TA 7 5 3 2 : W ater and Adaptation I nt erventions in Cent ral and W est Asia Part I - Execut ive Sum m ary & Clim ate Change 29 2 . ǫǶǸǵǨȇǹǸǭǬǨ 2 .1 . ǫȍȖȋȘȈȜȐȧ ǫȖȘȣ ǾȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȑ ǨȏȐȐ ( ǺȧȕȤȀȈȕȤ Ȑ ǷȈȔȐȘ ) ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȋȍȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔȐ (540 - 250 Ȕȓȕ. ȓȍȚ). ǶȕȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ , ȖșȚȘȖȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȍ, Ȑ ȒȘțȚȖșȒȓȖȕȕȣȍ . ǹȈȔȣȍ ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ ȗȐȒȐ Ȋ ȉȈșșȍȑȕȍ ǨȘȈȓȤșȒȖȋȖȔȖȘȧȥȚȖǺȧȕȤȀȈȕșȒȐȍȋȖȘȣ ȟȈșȚȖ 4000 - 5000 Ȕ Ȑș 7000 Ȕ ȗ Ȑ Ȓ Ȉ Ȕ Ȑ. ǫ Ȗ Ș ȣ Ƿ Ȉ Ȕ Ȑ Ș Ȉ Ȋ ȉ Ȉ ș ș ȍ ȑ ȕ ȍ Ǩ Ș Ȉ ȓ Ȥ ș Ȓ Ȗ ȋ Ȗ Ȕ Ȗ Ș ȧ Ȋ Ȓ ȓ Ȧ ȟ Ȉ Ȧ Ț Ȋ ș ȍ ȉ ȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȐȒȖȊ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȉȖȓȍȍ 7000 Ȕ. ǹȈȔȣȑ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȗȐȒ - ȥȚȖǰșȔȈȐȓȈǹȖȔȖȕȐ ( ȉȣȊȠȐȑȗȐȒDzȖȔȔțȕȐȏȔȈ) ȊȣșȖȚȖȑ 7495 Ȕ. dzȍȌȕȐȒȐȊȉȈșșȍȑȕȍ ǨȘȈȓȤșȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȦȚ 18128 ȒȔ2, , ȐȐȋȘȈȦ ȚȖȕȐ Ȋ Ȉ Ȏ ȕ ț Ȧ Ș Ȗ ȓ Ȥ Ȋ ȋ Ȑ Ȍ Ș Ȗ ȓ Ȗ ȋ Ȑ Ȑ, Ț Ȉ Ȓ Ȓ Ȉ Ȓ Ȗ ȕ Ȑ ȗ Ȗ ș Ț Ȉ Ȋ ȓ ȧ Ȧ Ț Ț Ȉ ȓ ț Ȧ Ȋ Ȗ Ȍ ț Ȑ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍȏȈșțȠȓȐȊȣȝȓȍȚȕȐȝȔȍșȧȞȍȊ. ǫȖȘȕȣȍȓȍȌȕȐȒȐȊȒȓȦȟȈȦȚȊșȍȉȧ: 1) ǵȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȓȍȌȕȐȒȖȊȣȍ ȞȐȘȒȐ, ȗȖȒȖȧȡȐȍșȧ ȕȈ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȒȘțȚȣȝ ȋȖȘȕȣȝ șȒȓȖȕȈȝ; 2) ǩȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȓȍȌȧȕȣȍ ȠȈȗȒȐ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȋȖȘȕȣȍ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȣ , șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȍ ș ȌȖȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȓȍȌȕȐȒȈȔȐ , țȏȒȐȍ Ȑ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȧȏȣȒȐ ȓȤȌȈ , șȚȍȒȈȦȡȐȍȊǷȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍȌȖȓȐȕȣ. ǷȘȖȞȍȕȚȕȖȍ șȖȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ ȖȓȍȌȍȕȍȕȐȧ ȌȊțȝ ȊȖȌȖșȉȖȘȕȣȝ ȉȈșșȍȑȕȖȊșțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȖȚȓȐȟȈȍȚșȧ. dzȍȌȕȐȒȐǨȔțǬȈȘȤȐȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȍȚ 15500 ȒȔ2 (2% ȖȚȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ) Ȑ 1,800 ȒȔ2 - ǹȣȘǬȈȘȤȐ (0,15% ȖȚȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ). ǹȈȔȣȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍȓȍȌȕȐȒȐȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧȊȋȖȘȈȝǷȈȔȐȘȈȊǺȈȌȎȐȒȐșȚȈȕȍ. dzȍȌȕȐȒȐ ȚȘȈȕșȗȖȘȚȐȘțȦȚ ȌȍȉȘȐșȕȣȍ ȖȚȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ , ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȉȘȈȏțȦȚ ȔȖȘȍȕȣ Ȋ ȉȖȒȖȊȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȧȔ ȓȍȌȕȐȒȈ. ǩȖȒȖȊȣȍ ȔȖȘȍȕȣ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȒȘȈȧȓȍȌȕȐȒȈ. ǺȍȘȔȐȕȈȓȐȓȐȊȒȖȕȍȞȔȖȘȍȕȣȜȖȘȔȐȘțȦȚșȧȊȗȖȌȖȠȊȍȐȓȐ ȏȈȊȍȘȠȈȦȡȍȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȓȍȌȕȐȒȈ. ǹȘȍȌȐȕȕȣȍ ȔȖȘȍȕȣ ȖȉȘȈȏțȦȚșȧ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȊȈ ȘȈȏȕȣȝȗȖȚȖȒȈȓȤȌȈ, ȚȍȒțȚȊȖȌȕȖȔȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ , ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȧȦȚșȧșȉȖȒȖȊȖȑ ȔȖȘȍȕȖȑ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȈȧ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȈȧ Ȋ șȖȊȖȒțȗȕȖșȚȐ ȖȉȘȈȏțȦȚ ȔȖȘȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȖȓȍ Ȋ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȚȖȒȖȊ. ǪȣȠȍ țȗȖȔȧȕțȚȣȑ ȓȍȌȕȐȒȖȊȣȑ ȔțșȖȘ Ȕ Ȗ Ȏ ȍ Ț ȉ ȣ Ț Ȥ Ȗ ȟ ȍ ȕ Ȥ Ț Ȗ ȓ ș Ț ȣ Ȕ ȉ ȓ Ȑ ȏ Ȓ Ȗ Ȓ Ȓ Ș Ȉ Ȧ ȓ ȍ Ȍ ȕ Ȑ Ȓ Ȉ, Ȑ ȥ Ț Ȗ ȗ Ș Ȑ Ȋ ȍ Ȍ ȍ Ț Ȓ ȏȈȔȍȌȓȍȕȐȦ ȚȈȧȕȐȧ ȓȤȌȈ . ǷȖșȒȖȓȤȒț ȓȍȌȕȐȒȖȊȣȑ ȧȏȣȒ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȔțșȖȘȖȔ, ȚȘțȌȕȖȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ, ȋȌȍȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧȍȋȖȜȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑȒȘȈȑ. 2 .2 . ǹȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȚȈȧȕȐȧȓȍȌȕȐȒȖȊ ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȜȈȒȚ , ȟȚȖ ȓȍȌȕȐȒȐ ȌȖșȚȐȋȓȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȔȈȒșȐȔțȔȈ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȞȍȕȍ 1850- ȝ ȋȖȌȖȊ Kutuzov&Shahgedanova 2009). Ǫ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȍ ȓȍȌȕȐȒȖȊ ȒȖȕȍȟȕțȦ ȔȖȘȍȕț, ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȡțȦ ȔȈȒșȐȔȈȓȤȕțȦ ȗȘȖȚȧȎȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȓȍȌȕȐȒȈ, ȔȖȎȕȖ ȧșȕȖ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ Ȋ ȌȖȓȐȕȈȝ. dzȍȌȕȐȒȐ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȘȍȈȋȐȘțȦȚ ȕȈ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȍ ȒȓȐȔȈȚȈ ( ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȚțȘȈ, ȖșȈȌȒȐ, ȊȓȈȎȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȖȉȓȈȟȕȖșȚȤ). ǭșȓȐ șȕȍȋȖȗȈȌ ( ȕȈȒȖȗȓȍȕȐȧ), ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȦȡȐȑ șȖȝȘȈȕȍȕȐȍ ȓȍȌȕȐȒȖȊ șȖȒȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ, ȐȓȐ ȍșȓȐ ȍșȚȤ țȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȚȍȘȐ ȓȤȌȈ ( ȈȉȓȧȞȐȧ), ȥȚȐ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȣ ȗȘȐȊȍȌțȚ Ȓ șȗȈȌț ȓȍȌȕȐȒȈ ȐȓȐ ȖȉȡȍȔț ȐșȚȖȕȟȍȕȐȦ ȔȈșșȣ ȓȤȌȈ ( ȐȓȐȚȖȐȌȘțȋȖȍ), ȒȈȒȗȘȈȊȐȓȖ, ȊȚȍȟȍȕȐȍȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝȓȍȚ . Ǫșȍ ȓȍȌȕȐȒȐ ȐȔȍȦȚ șȊȖȦ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȌȐȕȈȔȐȒț, Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȖȉȡȐȔ, ȟȚȖ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȑȝ ȒȘȈȍȊȣȍ ȟȈșȚȐ ȖȚșȚțȗȈȓȐ, Ȉ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȓȐ. ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȌȕȐȒȖȊ ȐȔȍȓȐ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȣșȚȘȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ , ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȖȋȖ șȒȈȟȒȖȔ. ȅȚȐȓȍȌȕȐȒȐȌȍȔȖȕșȚȘȐȘțȦȚȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȍȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ, ȗ Ȗ Ȓ Ȉ Ȋ Ȍ Ș ț ȋ Ȗ ȕ Ȑ ȕ ȍ ȕ Ȉ ȟ Ȑ ȕ Ȉ Ȧ Ț ț ș Ȓ Ȗ Ș ȧ Ț Ȥ, Ȉ ȏ Ȉ Ț ȍ Ȕ Ȋ Ȗ ȏ Ȋ Ș Ȉ ȡ Ȉ Ȧ Ț ș ȧ Ȓ ș Ȋ Ȗ ȍ Ȕ ț