Puc. 25. Cxeua QopnuponaHr.rrr JrHBHeBoro
naBoAKa (no H E. flonrony):
/- AoxAr; 2- ua,taaruas easai J- Sasa no4t-eMai 4 - @asa noJrnoro croia; 5 - @aea cnaAa.
KaHHU AolKAeBor? BoAbr co BceriuIoIqaAH 6accefiHa. flornoueHue BoAbI nor{Bori ilocrerreHHo yMeHbrrraercfl.3ra_Qasa 3aKaHq'Baercfl B MoMeHr npeKparqeH,fl Ao)KAfl.r{ernepran Qasa (cna4 [poAoJl]I(HTeJrbHocrurc ro)' npaaatuBJrrrer flB-JreHHe croKa rrocJre rrpeKparqeHHrr AoxArr Ao oKoHqaHvfl croKa.Tar Mo)Krro npeAcraB'Tb cxeMy QopvrvpoBaHHrr croKa npv ycJroB,aoAHHaKOBOfi ga BpeMfl AOIKAfl efo HHTeHCHBHOCTH r,1 paBHOMepHOfo pacnpe-
AeJIeFII4rl Ao)KAfl no nJloulaAH. B AeficrBHTeJIbHocrH flBJreHve AolKAeBorocroKa npoHcxoAHT 3HaI{fiTeJIbHO CJrO}Kr{ee Lr3-ga HepaBHoMepHocrr,r AoxAer.iH oxBara I4IIIH nJIoIrlaAH 6acceftHoe. Eonluiyro poJrb e npoqeccax croKaafparcT rpyHTbr (ux crpyxrypa, BoAonpoHurlaenaocrl), onp.4en"rourme ue-JII'IqI4Hy rtpocar{HBar.Hfl. Kponae roro, BeJrgqr.rHa [pocarrgBaHvfl 3aBr4cHToT npeArxecTByroqefi yBrax{HeHHocTH fpyHTa.
flo HccJIeAoBaHnnM H. E. f,o"nrona, noBepxHocrHuri croK B rolKHbrxpafionax Vxpauur'l o6pasyercff ToJIbKo rrpu 14HreHcr{BHocrH Ao>KAs 6o.nrue0,5 unluuH kr trptr o6urenr cJroe BbrrraBrrr{x ocaAKon.6onee l:S i4;. Ha6,rno]
AeHr'rflMH B Apyfr.rx Qrzsuxo-reorpasnuecKr{x pafiouax rroJryt1s115r npr{MepHoTaKue x(e BeJIHqaHu (15-20 nu) norepb ocaAKoB Ha cMarrgBaHHe norrBbrLr pacr6TeJlbHocrI4, Ha 3aIIoJIHeHHe yr"rly6nenufi. K nepeouarrafibHbrM 11o-TepflM orHocHTcs raKx{e l4cnapeHue BbrnaBlrruX ocaAKoB. OAHaxo BeJrr{-qHHa sTHX noTepb He3HaqI{TeJIbHa nO cpaBHeHHrO C npocaqHBaHHeM BOAbIB rpyHr.
Taxuv o6neennr rrA'Fn[r nna rlroo.r ^r^'a --^d.*-^*^-: ^-y-v-ijue_vryr, diuiurvr DLs \ijdl5Di uiuna luuiJi i. fiauJlioAaTbcF= ToJtbKo
npH AJrHTeJrbHbrx H 14HTeHCr{BHbrx Aox(,ux.
flpoua.. QopnaupoBallfl tloBepxHocrHoro croKa npu TagHlrv cHeraaHaJIorHrreH paccMorpeHHoMy. B nepBble MoMeHTbr raflHr4fl cHera Bcr BoAa
.,Ha.nnqlte npoMep3uero cJIofl rpyHTa vrr4 ile1nuofi xopxu B sHaqgTeJrb-HoIl cre[eHH yMeHblrlaer npocarruBaiue. B ornurrHe or.qoxlefi sau6oJrbuge
norepn Ha npocaquBaHue ua6nrcAarorcs B KoHqe cHeforaff Hr4fl,, a He B Ha_qaJIe.
