YPABHCHI,Ifl BOAHOTO 6AflAHCA qCPCs A, A PACXOAHYIO qCPCS B, YPABHCHI,IO(91) no.nyllgr BHA:
A_B-=L Ltr/. (g2)
9ro coorHorrreH'e noKa3brBaer, qro [pHToK paBe'.orror{y np. Lv/:0,qrorcfl. KorAa AV>O (yporHia noBbr-)acxoAa BoAbr: A>8. KorAa LV<CI
hr.B osepo Merrbrrre pacxoAa: A<8"
)l) cnpaneA/ruBo Afifl croqnbrx o3ep.
,"_?{ltr.rs o3epa Hrersa crrer ".nuo."o#ttli35i,iJr"^t#'#?:.1"1t":"#::#;ypaBHeHr're BoAHOTO 6anasca npw orcyrcrBhu bnnarparruw BoAbr qepe3Jrox{e o3epa:
unp* U'npf k + x- E - *, LH .- , (gg)
flpuueuHTe"[bHo K MHOrOJrerHeMy nepil oAy Beflr.rquHa AH , xax r.rMeroqaflpasrHtlHble SHaKH, npeBpallaercfl B HyJrb, H ypaBHeHZe BoAHoro 6anaHcaosepa B MHono/rerHeM pa3pe3e npHMer BvlA Arn crorrHor.o o3epa:
g^n+ U'n, * E + * - Q", +i'", *D : 0,
o6yc.nonnusaercn reM, qro KaxAafl qac-
THqA BOAbI, tIOAHflTAfl BbIIIC CPCA.
Hefo ypoBHfl, cTpeMHTcf rroA BJTHflHHeM
cHJrbI Tflx{ecru onycrt4Tbcfl BHH3 u 6na-
roAapfl r,rHepqHH onycKaeTcf HHX{e 3To-
ro ypoBHfl kr r. A. K yKa3aHHoMy qr{cro
xone6areJrbHoMy ABHX(eHHro npacoeAr4-
Hfl ercfl cpaBHHTeJrbHo He6o.ntuoe nociy-
naTeJIbHOe ABH)KeHHe BOAbI, rOHztr,tOti
BerpoM. Tax o6pa3yercfl Bo.lHoo6pa3Hoe
Irleecf rro Mepe ycHileHHfl BeTpa.
IlI
I
Puc. 12. Cxeua eerponofi BoJlHbr:
J- nepuruua BonHbr; 2- nogoruaa BoJrHbI:Itr - Br,tcora Botubt; l, - Aauua eoJtHu.
ABr.ix(elrHe BoAbr, yBeJIHqHBaIO-
$ 8. BerpoBbre BoJrrrbr, eeilunr
,{,afixeHua BoAbI B o3epax Mofyr 6url nocryrrareJrbHbrMu (reueHrn)a rone6are/rbHbrMr{.
floctyuare.rlbHble ABH)I{eHHfl BoAHbrx Macc o3epa Bo3Hr,rKaror rroA Aeficr-BHeM Berp a (nerp onue reqeHu fl ) nnw_n p e3 yJrbrare Hep aBHoMep Hpro oxJrax(-
/qeHHfl H. HarpeBaHun Macc soArl. B nporoIIHbIX o3epax so-sr,roxHbr peq-HbIe reqetrn, o6paayroquecr BcJreAcrBae roro; rrro B Mecre B[aAeHr4fl peKHypoBeHb BoAbI O3epa noBblruaercfl, a y r4cror(a peKH noHHlKaercfl; co3Aaer-cfl yKJIoH no4nofi noBep_xHocrl.I, rlpzBo4rqzr? 
-n 
4naNeHHe BoAHbre Maccbrosepa. Taxue reqeHafl 6rrnarcr oqeHb cna6uvtu.
K xo"ne6are"flbHbIM ABLIx(enHflM BoAHbrx Macc o3epa orHocsrcr BerpoBbreBoJrHbt u cefirun.
