4. Bocrbquocu6npcxr.lfi rHn (puc. ll, 4) xapaKrept't3yercflBblcoKHM
noJloBoAbervr, cHcTeMaTr{ qecKHMH JIeTHe-OCeHHHMH naBOAK aMH H OqeHb HH3-
KHM 3HMHHM cToKoM. 3ror rutt peK cBrr3aH c o6unrublMu Aox{AIMH JIeroM
I{ OCeHblO H OfpaHHqeHHOCTbn nOA3eMHOfO nHTaI{Hff.
5. A.rrrafrcxraft rnn (puc. I l, 5) ornuqaercfl HeBbrcoxllu,^pacrflHyrblM,
rpe6enuaroBuAHbrM rroJroBoAbeM, rroBburreHHbrM JIerHe-oceHHHM LI FIH3KHM
sHMHHM croKoM. Xapaxrep noJroBoAbrr peK aroro rHna o6yc"rron.nuBaercq
oco6eugocrrrMn Tafl,Hkrfl, cHera B fopax: nocrerreHHblM rpoABLIlKeHHeM o6na-
crn cHeroraflHLrfl H3.[oJrHH B Bo3BbrrrreHHbre Mecra. Ha cHeroBoe noJloBoAbe
HaxnaAuBarorcrr AolKAeBbre rraBoAKu. Vcroftqnentfi svMHVfr crox o6ycJIoB-
JIeH 3anaCOM IOA3CMIII)IX BOA.
Bropan rpynila peK - peKH c tIoJIoBoAbeM B renJlylo qacrb roAa - Ae'
JIHTCfl HA ABA TVfiA.
l. Aa,rrrrteBocroruu,tA 't'un (puc. I l, 6) HMeer pac'rtlHyroe, rpe6eHuaTo-
BHAHoe no,'roBoAbe vHH3KLrfi crox B xoJroAHoe [oJIyroAHe (euIt,lHnx ocaAKoB
3AeCb rurano) ; noA3eMHoe nHTa H He O rp aHHrreHo BCJIeACTBHe p aclpocTp aHeHH s
seqHor? Mep3Jlorbt.
2. TqHrurancxuti rrzn (prlc. lI,7), pacnpocrpaHenHrtfi B rcpax Cpe4ue|t
AsHn, Eo.ntruorb Kasxaea v Kauqarxu, orJluqaercfl or IIpeAbIAyuIero
6onee BbrcoKr4M 3r{MHHM cloKoM. flurasne peK aroro rnna - JIeAHHKoBoe.
Tperun rpynna peK - peKH c naBoAoqHbIM pelKHMoM - B 3aBHcHMo-
cTH OT XapaKTe[)a pacnpeAcJrerrHrr rraBoAKor] B Teqellhe roAa AeJIRTCfl IIa Tplr
TH NA.
l. flpaueprroMopcKui;i rran (puc. I I, 8) xapar(repH3yercl naBoAoqHbtM
pelKr4MoM B TeqeHr.re Bcero roAa. OcHosHurrvr Hcror{HHKoM trurarrfl 3Aecb
fBJrfloTcfl AOIKAH; r{acrHqHo rrr.rraHue npoHcxoAr.IT 3a cr{eT cHefa, xoropltfi
BbrnaAaer B ropax n -o6stqso 6ltcrpo raer.
2. Kplrucxrafr rurr (pnc. ll, 9) or.rruuaercfl or npeAblAyurero HH3KHM
cToKoM JrerHefo ce3oHa.
3. Cenepot{aBKa3cKvrfi rwn (pac. ll, I0) xapaKrepu3yercfl naBoAKaMI4
B TenJroe BpeMr n ycror?uueorl MelxeHbrc B xoJIoAHoe (no4seMHoe nt4TaHHe
He3Harrtrre"rrnHoe). Sror rHrt pac[pocrpaHeH B. Bocro.{Holi qacru ceBepHoro
cKJroHa Eonsutoro KanNasa
PaccuorpeHHbte AecflTb rnrroB yqr4TbrBaloT JII4IIIb ocHoBHbte, Han6onee
xapaKrepHbre rreprbl pe)KHMa pex 
-CCCP.