94
H ep a anonaep Hoe s aJI eraHLIe crrera o6ycfl osn r.r Baer H3MeHSHH e Bo Bp eMeH HnJIolqaAH cHeroraflHIas. CuaqaJla cHer raer Ha oTr{pbrrbrx Mecrax r47rvr HatolKHblx cKJIoHax Bo3BbtlIeuHocreli, 3arer\,r cKorrHBrrruftcs, n rny6or<Hx rlo-HHIKeHHflX pe.nleQa up uaxoFreu, B sapoc.rrrrx r{ycrapHHKoB r{ Jreca.
KoaQ$uuueHr croKa or cHeror aflHvrfl o6rrqno bonrlrre xoe$frzugeHTa
croKa or Ao)r(Aefi. Ol.uaxo B lolKHbrx par?oHax r{HorAa Becb cHer crar4BaeT,Ile AaBafl crol(a. 3ro vo>Ner 6ltrs npli 3arrrx(rroM cHeroratrHuu, npg MaJIbtx3arracax cHera r4 ua c.na6o npoMep3uux rpyHrax.
TaNanl o6pasona, npa Bbt[aAeHr4H Aoxqer? Ltlru raflHr4rz cHera n Qoprraa-poBa[II4H noBepxHocrHofo crol{a npr'rrrr.iMaer yqacrHe To,rrbr(o rjeKoropaflrlacrb aruoc0epHblx BoA. ?rn ocahr<li (Ao>xAeBbre rzJrv cHeronue) Ha3brBa-lorcs aQQeN'rraeHbrMa LrJlH CIOXOO6pa3yrorrlnMr4. cyunrapHaa'Beilv!ffiHa
norepl aruoccpeprrbrx BoA ltpu r4x creKantr4 no nonepxHocra 6accer?ua uo_
XCT 6UrI BbIPA}KCHA XOAQ$UIIHCHTOM CTOKA N VilU B BHAC CJIOfl NOTCPb
Qil, JWlw'.
Bropar Sasa npoAonxaercfl
oT Harrala noflBIeHr{q nepBbtx
cTpyeK noBepxHocTHofo cToKa AoMoMeHTa noAxo,qa crpyfi K pac_
cMarpuBaeMoMy crBopy. Oro ua_qaJro noBepxHocTHOfO cToKa _
Qaaa noAteMa c npoAoJr)KrdreJrb-
Hocrbro rz. B gTor nepaoA npoAoJr-
)Kaercrr noinoqeuue BoAbr noqeor?"
Tperna $aza (npo4onNr4reJrb-
Hocrbro rr) npeActasJrfler co6ofi
flBJICHI{C NO,TIHO|O CTOKA TIPH CTC.
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't
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T== Ti a,.,:
Itr
l
It,t
t
x-lt,
r-Ae T - xoaQSHuHeHr croKa;
x - BbIcoTa cJroti BbtrIaBuHX OCaAr(OB;
h - srrcora cJrofl croKa.
BrrpaxeHue (142) nroxuo 3anacarb rail:
!: t- +: I -q.
(r42)
(r43)
lr
I.
ft
II
I
fio6enauue. ArnaocQepHbIe BoAbr rro noBepxHocrr.r 6accelina creKalor
B BI4Ae lte,rsqaflturHx v3BuJrHcrbIX pyuer:rxoe.,llo sruu pyuer?xau BoAa rerler
,\nuua nyrefi_ cf.[onoeono 4o6enaHHq He6oJrbrr]aff, r{aqe He npeBbrruaer
coreH MerpoB. Anilsa pycJloBoro 4o6eraur{fl Bbrpa}Kaercfl corHflMrr H Tbr-
cflqaMH KI4JTOMeTpOB.