.Betponsre BoJrHbr. klccneAoBaHHflMu ycraHoB/reHo, rrro ecJrr{ aru apuaoipasHoft nrorHocrH conpl4 Kacalorcfl Apyr c Apyrovr, To roJrbKo B cocro flrr'r4noKoff pa3Ae/IflIolqafl nx rloBepxHocr,l 6y4er nJrocKocrbr,o. Ec.nu )Ke xors6u o4ua H3 HHx ABl{x(ercfl, To pa3AeJlflIor{as Hx noBepxHocrb rrDHHr.Ii\,raer
nonuoo6pasHrrit xapaxrep. B cryqae B3aHMoAeficrsHs Mex(Ay noroKoM
Bo3.qyxa' To ecrb BerpoM_' H noBepxHocrbto o3epa - HLIxe rloBepxHocrH
pa3AeJIa Bo3HHKaer xo"rle6areJlbHoe ABI{x(eHfie r{acTurl BoAbr BBepx 14 BHH3no HeKoTophIM saMKHyrhIM TpaeKTopHfM. 9ro roae6ardnnHoe,U,Br4x(eHr{e
60
Berponaa B-oJIHa xapaKrepu3yercfl gJreAyrou{r{Mu aJreMeHraMH (puc. I 2) :
sHcruer? rou{ofi, Ha3brBaeuor? neprrruuoft u,rlH rpe6HeM BoJrHu, n uusruefi -
no4onnofi. PaccroqHue MeMAy ABy\{r nocJreAoBareJrbHbrMu rpe$HnMH v[rg
noAouBaMH AByx BoJIH Ha3btBaercr AnprHori BoJrHhr, a paccronHge no
Beprl.IKaJIH MexAy rpe6uerra u no4orueofi - Bbrcorofi sonuil. OrHoureHue
Bbrcorbr BoJrHbr K ee AJrr4He xapaKTepH3yer KpyrHsHy BOJrHbr.
I-lpoirlexyToK BpeMeHH, B TeqeHue Koroporo B_oJrHa npoxoAr{T nyir, panHgfi
ee AJIuHe, HocHT Ha3BaHHe rrepHoAa BoJrHbr. Paccrossr4e, npoxoAr{Moe Ka-
rofr-uu6y4l roqxofi BoJIHbI (Hanpurrrep, rpe6uerra) n e4nHrrUy BperueHr.r, Ha-
SbrBaeTcff cKopocTbro BoJrHbI.
!,.n4 onpeAeJleHvr Bblcorbl BoJrHbr, ur'lercu1efi 6ontruoe [paKTgqecKoe
sHaqeHne, cyqecrByer pflA aMruprqecKuX Soprvry"rr B 3aBHcHMocrH or AJTHHrIpa3roHa BoJrHbr r.r cKopocr?r Berpa, HarprrMep Qoprr,ryJr,a B. f. AHapeflrroBa:
h":0,0208a*p*, (e6)
rAe hn - Bblcora Bo;IHbt, Jtt;
D - AnHHa pa3roua BoJrHbr, KJyr;
BoAbI B o3epe. Cefimz o6pasyrorcr B pe3yJrbrare pe3Koro H3MeHeHHfl AaB-JIeHHII B pa3rHIII{bIX IIaCTflX O3epa, a raK}Ke npkr HailHqH[ pe3KHX CKaqKoB
BeJrHqr4Hbr H HanpaBileHkrn Berpa FraA o3epoM, BO3HHKaTOU{He, HanpHMep,
npH npoxo)KAeHHI{ IrI{KJIoHa. I-IonepxHocTb BoAbr-_o3epa npu ceriurax npn-
o6peraer yKJIoH ro B oAHy, ro B Apyryro cropoHy. HenoAeuxuas ocb, or{o/ro
6
Puc. 13. Ceriuru:
4 - oAHoyaJroBafl; d - goyxysaoaaa.
(e4)
a 'AJrfl 6eccroqHoro
B srn ypaBHeHHt
BoAHoFo 6alauca.
o3epa:
';
Unp* U"p* k* x- E - 0.
BXOATTT CpeAHHe MHoroJreTHr{eBCJIHIIHH'I 
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