Puc. 17-1. Knaccu$HKauHs 3aAaq ynpaBJIeHHrr reXHor'rornqecKfiM npoqeccoM no cns-
co6y eo:4eficrenq ua o6rexr yttpaBneHHfi
flaq ynpaBneHHff or rro"rt]v€HiHfl nHQopnnaquu o xoAe yrpaBJrfeMofo
rlpoqecca Ao fiepeAaql{ npHHfroro aKTHBrIburf 3"{eMeHToM peureHHfl H
HCIIoiIHeHHn. C oror? ToqKH 3peHHfl ynpaBJreHHe ocyqecrBJrrer nro6ofi
SJreMeHT, HMerOrqHfi BO3MOIKHOCTb BO3AefiCTBOBarb Ha XOA yfipaBJrfle-
MOIO npoqecca. Etts o6ecneqeupis qeneHanpaB,rreHHocTH H AoJrx(HofQ
KaqecTBa ynpaBneHHfl B Hefo BKIroqamT TpH ocHoBHbrx 3Tarra: noiry-
qeHHe cBeAeHHfi o cocroflH,r{H o6beKra (npbUecca) B AaHHbrft uouenr
BPeMeHH H efo AHHaMHKe, rrpHHrrTHe peueHKfl, O HaHryqlIIeM, C TOqKrt
3peHxfi Aoc-THlKeHHfi r{eJrn ynpaBJrenr{s, Bo3AeficrBHH Ha o66eKT (npo-
Uecc), nepeAaqa yrpaBJrsroulero BosAeI?crBHfl H npoBepKa ero Hc-
[oJrHe]Irrrr. B o6qervr cnyqae ocyrqecTB./'reHHe. yKasaHHbix 3TaloB yrr-
PAB.I'ICHHfl NPCANOJIATACT CYIqCCTBOBAHHC CHCTEMbI NPHHflTHfl PCI.I]EHH'
(s 6.4).
3araqu ynpaBJreHHfi nnaccH$HilHpyror B coorBercrBl{H co cJro}K-
Hocrbro IIpHHHMaeMbrx peurennfi H cnoco6ou eogAerictBnrr Ha o6texr
yrpaBneirHe.
flo croco6y Bo3.{,eficrBHfl Ha o6teKr saAaqu ynpaB-
rIeHIifi MolKHo pa3Aenarb Ha rpH rpynnbr, KaK [oKa3aHo Ha puc. 17.1"
KaixAaq H3 yKa3aHHbrx rpynr 3aAaq ocyqecrB,r-ifi€r eosAeficreNe Ha
o6,sexr ytrpaeJletnfl., Ho irnKr']Hqnocrb qosAeficreilfi no-pa3HoMy coor-
HOCHTCfl C IIHKJIOM OnepaTI'IBHolO ltnp&BJI€Hl{fl.
KonrpoJIb H LLrarHocrHKa cocrorHHfl o6aexra y[paB-
JIeHrIfl nPeAycMarplrBaer noryrleHue aHaqesltli H olieliKy napaMerpoB
cocrofnss. Bosrerlcrene B cropouy H3lreHeHufl srHX fiapaMerpoB ocy.
u{ecTBJlrercfi c sa4epx<xofi BpeMeHH, T. e. orKnoHelrne reryil{Hx rra-
paMerpoB cocrofiHufl o6renra He Bbr3hrBaeT HerrocpeAcrBeHHoil onac-
Hocru HapyrueHns npoqecca yAoB,rrerBopeHlrr ero qeneft. t{aure Bcero
cKaSaHHOe OTHOCHTCS K MeAJreHr-rO ,npOTeKarOU{HM npOqeCCaM, qro rl
rio3BoJrfieT BbrAenl{Tb KoHTpoJrb H AHafHocrHKy B oTAeJrbHyro rpyflny
aa4aq. C groft rorrKr{ 3peuHfi Mo)r{Ho roBopHTb o KonTpore H AHarHoc-
THKe cocroflHHff r.HAporexHHqecKux coopyixeHRii,.^ 6reQoe, sneprern-
secKHX xapaKrepltcrnK rtlApoarperaroB H T. A. Bo ncex srHX crlrqs"*
gaAaqH KoHTpoJrfl nH6o no3BorqrcT yAocroBepHTbcrr B HeH3MeHHocru na-
paMerpoB cocrorruv.n, nu6o, rrpH ycraHoBJIeHHH Saima orKJroHelrHrr rix
sHa.{eHnr.l or gaAaHHbrx, Aaror ocuoBaHHe Ailfr tipHBJIeqeHrifl Apyrnx
opraHxsaquft K ycrpaHeHlrro rrpHqHH, BbI3BaBUrlIx obuapyx<eHHoe or-
KJIOHeHHe napaMeTpoB.
