flpllee4elrHL,re sa
K & I] HT ?"[ OB /I O )K C TJ H'I
Qopuyne
rAe
nepHoA CTpOIiTerTbcTBa H oCBOeHHff yAeJrbribre
B Te[r,'IOBy]O 3r'ieliTpOCTaHI{HIO OIIpeAejIflIOTCfl nO
ftrac : prac€rec, (2t.22)
(21.23)
kl rcc : Vrai H-rEc, (2r.2+)
(21.25) -
)r{e o6beMoB, cocTaBa 14 qacToTbr nepeBo3oK, KoTopbre MofyT 6strs Ao-
cTHrHyTbr flpH ocyilIecTBJreHlrH BoAoxo3fliicreeHHoro KoMnfieKCa.
HaN6onee BepofiTr-rbrM ripoeKTHbIM perueHHeNI, c KoTo'pbrM npoH3-
BOAHTCfl COIrOCTaBJreHI.ie 3KOHOMTIqeCKOfG e$QeXra OT CO3AaHHrr fHA-
poy3Jra AJrfl BoAHoro TpaHCfropra, flBJrflroTCfl B0Ar.rbre rrepeBo3KH npH
cyAoxoAHbrx ycJroBHffx, KOTopbre sKoHoMHqecKH qeJrecoodpa3Ho o6ec-.
neqHBaTb 6es coe'A aH:Hfl, 11-rAPoy3,ila Ha paccMaTpHBaeMylo flepcrreKrH-
BY, r. e. B ycJroBHffx cBo6oAHoli pexn HJIH ycJIoBHflx, AocrllrHyrbrx Ha
rrpeAbiAyrqeM 3TaIIe fH/TpoTexHHqecKofo cTpoHTe,,'IbcTBa.
Kax [paBHJro, sra nyreBbre ycJroBH.f xap aKTepH3ylorcr MeHbr.rIH-
MH ra6apHTaMH CyAOBO|O XOIa, AOnyCKaIOU{HMH 3KCIIJIyararIHrO Cy-
AOB MeHbur.lx pa3lrepoB H fpy3onoA'beMHocrH. llpH 3aMeHfleMoM Ba-
pHaHre o6ecneqeHrie B0I.Hbril'r rpaHo[oproM pacqeTHor-o rpysoo6opora
B o6teue, oflpeAeJieHHoM AIrn Kovtfl"rreKcFIoro perueHHfl, Mox(eT oKa-
3arbcfl Meliee ueJrecoo6pa3Hbr){, qe}r HCrorb3oBa[{He ApyrHX BHAoB
rpaFrcnopra (xenesHoropolKr{oro, rpy6onpoBof,Horo H rp.). I-ioarouy
B 3aMeHfleMOM BapHaHTe Hapr-ly C BOIHbrlrH BOSMOX(Hbr nepeBO3KH
H ApyfHMH BH.4aMH rpaHcropra.
B cpaBHHBaeMbrx BapHalrrax AoJIx(Hbr 6nrr yrrreHbi KanHTairbHbre
H 3KC[nyaTaIIHOHHbre 3aTpaTbr Ha BCe BOAHOTpaHCnOpTHbTe ]reponpHfl-
THfl, Heo6xoAuraue Anfl ocBoeHHr HaMeqaeMoro Ha ttepcireKrHBy o6r-
elra nepoBO3oK . (Qnor, ueQru, iloprbr-npHcraHH, cyAopeM oHrubre lrpeA-
np HflTH.fl, CBfl3b)
Ce.nucxoxossficrseHHbre MeponpHflTtfl. E ng MeJrHopauH,H cerbcKo-
xossficreeHubrx reppuropltfr B KaqecrBe aJ-IbrepHarHBFIbIX MoryT pac-
cr\{ arp HBarbcr npocrbre BoAo3a6op Hbie iLToTH HbI HrrH oAlror{e"rTeBbre
rH!,pO!3;'Ibl OpOtxellHfl Ha TOM }{{e BOAOTOKe, HO C IIOIIll]KeFIFibIMI-l iTa-
paMeTpaMH, rrciroiTb3yeMbrlrr{ JrHr.rb AJrfl Hyx,q, ceJlbcKoro xossiicrea.
B nexoropblx cryt{aflx B KaqecrBe 3aMeHfeMoro IoJIXret{ paccMaT'
pHB_arbcfl nogosa6op H3 peKH 6es reperopali{HBa}oqHx coopyxesurl.
Eas oueHKH :QQexrnBHocrH MeJrHoparHBHb{x Mepofipiisruft e He-
KOTOpbTX Cflyqaflx MO)KHO rrpoH3BOAHTb CpaBHeHHe C BapHarrTaMH OpO-
llleHHfl CTapO11aXOTHbrX 3eMeJIb rrJrH HOBbIX Ue"lHFrHbtX 3eMeJIb.
B xaqecrBe a,'ibrep I'raraBHbrx Mepoflp Hqruir Moryr p a ccM arp]iBarb-
cfl BapHanTbr o6sof,rrerrHq nacr6nut B ApyrHX pafionsX H;tH HcrroJ'rb3o-
BaHHfl, AJfl 3THX uerel:r noA3eMHbrx Bor.
