX, pacxoAoB BoAbr or,'rl4qaercfl or -alailnza ApyrHxrHApoflorHIIecKHX nsnelHufl HeKoropbluu oco6eHHocrrMa. B erov pacqere
rlpeAcraB.rlflIor HHTepec uau6onee BbIcoKI4e pacxoAbr BoAbr, xparlue peAKo
noBToprlolrlkIecn H rlo-arol\4y cna6o H.[H coBceM He npeAcraBJreHHbre B Ma-TepI'IaJIax ua6"urc4eHar?. Bc"rre4crB[e HeAocrarorrHo rrpoAo/rx{HTeJrbHbrx ne-pHoAoB ua6.nrc4euufi uag croKoM pacxoAbr peAKor? rroBTopreMocrg paccq[-
TbIBAIOT HA OCHOBE MCTOAOB MATCMATHqCCXOfi CTATHCTHKH.
flp n orcyrcrBn H AaH H bIX u a6,rro4eHnri pacver Ma KcHMaJrbHbrx p acxoAoB
Be4yr OAHHM H3 cytqecrBytourax MeroAoB, 6aswpytorrlaxcfl Ha H3yqeHhHyclonufi QopnanpoBaHLrfl rro,rroBoAHrt a nano4xon.
Pacqer MaKcHMailbHbIx pacxoAoB TaJlbrx tr JrHBHeBbrx BoA. llpu uanuuuu
f HApoMerpl'lqecKH x AaHHbIX nO'Ma KCHMaJTbHOMy CTOKy 3a AOCTaTOTTHO AJIU-re.rrnusltl {epHoA Ha6"ryrcAeHari pacverHbre MaKcr4MaJrbHbre pacxoAbr raJrbrx(cHeroBblx) H JII'IBHeBbIX BOA OnpeAeJrflror rro reoperaqecxorl xpunofi o6ec-[erreHHocrH, nocrpoessoii no erLIM ua6"trc4euHflM. llpra aronr neo6xoAauopyKoBoAcrBoBarbcfl rpe6onaHtrut CHrzll U-V. T_65.
C;rarwcru'Iecxoli o6pa6orxe AaHHbrx rro MaKcLrMaJrbHoMy croKy rpeA-IltecrByer Tlrlare,rlbHar npoBepKa vr aHailkrs r4cxoAHbrx sd6nroaeHipt. Ocin-6euHoe BHHMaHHe cJleAyer yAeJIrrrr, al_ailkrgy npaBHJrbHocrt4 rrocrpoer{r4fl
r.r sKcrpanoilF.,r\HLr xpunorl pacxoAoB Q:f(H),or Koropofi. easucu"f npgHrras/seJlr,lqhHa Har4ooJlee BbIcoKHX paCXOAOB.
!,era"nlHoft nponepre HylKHo noABeprarb raK Ha3brBaeMnfi ucropgqec-
xHfi trlaxcHlvlyM, To ecrb saH6o.ryuulrfi uaxcurrlanrurrrl pacxoA 3a npeAoJI-xlrre.nnstrfi nep?roA BpeMeHH. Be.nauraHy HcropHrrecKofo MaKcHMyMa
orIpeAeJIfllor no MeTI(aM BbICOKHX BOA, ycTaHaBJrHBaeMbrx. B npoqecce fHApo-JIOrtrqecKHX l.rstrcxauHft. B npouecce ltsttcxaFrllfi noflvr{aror raNx<e no-nepelrHble npo$z,ru pycJla u noliurt H noKa3are.[H Hx ur-epoxoearocr4. nonollepeqHuu npoQvrlIflM BbttIHCflflIor nJrorr{aAa }KHBoro ceqeHus pycJra, 1ipa-
soft u nesofi noriir,t 4o saQraxcupoBaHHoro BbrcoKoro ypoBHr.'nprnrrr"
pacqerHbrrl yx.noH, paautrr?cpeAHeMyyKJroHy KopeHHOro pycJra, onpeAeJrflror
SHaqeHHe Mar(cHMaJrbHono pacxoAa no QopuyJre paBHoMep Hofo 4nilxeunn.Brrquc.neHHrr BeAyr _orAeJrbHo A.rrfl pyc.rra^ u noftnu, TaK KaK HX uepoxo-
Barocrb pa3JIHqHa. O6qHg pacxoA noflyr{aercff KaK cyMMa rpex pacxoAoB:
KopeHHoro pycJra, npanofi u nesoft uofirr,r.
108
flo.nyueHuttfi raxuu o6paaolt MaKcHMyM npoBep fl ror nyreM corocraBJre-
HHs efo c BeJIHTIHHaMI4 MaKCLIMaJTbHOfo croKa Ha ApyfHX crBopax rofi xe pe-
KH HilH Ha peKax-aHaJlorax roro )Ke parloHa, nyreM coirocraBJleHgff co cHero-
TafHHeM' HHTeHCI4BHOCTbI'O HapaCTaFIHfl TeM[epaTyp AJIfl cHerOBOrO I1OJIO-
BoAbfl Lrltt4 c .4oxAeBbtMlz ocaAKaMH ua 6nu>xafiumx MereopoJrorgqecKgx
cTaHIIHflX.
A"ll nocrpoeHar reoperuqecxori r<paeo/r o6ecneqeHHocru MdKCHM&Jrb.
Hbrx pacxoAoB BbrrrHcrflroT ee [apaMeTpbr:
1) cpe4urzfi uHoronernnr? rvlaxcul,lansHlrrl pacxoA
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.D\ilr rarrbrx BoA paBHr.rHHbrx peK Cr:2Cr;
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AJIfl Aox(AeBbIX H cMeIIIaHHblx pacxoAoB ropHblx peK C"- 4Lo.ONoHqareJIbHo nlr6Hpaior 3HaqeHr{s napaMerpa Cr^ r pat'yn*ure cono-craBJreHHf reoperr4qecxor? xpn nofi o6ecneqesHoCru i Qai<ruuecKHMu AaH-HbrMH :e^a6nto/:enufi. t
Hoprr,raMu AonycKaercfl TaKx{e npHMeHeHHe Apyrux Mero.qoB onpeAeJre-HHfl napaMerpoB fpanofi o6ecneqeuHocrH, B riacrHocrH MeroAa nin6onr_uery rpaBAorroAo6ur (crr,r. rJraBy III).
- flpra HailHqLrH AaHHbIx o6 ucropuqecKoM MaKcHMyMe rrapaMerpu xpznofio6ecneqesHocra onpeAeJrsror c ero i/qerorvi iio c;ieayioiiiiir,i .foopryrrarur:
0",*.:+[0,* +4.0,] , (163)
rle Q,ar- Be,/'IHqI4 Ha l4cropzrlecKor.o MaKcuMyMa;
-ry - nepuoA HenpepbrBHbrx ua6nrc4eur.ul;
N - nepHoA, B TeqeHHe KOTOpO|O sa6"rpAeHssrfi Q" nn.nnercs Har.{-6ons[rau. + -r
fIo HafiAeHHbrM napaMerpzM Qrr*., co w crcrposr reoperHrrecKyro Kprz-nyro o6ecneqeHHocryr, coorBercrByroqyn rpexnipaMerpHrrecKoMy raMMa-
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