$ 4. Jlenonr,rii pex(r{M pen
Haqanou JreAoBoro pex(HMa npuHrrro cr{r,ITarb MoMeHT ycrofiuunoro
no HHX{eH r.r rI TeM fiep aTyp Bo3Ay x a IIH}Ke .HyJI fl ; KOHqOM - MOMeHT OqHUeHH fl
peKr.r oT JIbAa.
Becr gnrvrHnri rrepHoA AeJrr.rrcr Ha rpr4 xapaKTepHbte qacrn: saMep3aHue
peKr.r, JIeAocraB H BcKpblrHe.
3aruepsaune peKH. flpu norBlIeHVu orpuUaredTbHblx reMnepaTyp Bo3-
Ayxa HaqHHaeTcrr [pouecc oxJIa]KAeHgq rroBepxHocTHblx'cJIoeB BoAbI, Ha ee
noBepxHocTH rroflBJrrreTcf TaK Ha3blBaeMoe c a JI o - ToHKafl rIJIeHKa,
HMeroqaq BHA pa3Jrrarof.i NaacnqHori x{HAI(ocrH. O4HoepeMeHHo Bo3HI4KarcT
JreAoBbre o6paeoeaHnfl y 6eperon - s a 6 e p e I H, To ecrb IIorBJIflercfl
40
KopKa roHKoro JrbAa B THXHx 3aBoAflx 14 Ha yqacrKax co c.na6rrM Ter{eHHeM
LrlH lror.rrr.r crosqefi soAofi.
BtrnaAeuHe B oro BpeMrr o6u.nruolo cnera rrpHtsoAHT x o6paeoBaHulo rra
noBepxrjocTH BoAbr c H e )K y p br - KoMKoBarofo cKoureHHrr JrbAa co
crrer'OM.
BcneAcrnue ryp6yJreHrHolo reqeHurr BoAbr B pcKax npor4cxoAnr 6lrcr-
poe ilepeMerxzBaHHe BoAflHbrx Macc. lloarol,ly npu oxJIa)KAeHHH BepxHr.rx
cJroeB, HenocpeAcTBeHHo collpHKacarculHxct c xoJroAHbrM Bo3AyxoM, npo-
HCXOAHT nOCTereHHOe OXJIaX{AeHHe BOAbI BO BCeM )KHBOM CeqeHHH rrOTOKa.
flpra cu,rrsHoM oxJrax(AeHHH Bo3Ayxa reMrreparypa BoAbr MolKer 6rrrl 6nue-
t<oli x FlyJIIo H Aa)t(e HMerb orpttttareJlF,ttoe 3ttaqetttte; npottcxoAHT nepeox-
Jra)KAeHHe BoAbr, BbrpalKaroqeecfl JILITIIb B colbrx AoJrrx rpaAyca. flepeox.
ra)KAeHr.re BoAbr co3Aaer 6.nar-onpuflTHbre ycJroBr4s ,qrn o6pa3oBaHHfl BHyrpH
noTol(il I(pilcTa.n,[(.,u Jth,lla, KoTopl)le 3aTer,l o6r'e4lillflloTCfl n r'.nt,l6t.,t ry6uarofi
crpyKTypu. 3ru o6paaonaHufl Hocrr Ila3BaHHe B H y rp H B oA Ho ro JrbAa.
flo naepe pasBrrr4fl npo[ecca ,rrl4oo6paBoBaHufl Maccbr pbrxJroro ny6ua-
Toro JIbAa, o6pasoBaB[rerocg BHyrpH rroroKa, BerrJrbrBaror Ha noBepxHocrb.