6opu6a c HaBoAHeHufltvrr. Ec"rrH rHApoy3en BbrnoJrHfleT QyHxulrur
3aIqHTbI OT HaBOrlHeHHfi, tO n KaqeCTBe aJIbTepHaTHBbt AOIX(HO paC-
cMaTpHBaTbcfl: coopyx{eHHe cnei{HaJrbHHx npoTHBorraBoAKoBbrx BoAo-
xpaHHJIHIII, 3aU{HTa AaV6arrrx TeppHrOpUfi, noilBepxreHHbrx saToliJre-
HtrIflM, BbIHOC O6reXrOe H3 3aTO[nseUOfi 3OHbr ,ng6O JTHKBHAaT{Hfi 3THX
o6terroe H KoMrreFrcaqxs repnevoft B pe3yrbrare Haeogueuufi npo-
Ayi(qHH myreM coopyxeHHff HoBbrx o6beKToB Ha He3aroirJrner,roft rep-
pHropHH.
I-Ipn HeBo3Mox(Hocrri o['peAeJreHHfi anbrepHarHBHofo MeponpHq-
THff no 6opn6e c HaBoAHeHHrrMri B 3aMeHrreruoM BapHarrre AqrrycKaer-
cr yqHTbrBarb cpeAHeMHoroJrerHroro BeJrHqHHy yUep6a oT HaBoA-
neH nft.
) ft,rr. (1 + E"'n;-o-'
I tJv-' 'v- 
| a,vrr.6 (l -F E*.n)-u-t
E &,rec p,
A,V1136 pr
T
34ecs Frec - xosQQHI{Henr, xapaKreprrsyloqHri coorHorr1eHHe
!Ie)+.-l'y fi,pll_Be-lelIIIblMIi Ii QaKTHqecKI.IN,Ii.t y-TeJIbHbrMH KaiIHTafloBJ,Iox(e-
HHI^yH e T3C, krec- QaxrlruecKHe y.r,eJlbHbre KannTairoB"rrolKeHafi
B T3C, gi - xoacbf,aupieHi flpHBej1eHrifl; h,-rec - ^unrt*oB.qolKe-
l{rifl s T3c no rof,a}r crpoHre.rbcrBa , clo; A:v113a ---- nDrrpocr BBo-
.da p?cfio;laraeuoir MorqHocrH, 0lo, H2 T3c B fOA I no cpaeHeHHro
c roAoM (/- 1) .
. ExeroAHbre rr3rep;*ir(H ro npoii3BOACTBy s,,,reKTp03HeprHH Ha 3a_
MeHfleMort :lexrpocraHr{HH cK,TarbrBaroTcff H3 nocroflHHbrx H3Aepx(eK
H nepeMeHHblx H3treplfieK (ronnHBHafl c.naraevaa). flocronunsib H3-
AeplKKH COCTOflT H3 OTirHC"nesufi Ha aMoprH3auHro (peuonauHrc H Ka-
nltra;rsusrfi pevorir), 3apa6orHor? r.rrarbr 3Kcrr":ryarar{HoHHofo nepco-
tIz;'I3 c Haq?ic,'leHHflMii, npoqliX paCxofoB H onpenenfltoTcfl cof.naCHo
OCT 34-255. flepeveHHble Ii3AeplrrKH onpere.i'rflrorcfl KaK npoH3Be-
J,eirHe H3MerieHHfl pacxo.{a ronrHBa B 3HepfOCHCTeMe (npH BBOAe 3a-
IteHfleMoir T3C BMecro f3C) Ha 3arvrbrKarcuIHe 3arparbr no TOUrlrBy
(cv.S 21.8)
flpueegeHHble 3a nepHoA ocBoeFiHf yAe,'rbnbre nocrorHFIbIe H3-
Iepx(r(H no saMeFrqeyor? T3C Hrx, onpeAexflrcrcff no QopMlr,r€
.'
@
il
t€(o
rAe
Ifrec :
EAH tr?c ( I f E".n)'o-r EL,!4 .rcs?t
EArv/r3c (l + EH.n)'u-t XAVil3a pi
3Aeco Vi:ac - nosQQlII{HeHr, xapar(Tepxsyl,oqufr coorHoirre-
HHe MexAy rlpHBeAeHHblMH n QaxrHuecKHMIi yAeJrbHbrMH nocrorrlrHbl-
MH Hsrepx{KaMr.i no T3C:. Hrec 0aKTHqecKHe yAenbHbre rrocro-
sHHbte H3repx{KH rro T3C; LHtrec -ripHpocr ex(eroAHbrx irocro-
LllyI H3AepIieK, olo, no T3C B roA / no cpaBHeHHro c roloM (i-l).(JcrairbHue o6osuarreHaf re lxe, qro H a Sbpuy,,re (ZI.Z2) H 1it.Zai.I-lpHaetellHbte 3a nepHoA ocBoeHHfl yAenbHbre H3AeplKKH no rorr-
.IIHertoli 6ase ottpeAennIoT TaK ]r{e, KaK H yAeJrbHbre nocrosHHbre Hs-
AeplKKH no 3aMeHfleMofi TgC,
BonHnrfi Tpancnopr. Onpe4eJrer{He 3aMeHrreMoro BapHaHTa rro BoA-
rroTpaHofloprrroMy KoMnor.rerrTy rreodxoAuvo Anrr o6ecneqenns rex
404
fiIi
ii
il
'i
I
i
II
I
I
I
I
II
405