Pnc. 6. flonepeuHtrfi paspe3 peuHofi Ao-
JII,IHbI:
/- MexeHHoe pycJro; 2- noftMa; 3- aan:rc!
BfiPti 1- ropeuHo,fi 6epen; 5 - uexeHuufi ypo.
BeHb BOAbI; 6- ypoBeHb BbrcoKt{x BoA.
Peqnaq Ao/IHHa B rlorepeqHoM cerreHnr.r (pac. 6) orpanuqeHa cK.[oHaMH
AB u c,Q (xopeHHbrMH oeperavz) u Auorra uiu noxeM E. o6H.rHoAHo 3a-
noJrHflercfl arrlrroBl/,eM, B KoropoM peKa npopa6arblBaer ce6e pycno. Pycno--
9To rlacTb Ao"rlHHbI, no Koropoltr ocyqecrBJlfleTcfl peuirorl croK. tlacrl pycJra,
rlo Koropotl reqer P_oAa B nepaoA Mex(er{v, HasbrBaercfl KopeHHbrM urrr Me-
)K€HHbIM pycJtoM. t{acrl AoJILIHbT, - Koropar nepHoAHr{ecKH saraflilr4Baercfl
eoAoft rIpH BeceHHLIX lo.[oBoAbflx vrnw naBoAKax, Ha3brBaercfl nofiueuHlrna
pycJroM unu nofiuor?. B AoJrHr{ax c uHpoKHM AHOM B pe3yJrbrare nos4efi-
ctBHfl peqHofo rroToKa o6pasyrorcfl per{Hbre Teppacbr.
Kportaq paccMoTpeuuofi cxeMbl, Bcrpeqarcrcfl H Apyrue QopvH perrHbrx
AoJrHH. Tax, B ropnofi MecrHocrr4 AoJrr.rHbr peK o6pasyror ofsecHue
cKJroHbr r4 ysKoe AHo (KaHboHbr, yu-ie"uln).
[Ilnpuna AoJrHHbr o6uqHo yBerurruBaercfl or BepxoBbeB peK K Hx Hu-
3oBbflM. ['"rry6uua AoJIHH Ll3MeHflercfl B rrrupoKnx npeAeJrax. B panHr.rHHbrx
pafionax ,qoJraHbr uerry6oxue, or HecKoJrbKHX AecflTKoB Ao 200-300 z;
B ropax rny,6una AoJrr,rH MolKer AoxoAHTb lo 2-4 rcn.
$ 4. tlnarr perrl
Peqsoe pycJro B rrJraHe lrMeer HsBHJtHcryro Qopvry. O6pasoBaHae Hs,ry-
qug o6tncHflercfl HaJIHTIHeM B BoAHoM noroKe qnpKyJrr{tlHoHHbrx, BHHTo-
o6paenrrx reqeHuft u Heycrofiqaeocrbro perrHoro pycJra.
klssunucran Qoprrra pycJra xapaKTepua gnn paBHHHHbrx peK, nporeKaro-
IIII,IX B cpaBHHTeJrbHo JrefKo pa3MbrBaeMbrx rpyHTax.
C ovepraHl4eM pycJla B rLrIaHe cBflsaHo pac[peAeJreur4e ero ray6aH. Pas-
I\{blBaloqafl AeflTeJlbHocrb rel(ytrax BoA Ha gaKpyrJreHufrx pexr,r o6uqso
6o.noule, qeM Ha rrpflMbrx yqacrKax. fny6oxue rracru pycra peKH, coorBer-
CTByIOIT{He H3OfHyTbIM B nJraHe yrracTKaM pycJra, Ha3brBaroTcfl rr JI e c a MH.
OruocareJrbHo nprMoJruHefiHue, c MeHbrrrEMlI r.ny6zHaMn, nepexoAHbre
YIIACTKI4 OT OAHOTO NJICCA K APYTOUY HASbIBAIOTCfl rIEPCKATAMI{.
Taxuu o6pasovr, peKa npeAcTaBJrfler co6ofi qepeAoBaHne nflecoB H nepe-
KATOB.
Pacnpe4eJleHl4e rny6uu B pyc/re xapaKTepfi3yercr rrvrHvrflMt paBHbrx
rny6zn, To ecrb Lr s o 6 a"r a M H. I-Inau pycJra s zso6atax crpoflT Ha oc-
HOBaHHLI AaHHbIX npoMepHblx pa6or. Bce zsMepeHHbre r.ly6nurr npuno4nr
K OAHOMy - Cpe3OrrHOMy - ypOBHrc H nO H?IM aHa.[OrHqHO rrOCTpOeHHro
ropH3oHTa.nefi npoBoAffT ugo6arlr.