312
P eryJrH p oB aH H e n a p a M er-
poB cocrofiHHfl odaerra yrpaB-
reHnq ilpeAycMarpuBaer Sop,rnnpoea-
HHe noa4ericrslrR, Koropoe B03Bpa-
iIIaeT o6texr B Haqar'rbHoe cocToflHHe
B TONr Cryqae, ecJrH efo napaMeTpbt
seiaeusrncr. Bos,q.er?creHe ocvue-
crBJIfleTcr 6es 3aAeplKKlr BpeMeHH
HJIrH c sa4epxxofi, noeeo"lsrcuefi no-
BbIcHTb ycroi:iqpieocrb cHCTe-
M bI peryJrrrpoB aHH fl. rrapalier-
poB cocrofiriHfl. flpalrepalrn crlcrelvl,
peanH3yrorrIHX 3aIaqH pefyJrHpoBa-
Puc. i7.2. Hepapxaq 3aAarl ynpaB-
JreHHfi TeXHOJIOfHgeCKI.IM npoqeccoM
HLtfl, ilro[]'T 6uru pery.nrropbl Bo3-
6yxgeHun reHeparopoB, perf,tflropbi qacroTbl Bpau{eHHfl ryp6riHur
H T. A. I,lsorAa n SyHxunli 3Tux peryJrffTopoB BKJIIoqaercti nporpaMM-
Hoe iH3MeHeHHe napaMerpoB cocroflHnr ofitexTa, Ho B SToM cryqae
coorBercrByioqaff cr.rcreMa nepecraer 6urr cucreuoft peryJlHpoBaHHfi
H npeBpalqaeTcfl B CHcTeIvly yiIpaBJIeHHf.
Be,u,eHHe pex([IMa HrH npof paMMHoe I{3MeHeHHe
cocro l H H fi o6tercra flpeAycMarpnBaeT QopllHpoBaHHe vI peaJIH3a-
uHro eoaAeficreuq, BHA 14 3Har{eH}Ifl Koroporo onpeAeJ'Ifltor He roJIbKc
cocrorrHHe\.{ o6beKTa, Ho npe)K.ite Bcero saAaHHoil nporpauuofr, YAoe-
nerBopnroureri, Kar( ripaBHro, BHeu]]rHe rreJrH yIIpaBfieHHfl obterrotrt.
I-lpH HaJHqHH AByx, paHee oIpe.r,eJreHHbIx BIIAoB 3aAaq nporpaMr{Hoe
H3MeHei{lle cocroflFI}lr Mox(er 6url ocyil{ecrB.'lego 6es yvera cocrofl-
uus oorexra B AaHHbIft MoMeHT BpeMeHlI. OAnaxo B 3ToM cnyqae He' i
o6xoAuua KoopAliHaquff peueHHff 3aAaq KoHrponr, peryJlHpoBaHHn lI
BeAeHHfl pelKHMa. B saeHcuMocrn or clloco6a xoop,u,HHauHH Aeficregir,
orrpeAeJifleMbrx 3THMH 3aAaqaMH, cttcreMa ynpaBneHnff 6yaer HMerb
pa3flrrr.rHyro crpyKrypy, o qeM 6yaer cKa3aHo HHx(e.
C roqxlr 3peHur cJIox(HocrH npHHHMaeMbIX peueuHl't
xraccHSHKauHfi 3aAaq ynpaBneuna o6pa3yer Apyryrc rlepapxHqecKyto
cHcreMy, rroKa3aHrryro Fra pHC. 17.2. B qacrHoM cJlyqae ora cucreMa
Molr(er BbrpoAHTbcff B oAHo3,TeMeHTHyro (ro.rrro KolrrpoJlb HJIH pery-
nHpoBaHlre rr Ap.) HnH AByx3JreMeHTnyro. KaxtAafl H3 H'HX MolKer 6urr
peanH3OBalla ilpaKTHqeCKH B TOIvI CJIyqae, eCJIH BHyTpH gJIeMeHTa HeT
nporaBopeuHfi, r(oropbre paspeuarorcs BBeAeHHeM sJIeMeHTa 6o.nee
BbrcoKofo ypoBHff.
Kourponb H AHanHocrHKa cocroffHHfi He npeAycMarpnBaer rrpnxfi-
THf, pelxeHHfl HJIH pe[reHHe 3aKIroqaeTcfl B ripHBfieqeHHH BHeUIHHX
IIO OTHOrrreHHrc K 3THM 3aAEq: BKJilOqeHHe 3aAaq peryJrHpOBaHHfi HJrH
BeAeHHfl pelKHMa, npr-rBIeqeHHe cTopoHriHx HcrroJrHl{TeJrefi H T. A.
PeryanpoBaHHe rrapaMerpoB cocronnHff npeAycMaTpllBaer nsi6op
BeJIHtIUHn eoaAeficrBrrfl, Bo3Bpar{aroilrero o6rerr ts HaqaJrbHoe cocro-
rrFrHe. llpn eroM eosAer'rcrBHlo o6uqso noABepraercfi oAHH irapaMerp
cocrofllrHr npn ycnoBHr'r KoopArrHlrpoBaHHocrr.r Bo3AelrcrBns (ero Be-
flfirrHIlbr H HanpaBJrennn) c Apyfr{Mri rrapaMerpaMH. Taxofr napaMerp
rtedetue ,ceii!.1,n/Q
Jodayu gnpafl,oeaun
Peey.ougo0stue
n a oe /YernpoU cocmont un
0edeaue pe/yu/,/a
^ lfpnrnpo/7b u
du a zHocm uffq c1cmoaqa.a
Odze,'rmginpa0neuuz
313