rJlABA 23
BbIFOP OCHOBI-IHX NAPAMETPOE r3C H rA3C
23.1. O5U{HE nOnO}+(Et-tHg
K ocHoeFIbIM napaMerpaM rnApo3rreprerH,recxoir ycraHoBKH (f3C,
fA3C), Koropue o6ocnoBuBarorcfi B npoqecce npoeKTHpoBalrnfl, or.
HocflTCfl: orMerKa HfiV, no"nesHurir o6tev n rly6nHa cpa6orKH BoAo-
Xp.aHETIH LI{a ; ycTa HOBJIeHH a fl Mou{Flocrb, o6ecneqeH}locTb orr ep rooTAa -
{H, TexHHqecKHe,[,aHHbIe ocHoBrroro 3HepreTtrriecKoro o6opyloBaHHt
H BoAoiipoBoAflurnx coopvrxeulrfi .
I'IslreHeHaq Kax(:,oro H3 3THX rrapaMeTpoB BJH.fltoT Ha oHepreTH-
qecKHe lr 3KoHoMHqecKHe noKa3areiiH fHt,poy3Jra. 3 n e p r e T r{ q e-
c K H e II o K a 3 a T e .r't H - .vou{Hocrb n Bbr,paSorxa S,rreKTpogHepftrH-
ofrpef,eJfror 3HepferHqecxnfi eQrQexr f3C B cHCreMe, ieqsaHHHe c
HPlMll 3KOHoM HqecKHe II o K a 3 a TeJ'I H-KaIIHT?.iloB"rioXeHHt
H _H3.1epiliKH - OTpaxralOT e.d,HHoBpelleHHble H TeKyrr(tie 3aTpaTbt, He-
o6xo,1u-nbre rJrs coopyiKeHtifl r.r gKcrtnyarar{HH o6texra
Bo6op onruilaltbHozo sHq.qeHLrfl rcouc)oeo nepa,Herpa nporcBoour-
cfr. naTe'rl cpaSHeHun sapuaHToS Ha ocHoSe TexHuKo-SKoHottuqectcux
pacqerol u BcecropoHHeeo aHcr/tusa Qarcropol, ne noddanLqttxcn sKo-
Ho'|tuttecKu,lt oqeHgarlt. OcHoeF{otNI pacr{eTHbtu \{eToAOM, HCIno,'Ib3ye-
MblM nprl eu6ope IapaMeTpoB rH-r.p03iieprerriuecroft ycTaFroBK]r, r{B-
rffeTcfl MeTo:t cpaBlrr('r ertHoir 3KoHolrHqecKoir e$-
Q e x rrr B rr oc rrr (cn. r.n. 21).
Kpurepuelr onrHMaflbHocrH lrc6oro tla.pa,Merpa fSC rrBJrfiercn
MHHHMyM qe,'Ieeofi QyHKTIHH, KoTopar Aonx{Ha BKJrro{iarb
FIe ro./'rbKo 3arparbr no npoeKTHpyeMoMy rrfllr saMeHfleMoMy o6texry,
rlo raKX{e H H3MeHeHHrr 3arpar lio r,pyrHM o6texrav HapoAHoro xo-
gsficrea, eBflsaHHbrM c ttpoexrHpyeMbrM. B saaucHMocrH or BH-q,a ila-
paMerpa H yciroenft, e Koropbrx 6y4er pa6orara npoeKrHpvevufi rnA-
poyse"{ {xolrnaexcHoe HJrH qHcro 3HepreTKr{ecKoe H.a3HaqerrHe, B Kac-
Ka.q,e Hr'rr-r H3oJrHpoBaHHo rr r. l:), crpyKTypa ue,resofi QyHxuupr 6yle.r
p a3n H.IHoft. Ta r, Aitff 3HepreTgr{ecKoro rHIpoy3J1a, p a6ota rcu{ero' H3o-
JTr{poBaHFro, T. e. He B KacKaIe, rleJreean QynKuHrr rrpeAcraBJrfleT co-
6ol"r cyr.rMapHbIe npHBeneHHbre 3arparb{ no 3HeprocHcreMe c 'BKJrroqe-
Hrier{ B .}ree AaHuori f3C HJrH 3aMerrqFoureir 3JreKrpocraHrlHH.
OcHoeHofi npHHqHn MeroAa cpaBHlirenenofi e$QeKTrrBHocrH - ToxAecrBeurocrb
cpaBHHBaeMbrx BapHaHroB ilo MarepHanbgoMy sQ0exry, T. e. coxpaHeHHe npn ocy-
u{ecrBxeHltu arc6oro H3 cpaBHHBaeMbrx BapHaHroB 3aAaHHoro yponHn MaTepHanbfloro
dalanca B HapoAHoM xoeqftcree. B pacuerax 3Heprerrrr{ecxnx o6texroe 9To o3na-
saeT, qTo cpaBHHBaeMHe BapHaHTbr Aon)KHH paccMaTpHBaTbcfl B ycnoBH.f,x oAtrr{aKo-
Boro ypoBrrg sneKTponorpe6aeHnff I{ Harpy3r(H 3rreprocr-rcreus. OAnsaxoaofi AoJrxHa
6urt Hagexnocrb SneKTpocna6xieunq. Pexlrllur pa6oror sreKrpocranqnri s guepro-
cHcreMe Ao,'lxHbt 6ulrt ontttManbilblMH.