Ha nnaue pycJla s Hso6arax BHAHo, rrro nepeKar HaxoAHTcfl MelKAy
saMKHyrbrMH JtHHHflMH 6onrurux r.ny6nu. Ecnu nHHHfl,, coeAr{Hflroular
caMble rry6oxue roqKu 'Arra peKH (Q a p B a r e p), nJraBHo rrepexoAaT
or oAuoro rJleca K ApyroMy (pac. 7 , a), To nepeKar HaobrBaror HopMaJrbHbrM.
Ec.nH nJIecbl cABHHyTbI orHocI4TeJIbHo
Apyr Apyra B nonepel{HoM HanpaBJIe-
nun, a-$apnarep npeAcraBJlfler co6oli
HCKpHBJIeHHyIO JIHH[4[O, noflyllaeTcfl
c4nuuyrufi repeKar (purc. 7, 6).
B panuuHHblx peKax c JIerKonoABHX'(-
HbrM AHoM Ha6"rrroAalorcr HeKoropble 3a-
KoHoMepHocrl4 MeMAy r.ny6lrHauu H
orIepraHuflMl4 peKH B tIJIaHe. jtu sanu-
CHMOCTH yCTaHOBJIeHbI B KO',HIIe npolx-
Jroro cro"lerxr QpauuyscKuM HH)KeHe- puc. T. fleperaru;
poM [I. @aprou B pe3yJlbrare Haryp' a - Hopuanrunt; 6 - c4"uuyruu.
Hbrx H aa6oparopHblx HccJIeAoBanuft:
l) uaxcurvrannHufi pa3MbIB (Hau6ontuan rny6nHa pycJla) Ha6nro4aercfl
He B Bep[u{He I,t3rH6a, a cMeuaercfl BHH3 no reqeHurc Ha oAHy rlerBepryto-
I{ACTb AJIIZHbI IIJICCA NJIrcC NCPCKAT;
2) n.rranuoMy rz3MeHeHuro KpHBH3Hbt coorBercrByer nJIaBHoe )Ke H3Me-
HeHr.re rry6r{H;
3) uerta 6onrure KpLIBI{3H4, TeM 6olsue u r.ny6nHa nJleca;
4) c ynel[qeuueM AJrHHbr xpunofi rpu AaHHofi ee KpLrBr{3He rny6una
cHar{ara Bo3pacraer, a noroM y6unaer.
3asHcHrvrocru Oapra noATBepxAarcTcs roJIbKo B Tex cJlyqaflx, KorAa
peKa rrpoxoAHT B oAHopoAHbrx rpyHTax. Teu se MeHee 3HaqeHHe Hx BeJrlrKo,
TaK KaK OHH AarOT OCHOBHyIO OpHeHTHpOBKy B nOAXOAe K H3yrIeHHlO IIpO-
ueccoB QopunpoBaHufl pycJla peKPI.
$ 6. tlpogomnufi npo$uua petlr
flpo4o,rrrnufi npoQuJrb peKH xap aKrepn3yercs npoQra"nnna 14 AHa peu nofi
AoJrr4Hbt u eoAuofi noBepxHocrlt.
Ha ocnoeaHVLr o6uupHnx uccJleAosaHl.Ifi pex CCCP sHAenserce rpu
ocHoBHbrx rkrfla npoAoJrbHslx npoQn,nefi peuuoro AHa: npoQz4r paBHoBecHfl,
npflMoJlr{Hefiuuli u c6poconuft (petc. 8),
flpo$u.rrl paBHoBecr4fl orJruqaercfl 3HaqllreJlruol xpyrusHofi B Bep-
xoBbflx peK H MeHbilrr,rMH yKJTOHaMH B HI,I3OBbflX. B HarraJrbHofi craAuu
Soprr,rrapoBalnfl npoAoJrbHoro npoQHJIfl peKH IiIFITeHcI,tBHo flpol,tcxoART npo-
ueccbr pa3MbrBa BBHAy oTHOCHTqIIUO 6OflUIO|O BO3BbI[reHHfl nOTOKa peKr{
ua4 6asucoM epo3uu. Ea3Hc apo-
3 H r.r - 3TO rOpHSOHTailbHaf -nJIOc-
KOCTb, npoxoAqrqas qepe3 HaHHH3-
rxyrc ToqKy peuuofi cucreMbr, Hr{x(e
xoropofi noroK He Mo)r{er yr'.rry6nnrr
cBoe JrolKe. nns p€K, BnaAarolrlux
B Mope HJrH o3epo, 6asucotvr gpoguu
sBJrfleTcr HX ypoBeHb, a AJlfl npnTo-
KoB - HanHr.r3tul,rfi yponeHr peKH B
Mecre BnaAeHHs npHToKa. Ouenuguo,
qro c noHHlKeHHeM taguca eposuH
Puc. B. f unn npoAoJlr,Hbrx npoQunefi per:
l-npo$u.nr paBHoBecnr; 2-npRuonunefiHufi;
3 - c6poconrtfi.
8l