Bo nropoM cflyqae, KorAa BpeMfl MaKcr.rMaJrbHoro Ao6erasufl MeHb[ie
BpeMeHH BOAOOTAaUIT (t"r*.6.rr), n sOprrar.rpoBaHHu MaKcHMyMa yqacrByer
BCfl TIJIOIqaAb BOAOC6Opa, HO He BCe rracrH cJIofl BOAooTAaqH, a JrHtrrb re,
Koropble HMeIor Mecro B nepl4oA Hau6oJrbrrrefi uuteucr4BHocrz sa BpeMq Ao-
6erauus
Aua.nuruqecKu BeJrHqHHa MaKcHMaJrbHoro
I{ar onpeAeJrr.rTct Bbrpax(eHHeM:
pacxoAa AJrf AaHHoro cJry-
4 =TMunc
Q*o,,.: : hr-n*,.fn. (155)
n=l
Cxenaa H3oxpoH, KpoMe yKa3aHHbrx paHee Aoltyu1eHnfi, ne yr{HTbrBaer
r.r ecTecTBeFrFrofo pefyr'rHpoBaHHfl cToKa B pycJre per{H.
Pyc.rionoe pefyJIHpoBaHVe cocrouT B Tor\{, rITo rlacrb BoAbr, nocryrrarc-
I.I{efi B pyc,ro noBepxHocrHbrM croKoM, B repiloA noAbeMa ypoBHer? 3arpa-
I{HBaercfl rra 3aro,lHeHHe pycJra; B neptroA cnaAa yponuerl 3aAepxaHHbrfi
o6ten,I crer(aer. 3ro npnnIAHT K HeKoropbrM pacxo)KAeHr4flM n Soprrae rr.rApo-
rpaQa croKa, BbrqucJreHHoro no H3oxpoHaM u SaxrnuecKoro. PacxoxAeHzs
oco6eHHo 3aMerHbr Ha KoHueBbrx yqacrKax nuApofpaQa. flpnSase noAbeMa
opAHHarbI ru4porpaSa B p€ay;5"ure ecrecrBeHHoro pycJroBoro peryJrr{-
poBaHHs floJlyrlarcTcf MeHb[Ie TeopeTvrlecKHx opAIzHaT, noflyrleHHblx no
HsoxpoHar,r. flpu Qase cnaAa Ha6"urc4aercn o6parHar Kaprr4Ha: opArrHarbr
QaxrvuecKoro ruAporpaQa uecxoJrbKo yBerurrfiBarorcfl.
C.reAcrszeM pycJloBoro peryJrupoBaHufl flBJrflercfl 3ana3AbrBaHr{e 0arc-
TllqecKofo croKa no cpaBHeHHro c Teoperuqecxofi npoAoJr)Kr.rreJrbHocTbro
ero ro Qoprvry.ne (153). @axruqecKafl rrpoAoJr)KnrelrbHocrb croKa paBHa:
7o:T*r*.*Tu-1*frp,
rAe lo - npoAoJrlKllTeJrbHocrb onopox{HeHr4fl pycnonor? ceru.
Bc"rreAcrBl{e pycJloBoro peryJrupoBatzfl croKa npoucxoArzr yMeHbrxe-
HI4C MAKCI4MA"TIbHOTO PACXOAA, H HACTYIIJICHI,IC CfO HCCKOJIbKO CABHfACTCg
B[paBo no cpaBHeHHFo c reoperuqecKr.rM fzAporpaQorur.' tlerrr 6o.rsrue peuHofi 6accefin H rreM 6o.nlure pefyJrnpyrourag eMKocrb
ero peqHofi ceru, TeM 6o"rree cyulecrBeHHo oTJ[4,raercs rHAporpa$ croxa,
nr.tn,Trf\r1AUrrt-rri rrn rtartvnr.ttratrr nm rha trf,rrrra;-rrr\nn Frrnnnnnorharrvvr yvvrrrrurrr rrv rrevlryvrrqrvlt vr Y/qr\rrlavvr\vr v r rrAyvr PqYq.
T TT A S A VI. MAT(CIIMAJIbHbIft W MI4IIIIMAJIbHbIfl CTOTI
$ 1. @axropbr BecenHero rroJroBoAbfl
I-lo.nonoAbe - ero Qaea BoAHoro pelKnMa peKr.r, xapaKTepn3yroqascff
rrpoAoJrx{ureJrbHblM [oBbIIueHI,IeM croKa, Koropbrfi uonropflercfl ex(eroAHo
B OAHH H Te )Ke Ce3OHbI.
flononoAbe Bbr3brBaercr Ha paBHHHHbIx peKax cHerorasHneM (neceu-
Hee noJroBoAbe), ua BbrcoKoropHbrx _ TanHv,eM cHera ll JTeAHHKoB (.ner-
Hee noJroeo4re), B MyccoHHbIX H Tponur{ecKnx 3oHax - BbInaAeHHeM Jrer-
HHx, garflx(rrbrx AoxtAeri (uanpravep, Jlerr{ee noJroBoAbe Ha peKax !,a.ntuero
Boc'roxa 3a cqer MyccoHubrx 4o>r<4eft).
100
KparxonpeMenHble rIoBbIIrIeHHff croKa, He npuypoqeHHbre r{ onpeAeJreg.Holvly rlepHoAy roAa H lloBTopflIotquecfl B HeKoropbre roAbr no HecKo/rbKy
Pfl3, Ha3blBaForcfl naBoAI{aMH. flano4xu o6uqHo Bo3Hr4Karor or 4ox4efi,Ho B ycJIoBHflx Heycrol?qvtsofi 3LIMbI naBoAKH Mgryr 6urt o6yc"nonneHlrIzHTeFICHBHbI\4 KparKoBpeMeHHbII\{ cueroraflrrr.reM. BcrpeuarcTcq raKX(e cMe-rrlaHIrble crjefo-Ao)KAeBble noJroBoAbfl t{ naBOAKH.
