KOl.Oi-rbre B iTo..'t c"l.ryqae IIOA,TeiKaT cofJ'IacOBaHHIO Ha MelKOTpaC-
JieBOM ypoEFie. !.pyrHuu c,'ioBaM14, 3AeCb ilaXoAHTCfl BapLiaHT perue-
r-ii.rfi rv{HOrOlipLITepHa,'IbHoi'I 3aAaq}i MeiKOTpaC"IieBOrO ypOBHfi'
OnpeAeJIeUHe o11IliMaiI bFIOTO peX(HMa nO' 3 ZAaW!
fr o My I.i p Ll r e p H rc npeAnol.IaraeT _QOpN{HpOBaHHe MHox(ecTBa
airbTgptiarIIB LofiYCTHMbIX pex<l{N{oB. I-lpu 3Toi\t KpHrepHI'l B6I6H- '
parcTCfi [i3 ttHC,r'i3 3aAallFItIX B pe3ylrbTaTe pe_llleHHf_ 3aAaqH 6o"'tee
BbicoKoro Hepapxi{qecKoro ypoBtlfl (crvr. pHc.. 18.4)' Kpurepun, ecre-
CTBeuFIO, iuOryT 6strs QOpu&",-IbHblNlH H HeQOpMa"''IbFIbiMH-
B U 6 O p'11,'I a FI O B O r O p e]K H ild a OCyUIeCTB/'lfeTCfl BBeAe-
uHeII f.OnO,.ttittTe,tbFIbIX KpHTepHeB, CyIKHBaIOUIHX 3OHy paBHO3QQex-
rtiBHbiX per*(i4IISB. PerueHue 3Tofi 3a;laqH 6yter Qop*-taalHbiM HJTII
;;+rlr,r;ai'rouoir B 3aBHCLItlocrtt or BHra Aoro.{HHre,'ibrioro I{pHrepHr'
Kprtrepliri onrriMsr'ibHocrli n,raHupoiJauHri oeirtiil(a f3C ao,rxt{bl orpailiarb BH}'-
TpeHHile qentl TeK!'u{ero rrJaltr{poBaii}rrr, npttrleM Lle.rlb 3iioHo\{l{ti1[ocTll nJ'Iaii]ipyeMofo
pe;{HMa cTaHoBIITCq OAHOti ll3 OcHOBtlbtX. C rO'{ltg 3PeHHn 3KOHO}{liqeCKII oIITHMaJIb-
Hor-O Ii;tsHHpoil3IiI{f pex(HM03 f 3C qe;iecoo6paSno npll'\IeHfTb i(pHrepliil, COcraB-
Jlfitculi{e floI.\{tro)NecTBo Kpl{Tepl{tl MI{Hiil\'llI 3a(HII cylYlilI apHblx HapoA-
Ir.)ro: n fi cr B c t{ H [,[ :i : arp dr.
AHa.rHs onbrTa 3KCilJrvaTarIHri 3HeprociicTcM noKa3aJ], qTo R CTpirKT!pe 3arpaT
3tiepfocHcTeMbI rran6onr,r-lee 3'rrarieHHe tIl![eeT TOiIiHBHaR cocTaBJiuiou{afl 3iicEnya-
T;uigOI{HbI.\ I.t3Aep;KeK, IITO Be;1eT r ueO6;tc;tiMCCTll Ctii{;+tCHHtl }i}lCHito ll3i''pi{eK iii
TOit.tirEO, pacxOji\.'eItOe Ua T3C. fTCgrOuy B iiaqecTBt OC1IOBHOTo lipllTepiifl ofIT!i-
r{arbHocrH I].tar{r:poBatttiq o6b{.rilo npltti;il,rarcT MHHliMH3atiilio ro;i':1i{i]rlblli li3-lep;+(eli'
HO rt.r OnpeAe.leHlle cilfl3eliO c t{e}1 a.lblI{it T,pyAHOCT'qvH, CBf3sHtl{ri}ltt C HeO6KoAI{-
t{ocTblo coBMecrtioro n.lalil{poiiall;1fl pe;+'llMoB 3Heprocl{CTev, Ao6stql'1, TpaiicrtopTa h
Xpairenrrfl TOIIJliBa. 3rO nOa.'IIIfllO l{a nepCXOA K 6Oxee qaCTHOMy KpHTeplltO - IvlliHii-
ntr3alll{ti pacroAa AeSHqHTHoro rollillijl Ha T3C' Flecuorpn Fta npocror-v' sror
Xprrrepuit He Ha:i6AI{T IIpaKrilqecF:oro npl{MeHeHuf npit nocrpo3}liltt tpopua'rlHsix
OITHr{H3aUr{olti{r,r-\ npoUeA}'p B CI{n-v HeOnpeAejTe}lHocrl{ ttrlrlopvaUlill o Kanopl{fir{o'
cTri TOnnfiBa, AOCTaBIfleMoi'o lIa 3lcItTpocTaHUHlI' Bce sro AeraeT Heo6xoArtuatlt
aairrri etlle 6olee flpocroii xpurepttti, no3BonflIouj,rtft peurnru 3aAaqy rJIaHtipoBaHH:l
peritrlioB rrpaKT[{qecxit. TaKHM KpllTei]LieN{ B HacTofl[{ee BpesItl tlBr'IfleTcfi MIIFIHMH3a-
UHfi pacxoAa -Ycnotsl{ofo ToIIIliBa Ha 1'3C eneptocHCTeMbI. SrOr KpnrepHfi -ycfleLljHc
npi(I|eH'{eTcHA.4gpeueli}{'{3anatlHonTi{MaJ|bHo|oTeKyuleronJlaHHPOBaHlIflpe}I(t.IMot]
sueprocnciey c f3c Ha Bcex ypoBllt{x npocTpaHcTBeHHofi IlepapxHll.