BapltaHru, orJurtrarou{recq Apyr or Apyra napaMerpay}r npoeKTrrpyeruoro o6r-
€KTa,.{O.{)'KHrrr npilBoAr'trbcfl K oAuHaKoBol\{y 3HeprerrrqecKo}ry sQSeKTy.
Tax, ecau o6ogHa,ltttb Harpy3t(v gileproclrcrelrbr ra coBper{el{Hon{ ypoBrre Ps, d Ha-
430
rpy3Ky [ta nepcrleKrr-lBHorr pacqerHo.\r !'poBne P1, ro noKpbrrlte nprrpocra trarpy3Klr
B 3aBHCHMocrH or naoaverpa f3C (rranpn;vrep, ycraHoBirerlroir Nroulrrocrn) uotilro
npeAcrasrms rpaQnxov ua pnc. 23.1.
B o6ute:vr cJ'Iyqae sacrb nprrpocra Harpy3r{lr Mo:lier 6urt noxpblra npoeKT}rpye-
Uor? f3C #feC, a ocTaxbllafl qacrb - .lpytuMH npoeKrilpyeMHyH 3.,1€KrpoCraHUHn-
MH 3ueprocHcreMbt, B ToM rrnc,'r€ 3a\{brKat'oltlH]rH 3Heprertrqecxlni 6anaHc 3treprocrr-
creMH.3rtt a,rexrpocrarrulr B corrocraBl{Te,,rbr{brx pacrrcTa.\ rrcfloJb3yrorcff B Iiaqe-
crse o6rcxroB, 3alreusevor.r f3C.
L{en nenuue 3HaqeHrre napaNterpa Y, Teu 6or'rsure .lo.qxHa 6urr Aono.lHfltouan
Itoulilocrb i\'.on 3a,vuKarculilx (salrerrne;rrutx) elerrpocraxuHri 3rreproclrcreltb{. nprr
Italt6o,tsuteu 3uaqeHHH napa!rerpa Y f3C noKpbrBaer nprrpocr Harp\'3iirr, paerrurii
Pz-Po. Tanltlt o6pasov, Ka;*(AoMv 3Harrenlrlo f cooreercrtsyer cBoe coqeraHrre Motrl-
Hocrefi npoeKTHpyeuori f3C u 3alro{fle:\{brx 3,reKTpocraHquir, paBHoe B c}'}t}re np}r-
pocry Harpy3r(H Pz-Po. AHa.nornquLile paccy)KAerrl{fl ort{ocflTcr H,K npou3BoAcrBy
3neKrpo3Hepnr{ rr-
Taxoe Bb,{paBHHtsaHH€ Bs;p}raHToB no oHeproorAaqe 3a cqeT.4odan-
JIeHHfi K [rpoeKTHpye-!{ol1 f3C MorrlHocrH H Bbrpa6orxH AononHrrotrIHX
(saveHre.vr,rx) 3JIeKTpocrattqsrl, Ha3brBaeMoe n p H B eA e H H e B a-
pHan.ToB x o.LHHaKoBoMy oHeprerirqecKoMy 3Q-
Q e x T y, ffBJIfleTcfl ocHoBHbrl.r ycnoBr.{eM conocTaBr{Mocrr{ BapI{aHT9B
npu ou6ope napar{erpoB MeroAoM cpaBHHTeibHoir :QQexrnBHocrH.
Kax<.r,ouy coqeTaltHlo Molqlrocrefi H aorpa6orxu 3.,'teKT,p03ireprHrr
cooTBeTcTByroT CyMMapHbre 3aTpaTbI no 3HepfocHCreMe
S:ci:3rsci *Soon;, (23.1)
rAe Srsc, - 3arparbr rro BapHatrry i ,npoeKrHpyevoir f3c; Saon i-
3arparbr no ronoJrHrrorqer'l Morqrrocru H .Bbrpa6orxe B BapHaHTe i.
[Io Mepe noBbrrrreHHrr napaMerpa fOC nepBoe cJraraeMoe 6yaer
pacrrr, a BTopoe - yMerrbuarbcrr. OnrHuaJrbHbrM 6yeer napaMeT.p
f3C Y, npH Koroporvr uereBarr (rynxunn - cyMMa 3arpar no 3Hepro-
cHcreMe - 6yner MHHHMarsHoir (psc. 23.2).
L{acro KpHBar 3'.:l(X) HN{eer BecbMa no./ToryFo 3o}ry MHrrHMaJrb-
llblx sltaqeilHii cyllltapHblx 3aTpar, qTo 3arpyAHffeT BbrrrBJreilHe onrH-
v
Prrc. 23.1. Cxelrra noKpbrrHfl Ha-
rpy3r(H cricTe}.lbt npH H3MeHCHHH
rrapa Merpa
Yont Y
Pv.c. 23,2. Cxerta eu6opa onru-
bianbHoro napaMerpa f3C no
MHHHN{yMy 3arpar B cHcTeIIe
Nrtt= P2- Po
431