Becerltlee no"rloBoAbe rHnurrrr o A.Dn 6onuuraucrBa peK CCCp. K ocHos-uuu rpaxropaM croxa BeceliHero noJroBoAbrr oTrrocnrctl 3arracbr BoAbr B cHe-)I{HOM nOI{pOBe' HHTeI{CHBHOCTb H IlpOl(oil)l{l4TeJlbrlOCTb CHerOTaflH4fl. KpOrr,1eTofO' Ha BeceHHee rIOnOBOAbe OKa3bIBa]oT BJII.IflHI4e Be,[ArIHHa rA QOpn,1a'6aC-cefiHa, pe.ln-eQ, xapal{Tep [oqB, reo./torl{qecKoe crpoeHae lacceftua, HaJrvr-qrle B 6accefise o3ep, ",IecoB, 6o,tot. Bce aru Qaxropu e rofi HJ1H H1oir MepeBbI3bIBaIoT aKKyMyJIflIII{rc H peny/THpoBaHae o6pasonaButgxcfl H3 cHeraTA,TIbIX BOA.
I{HreHcHsHocrb cHeroraflHHfl. 3a HHTeHcHBrrocrb cHeroraflHHfl, Ko-TOpafl 3aBucklT or co,rrHequofi pal4ar\Hpr H Ter\4neparypbr Bo3AyXa, npHHH-MAIOT KOJIIIqCCTBO TAJIbIX NO4, O6PA3YIOXIHXC'i B CAHHHIIY BPCMCHH.
Ann orAeJIbHbIX tlacret? nogbc6opa Ha rrFrreHcgBHocrb cHeroraflHnfl
BJIIdfler SKcno3I{III4fl cKJIOHoB. VseJrLIqeHHe I4HTeHcHBHocTH cHeforatHHff
coKpaqaer efo npoAoJIx(HTeJIbHCTb H yBeJruqr.rBaer ntrK noroBoAbf .
llpoao"rrxl'ITeJlbHocrb cHeforaffHufl 
-xo,re6,rercfl 
B 3Haqr{TeJrbHblx npe-
Ae.rax. Tax, A/Ifl. paBHI{HHbIx peK eBponer:rcxofi qacru CCCP i.p;;Hr4reJrbHo6o"tlurux 6acceI?Hoe) npo4o"trkzTeJrbHocrb no,rroBoAbr rz3MeHrercfl or l0cyrg5 Ha rore Ao 10 cyroK Ha ceBepe.
Ila 6o"rrlruux 6accerlsax cHer HaqaHaer raflTb, KaK npaBllrq HeoAHo-BpeMeHHO, rrro Blrvfler Ha npoqeccu Qopv4poBaH4fl. no/roBoAbf .Cuer Haql'IFlaer raflTb 3aAoJIro Ao HaqaJra croKa. B teqeHra na*oroporoBpeMeHr.r, cocraBJrflrouefo oKoJro o4Uor? Tperr,r Bcefo nepuoAa cHeroraq_'Hvrfl,, Tanan BoAa JrHrub yB.rra)KHfler ro/rqy cHex{Horo noxpona. Bo4oor_
Aaqa 143 CHefa, a CJIeAOBaTeJIbHO' I4 CTOK HarII{HaIOTCfl nOC/Ie HaCbIIrIeHHflcHera no4ofi Ao MaKcHMaJIbHoI? BJlaroel,rxocrr4. Maxcuva [rbHafl BJraroeM-KOCTb CHefa 3aBr4cur or ero crpyr{rypbr u xone6"ryercs or 15 Ao 500/o(e cpe4ueM oKo,rro 300/o).
Taxana o6pasol't, cuexnufi ttoxpoR -qBilflercn aKr{y},{yJrfiTopoM TaJrorlBoAbI, 3aAepx{HBaloudltM BoAoorAaqy. 3uaqure"rlbHoe yBerHr{eHl.te soAoor-
AAqH IPOHCXOAHT NOA BJII,IflHHCM BCCCHHHX 4OX4Cfi. !.OX4U YMCHbIXAIOTar(r{yMy/rupyrcuyro cnoco6socrb cHefa, r43MeHfffl ero crpyKrypy; Aox(AflMHpa3pyualorcfl cHelKHbIe. KsIiHJIJIfpbr, BCJreAcrBHe rrero colebixaur ancfl BcHere KailHII[IflpHan H rl,/IeHoqHafl BoAa nepexoAHT B rpanzraqHoHHyrc,
6rrcrpo creKaroulyro BHH3.
. 
tlacrl [ocryrraioqer? Ha peuuofi 6accefiH BoAbr, KoTopafi He yqacrByer
n SopnrnpoBaHHH croKa, npeAcraBrqer norep[ croxa [oJroBoAbs. K,uri"*IIOTCPflM OTI]OCflTC' HCNAPCHI,IC ,C TTOBCPXHO.CTI4 TAJIbIX BOA W CHE|A,uuQu.nlrpaqufl r.r aKKyMyJrrrrr.rrr (saAepNaHHe) eo4 Ha noBepxuocru 6ac-celiua..
HcnapeHue. B nepuoA cHeroraflHnff qacrb Ta,rrbrx BoA Teptercfl HaI{cllapellHe. O4rlonpeMellIIo npottcxoAuT Taxxe rrcnapeHHe c rroBepxHocrgcljera. O4ttaxo BeJIHqHIIa noTepb Ha Hcnapenue ue6o.rrlruafl, ta nlaroruarc-
(156)
I
il
t
d
{
t
l0l