o,r.riaro HCnoJrb3OBarruc cQopN{\i'nllpoBal{Horo KpHrepHff s$serruano B 3i{eproc}I-
cTcl\{a.\, rAe }'qacTI.le f3C B€.r'1ttKo. B nporXnuo}I cily.Ilae BJlltt{HI{e pex(HMa f3C ria
palxOA TOrrrrrHga HeC]:lq,eCTBeHHo, tITO Ae-TaeT B03MOx{}Ib{l{ npHI{eI{eHrie e[le 6Olee
np6crgio KptiTeplttt - 11 a KcIiM It:] a U, H I{ B bl p a 6orx It 3JI eKT p o3 FIep r11 t(
fl a f 3 C, qTO IIO3BO.IISeT Bb{Ae:'itiTb lilClial f3C !I3 COCTaBa 3[IeprOCHCTeMb{ MCTO-
AoM pa3Bfl3brBaHilfl B3aHN{o.d.eftcrBili{ A-rrfl o6J'lerqeHl{f pe[IeH]Ifi nocraBJ'Ietlgoir gaAaqlt
niaHrlpoBagt{fl peiKrrrtoe t'3C- I,lcno,rrsosaHI'le sroro KpHTepHtl cralloBilTcff BO3Moiii-
$brM 6iraroAaprr HanHql(rc 6anaHca 3l{CpfHll B 3HeplocflcreMe: qeM 6o-4bule ilplI npo-
qlrx paBlir{x yc,,toBIlsx Dt{pa6orria f3C, reM tleHbue BLIpa6OhKII T3C, T' e' NellFJUIe
pac.{oA rrr grrepropecypca- ronJrrrBa. FIecr'torpn Ha oqeBHAI{oe pa3fltlql{e Kpllrc:ptlolJ'
ol{lIl{I{ercTR3e.IIlt{oCB'l3lrICoBIiS.ilaioTuTo|ylcJI)'{:]c,ecJII[pacXo;-I.)'C:l0BlIoroToIljlIlBa
T3C .:rxrreritto 3{ttlllcllr or tlx Btilps60TIiii'
'l(n
!,.rr n p e ar Ll 3 aliuu aBro NI arH3up oB aHHoft ll<ol{eAyp 
bI Qop utlp oB a Fi lIfi
MHox(ecrBa a.rrbrepHarHB'bix pelt{HN{oB HeooxoA;Mo uai:lTH cnocoG
QoplraJtb'roro 3aAairHfl BCex- eigoe HHQopN{al{IIH, HCIIoilb3yeMopl A'IIF
n o c, p o e H tr r{ r ex H o..iI o f Hq e c Ko r.1 t{ oAe"ri ll n','I a H H p o B a H Il fi '
MoAe.nt norpe6-reHlrn 3rleKTposHeprtit{ 3HepfocllcTeMoft 
'(rpacfllx Hafpy3KH no
cpeArreltHTepBsitbltbtM ttOxaearelnU) 11pe.5.CTaBJ]ReTCfl B BHAe ynOpfAOqeHHOrO nO
Bpc\{eIIII MHox(ecrBa iPgoc,}, rAe ielts' lo*f] i to- }Iaqa"io nrai{Hp}eMoro ne-
ploIa ; T -neprroA rralsFptpoBdtlHfl. lvlole'rl IIOJ,vqaerctl' KaK )'Ka3blBaJocb Bbtue'
Bpe3yJ,IbTaTepeueHHR3axaq}InpofHo3IipoBarlHflrpa(rnxaHarpy3Ki{i,IllMeeTj.eTep-
MlrHHpoBaHu-vlo $opvy 3ai(aHllff '
;\loAeirt nptirot(a Bo;lbl K crBgpall f3C Salaercs B BllAe !'nopfiIoqeHHol'o no
BpeMeHH (no:pacrauuto HH.neKca) NIHoihscrBa {Qo'"p;}, rAe f€[f0' l0+I]: Qo r-pi -
3HaqeHHe 6orosoro (ceo5o1uoro, He3apery.lllpoBaHHOro) r]ptlroKa BoAbl x f3c e i-I'f
IIHrepBa.te ePertetttt lf;.