Or conpur{ocrloBeHurr c xoJroA}tbrM Bo3AyxoM onrl cMep3arorcfl H H3 HenJror-
Hbrx, ry6uarux ilepexoAflT B nJlorHbte, KpucraJlJrrzqecKr4e.
Bcn,rlrstunfi nHyrpunoAHrtfi JreA, cHeN{ypa, caJro o6pasyrcr 6onturue
cKorrJreHl4 f ilb1a, rrJrbrByqero no peKe. 3ro nB.neHHe lroclrr lra3BaHue oceH-
rrcro JreAoxoAa.
OceHunri neAoxoA HHorIa conpoBox{Aaercfl 3 a r o p a M H - cKonJre-
ililcM B nolrepeqlroM cellelllllr perflr ItoBCI)xiloc'r'ilo|o r(pI.rcTaJtJIilrlect(ofo
JrbAa. 3aroplr Bbr3brBalor 3HaqHre,nlsuri noAbeM ypoBFrfl BoAbr ll o6nqHo
o6pasyrorcfl Ha cyxeuHrix yqacrKax peK, lra pe3KHX noBoporax per{H, y HC-
KyccrBeHHbrx coop yxeuu ft .
Bo nperrln JreAoxoAa BoAa Mex.Ay nd'rbrByutHMH JTbAHHaMH 3aMep3aeT,
yBeJrHrrHBafl ux pa3Mepbl; nJlaBaloql4e JIbADTHbI 3anoJrHsm 6o.ntuyro qacrb
rroBepxHocTH peKH.
JleAocran. C yne"rruqeHueM qr4c,ra r4 pa3MepoB JrbAr.tH cKopocrb ABr.r-
xeHur r4x yMeHburaercfl. B naecrax cyx(eHl4fl r4Ju4 Kpyroro noBopora peKr.r,
y ocrpoBoB HJIH HcKyccrBellHblx coopyxieHuli cxopocrb nJlbtByllux JTbAHH
sarvreAJrflercs. B ycJroBuflx oTpuuareJlbubrx reMneparyp Bo3Ayxa sro npr4-
BoAHT x 6ucrpoMy cMep3aHI4Io reArHbtx no.nefi u o6pasoBaHuro cnflouHoro
JleAflrroro [oKpoBa, HJrH JleAocraBa. 3arr,repsau]ie per{H rro ee AJIHHe npouc-
xoAHT HeoAHoBpeMeHHo. EcnH peKa nporeKaer B MepuAr4oHaJrbHoM Ha-
rrpaBJreHHH, To ceBeplrbre yqacTKH ee 3aMep3aloT paHb[re, qeM roxHbre.
floeepxuocrb JreAflHoro 'noxpoBa raKx{e He Be3Ae oAHHaKoBa: MecraMr.r
oH a rJr aAKafl , Mecrauu ga6.nloAalorcfl H a rpoMox(AeHn r JrbAoB,'l'opocbr.
I-IeNo'ropue yqacrKV peKH Ite 3aMep3aror B TerrenHe ncefi srar\4br HrIv 'ua-
crH ee. Taxue He3aMep3uue yqacrKu Ha3brBarcTcr roJrbrHbflMa. IIprzuHHa-
Mrl nx o6paaoBaHHfl sBJrfl-torcfl 6olrruue cKopocru TerIeHHfl, FranpHMep,
Ha noporax, BbrxoA B pycJlo orHocl4TeJrbHo renJlbrx noA3eMHbrx BoA, c6poc
B peKy rrpoMburrJleHHblx eoA. norbrHbu cnoco6crBylor o6paaonaHr.rro BHyr-
pHBOIHO|O JrbAa.
B nepuo4 JreAocraBa B peKax sa6nrcAarcTcfl BalKopu. 3 a x{ o p - sro
cr(oilJreHHe B )xHBoM ceqeHHH peKr.r 6o"uuurrx Macc BHyrplrBoAHoro JrbAa.
4l