TA 7 5 3 2 : W ater and Adaptation I nt erventions in Cent ral and W est Asia Part I - Execut ive Sum m ary & Clim ate Change 31 Ɏɢɝɭɪɚ 2-1. ɈɬɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟɥɟɞɧɢɤɨɜɜɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɦɌɹɧɶɒɚɧɟ, Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɬɚɧ, ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɩɨɫɥɟ 1940ɝ (Kutuzov&Shahgedanova 2009). dzȍȌȕȐȒȐ Ȋ ȋȖȘȈȝ ǺȧȕȤȀȈȕȧ Ȑ ǷȈȔȐȘȈ ȖȚșȚțȗȈȦȚ Ȑ ȚȍȔȗȣ ȖȚșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȊȈȘȤȐȘțȦȚ Ȋ ȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖșȚȐ ȖȚ ȘȍȋȐȖȕȈ Ȑ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ . DzȘțȗȕȍȑȠȐȑ ȚȍȔȗ ȖȚșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȉȣȓ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȍȕ Ȋ ǹȍȊȍȘȕȖȔ ǺȧȕȤȀȈȕȍ , ȋȌȍ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ ȖȓȍȌȍȕȍȕȐȧ șȖȒȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ 30-40% ȊȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ 20- ȋȖ ȊȍȒȈ . ǬȈȓȤȠȍ ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȒ Ȑ Ȧȋ ȚȍȔȗȣ ȚȈȧȕȐȧ ȓȍȌȕȐȒȖȊ ȉȣȓȐ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȍȍ, ȚȍȔ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ, țșȒȖȘȍȕȐȍȖȚșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧȓȍȌȕȐȒȈȉȣȓȖȖȚȔȍȟȍȕȖȊȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȔǷȈȔȐȘȍ ș 7,8% ȗȖ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȦ ș 1978-1990 ȌȖ 11,6% ȗȖ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȦ ș 1990-2001 ȗȍȘȐȖȌȖȊ. dzȍȌȕȐȒȐ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȐ 12,6% (0,33% / ȋȖȌ) Ȑȝ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐȏȈȗȍȘȐȖȌ 1965- 2003 ȋȋ. ǴȈȓȣȍ ȓȍȌȕȐȒȐ țȔȍȕȤȠȐȓȐșȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ, ȟȍȔ șȘȍȌȕȐȍ (Figure 2-1) ( Kutuzov & Shahgedanova 2009). ǩȣȓȖ ȗȖȌșȟȐȚȈȕȖ, ȟȚȖ ȓȍȌȕȐȒȐ Ȋ ȉȈșșȍȑȕȍ ǹȣȘǬȈȘȤȐ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȐ 14% ȖȚ ȖȉȡȍȋȖȐȝȖȉȢȍȔȈȏȈȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ 60 ȓȍȚ, Ȑ 15-40% ȖȉȢȍȔȈȉțȌȍȚȗȖȚȍȘȧȕȖ Ȋ ȉ ȓ Ȑ Ȏ Ȉ ȑ Ƞ Ȑ ȍ 4 0 ȓ ȍ Ț ( S i e g f r i e d e t a l . , 2 0 1 0 ) . Ǫ ȥ Ț Ȗ Ȕ Ȍ Ȗ Ȓ ȓ Ȉ Ȍ ȍ Ȕ ȣ ȉ ț Ȍ ȍ Ȕ ȔȖȌȍȓȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȖȟȕȖ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤ ȗȓȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȓȍȌȕȐȒȖȊ Ȋ ȉȈșșȍȑȕȍ ǨȘȈȓȤșȒȖȋȖȔȖȘȧ. ǸȈȉȖȚȈ ȗȖ ȔȖȌȍȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȦ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȍȒȚȍ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȚ , ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȑȌȍȚ ș ȓȍȌȕȐȒȈȔȐ Ȑ șȚȖȒȖȔ Ȋ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȐȍ 40 ȓȍȚ. Ǫ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȔ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȕȖ, ȟȚȖȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȍȓȍȌȧȕȣȍȠȈȗȒȐȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȊǺȧȕȤȀȈȕȍȐșȟȍȏȕțȚ , Ȉ Ț Ȉ Ȓ Ȏ ȍ Ș ȍ ȏ Ȓ Ȗ ț Ȕ ȍ ȕ Ȥ Ƞ Ȑ Ț ș ȧ ȓ ȍ Ȍ ȕ Ȑ Ȓ Ȗ Ȋ Ȉ ȧ Ț Ȉ ȓ Ȉ ȧ Ȋ Ȗ Ȍ Ȉ ( F i g u r e 2 - 2 ) . Ǫ Ȉ Ȏ ȕ Ȗ ȖșȖȏȕȈȊȈȚȤ, ȟȚȖ ȗȖȚȍȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȒȓȐȔȈȚȈ Ȑ ȚȈȧȕȐȍ ȓȍȌȕȐȒȖȊ țȎȍ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ, ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȗȖșȓȍ 1940 ȋȖȌȈ. ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ, ȟȚȖșțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚȚȍȕȌȍȕȞȐȧțșȒȖȘȍȕȐȧ ȚȈȧȕȐȧȓȍȌȕȐȒȖȊ.