Alo;re.rt rexHo,tot i{qecKoro ilpoqecca H:r T3C 3aAaeTCfl 3a:iticl:ll.-Jcrlio 81rt (^\''f;C)
B BgLe rro6oro ynopti.ioqegHot-o ilo Bg3pacraH"iFo llHolKecrsa {NrSCo)( B1=g"} (r;e
cr € [0, A] - qrtc.;Ic 3Jleilel{roB .\lHo}KecrBa) 'ru6o nenpepueuoir cpyHxuueii BHAa
Br,=rr: ,8i,.V136p) . flpit arort g:tR v.noScraa EbIIloJIHeHlIq pacqeroB B coorBercrBnt{
KpHTep:rflIlr{ }r nopc;{( lf lo li|rtri ;lx qe.-Il',1 1 BCe t:c 3:tepf oc:lcre\l5I 33laroTcfl IIO-
A
AeJIbto ogHoii 3KBriBs','I€HrHoii T3C, r:e 'f ii-ft
L-t
pyer xapaKrepltcrtlKll Bce\ T3C.
i\lOlelu rraCKaAa f3C IIpe.l,CTaB.lfleTCtl B Blll'e HeKOTOpOfO l\tliO;rieCTBa ltllelt
KoLoB f3C; yxa:5tBaloulilx nopfl;1oK pacno.lo)+ieiri;n f3C B KacliaJ'e' llcroqilitli iipll-
roKa BoAbI K crBopv, Ha-:Iliqite noAnt{paiou{eri f3C tl T' A
frlone,ru rexuoi-iorgqecKono npoqecca f3C saraerctt 3;lBltclt\iccTbto lJr3c(Qf"c, H)
B BHte )'nopsJor,eHHoio no Bo3pacTa'ltlo ,\i p:6:'{HoxtecrBa t'vr;ci: XQraclpx!! ii' rAe
j€ t0, /] - uuc.ro I-3C e KacKaAe; fl-,g [0, Bj - qllcIo 3-'lerreHro8 ]lHoxrecrBa IJ*
oAHoft f3c (ur:c.ro ToqeK xapaKrepticritxg), .ru6o uenpepueHoti ti'.'iixultet-t 'vfeci :
:l/p.g(Qr-tc, Ht).
MoAelt rcrtjo.lorlttlecKll-\ orpallll(teilltil 3aAaercti I]
(6aranc BoAbt B Bo;io.\patlH.;lltu{e rr rP') H'llll B Blli'e
ir ltiie 6e-:ja ilcoBbl-x yc'rootiit'
Itsycropollt{ll.\ llepaBeHCTB
,tu HH<f,<:-fx a trc.
trlOle.1u peHgtMHbrX OrpaHHqei{ltii SaAlercfl B OCI{OBliOM B ullJ,c llepaBeHcTB'
IloAelrt onrii^vH3aUHouttoli npoUeI)'pbt sut6ttpaercn HcxoAn Hs IipltTeptta'li'ttoit'
QyuxUilu rt pattee nepelllicneHHblx IIole,refi. Otta HYeeT BrrA tlTepaqfiortiloro ilpOllec'
ca, opraltH3oBagt{oro TeMll IUIH HHblItlI cnccg$aM[t (ueroAa'un oilTlllllH3aqtltt) ' cpeAx
KOTOpbIX A.Ifl pellleHllfl paCCMarpneaeUOir 3aAaqH IIOX(tlo OTlleTfiTb I{CTOjib'I rpaJ'lleH-
ra (npOcroil, llpllBe;lefitlblft, npOexrHsr{blfi lr AP.), AtltIa'\tHrlecKoro IIJ'IH B ptl'lc cJIy-
r{aeB nHflefiHorO nporpaIIMlll)OBaHIIt, CIyqailHOrO noltCKa H T' A'
Mareuarttqeclille rloAcJll norpe6'tctl;ltl 3reitrpo3llepr]{H 33C II npliroKa Bo;til
K cTBopaM f3C sa!,arorcfl Henpepbit3llbtltll rpyuxllun:rrtt Bpellcllli Qo'"n(/)' -Pa:C (1;
rrrr Mroj,riecrnaMrr, yrropri,i.o,ie'rrbtlur no B03pacrittlt{to HttAcl(cot} {Qo,"pii}, {P"ac t}'
]lole;rt,.r.crrto.roflirrr.cKoro rr[)or(ecca 13C, npe.n,c't':llJ"'leHllatl' KaK (lr'trto cxa3atlo
putrce, Qyrrxrlrteir liT3C (f IiC) , 3a/'iacrctl A.rn -yAo6cllra prci;erott ll sliOllortllll'
351
t