_l
cdPl
I
Ii
.n
0.,-"t
dttgz
- 0.0
- 8.5
- rod4 s.5
I1.4. pE'+(HMt-ibtE 0CoEEHHOCTH r3y npH CiIEL{HAJrb!-tbtx EHAAX
PETYfiHPOB,AHHg CTOKA
KacxaAuoe perJi-IHp0BaHHe croKa. I(acr<aluoe Hcno,,Tb3oBaHHe BoAoroKa Aaer
Bo3MOx(HOcrb ynyqlill]rb KOMnfleKcHoe Hc[oJrb3oBaHHe BoAoroKa Anfl Hy)KA BXC,
a raKlKe noBblciirb Ko3QQfiqlIeHT ltinonb3oBaHHfl noreHr{Hai'tbHort oHeprHH BoAoToKa
3a cger IIOBHIUeHHT creilenn HcrloJib3oBaHrrr HanopoB H pacxoAoB. C roqxi.r 3peHHfl
[laKcHManbHoto Hcilonb3oBauHq BoAoroKa ueo6xoAHMo HaJ'IHqr{e oAHoft naoruHuoii
f3C e ycrbe. OAuarco gro BeAer,K yulep6alt Lrc+a 3aroflneHH.flr, Aa:-..re ecnu Bbrpa-
6o'rlta raxoit f3C npeetllrlaer fioTeuqrual'rbubre Bo3Mox(r{ocrlr BoAoroKa B ecrecrBeH-
HoM cocrorngr{. Coopyx<eHue corvrKHyroro KacKaAa nJroruHrrux f3C yBeJur{r{Baer KaK
kw, Tai( I.I lza. Ats KacKaAa fOC AJ'jHTe,rbHoro per)'"rrr{poBarrHrr croKa k, u kn
6ausxlr K l. B orrltr{He or KacKaAa flror}rHHbrx f3C yBenHrreHrre qHcJra cryneueir
Kacr(aAa Aept{BarlHosuux f3c noBHUlaeT kv H hn sa cqer nyquero Lrcrroi{b3oBaHlirr
[IecTHOfo cToKa H noABeAeHHOfO Hanopa, xoTfl npr{ 3To}t oAHOBpe}teHHO yBeJil{qH-
Barcrcq ero IIoTeprr B BoAonpoBoAsr.q]tx coopv;+ieHHflx.
Irrq CCCP sari6oaee xapaKrepuil KacKaAbr f3C A,rHrexbHono peryJgpoBarr6n
croKa (Boaxcro-l(ax.rcxuft, fiuenponcniaii, Aurapo-EHlrceficxafi x ,a,p.). Kaxgoyy ,1.
BoAoxpaHPIJIHUI TaKH.K KacKaAoB npncyrrlu 3Heprer!{qecxue oco6eHrrocrg, paccMorpeg-
HHe B S l2-2 n 12.3. Kpoare roro, o6teAHHeHHe f3C e KacKaA yBenHcHBaer o6utHfi
nore3Htll'l o6lelt BoAoxpaHHnHu{ H KaK cJIeAcTBHe creneHb 3aperynapoBaHHocrg cToKa
PeKH B lts'toM. llolo6nue KacKaAbI, KaK npaBHJro, coMriHyrbJ, T- e. ypoBHH Hrl;11flero
6reQa B KaxiAoM cTBope npeBbrrxamr i{x ecrecrBer{Hoe cocToFHHe ,q,rq arc6srx pe*(H-
Mos f3C. 3ro oEriaqaer, qro BoAoroK npegpau{aercfl B uenoqKy irpororrHbrx HcKyc-
crBeHHblx o3ep. B .srltx ycxoBHflx f3C oceo6oriAarcrcr or 3llar{HTerbrrL{x 6agosbr-x
nonycKoB e lurxHufr 6reQ no rpe6onauxnv BXC lr, cnellotsare-rrbrro, yBennqHBaeTcrr
crencHb Hx yqacrrir B rroxpL,rr!{rr nHKa rpacplrxa Harpy3r(,{-.
conpeueHriue o3c HHorAa BK,rroqaror e ce6s HecKo,.rbKo KacKaAoB. B cBrr3lr
c 3rllh{ oco6oe 3HarieHHe npro6peraer 3aAar{a coBMecrHoro HcnonbsoBaHHfl fOC pas- ,Horo BHAa peryxHpoBaHlrr croKa B oArrolrr rpaQune Harpy3Kit c y{{eroM T3C n AOC.
Koppexruoe Ha3HaqeHHe pexnMoe o3C Anr flpoeKrHbrx H sKcnnyaraqgoHHbrx 3a,(aq
Bo3Moit(Ho ronbKo c Hcflonl3oeauuerr OB&1
Orverlrrr oco6eusocrg, Koropue rieo6xoAltMo yqHTr,rBarb B pacqeTax pexHMoB
KacKaAoB.
Halu.ltte KacKaAa npHBoAur x neo6xoAaMocru ytrera r6ApaBnHr{ecKHx pex(HMoB
f3C lrexay codoft, r. e. cBfl3u rro pacxoAy H Harropy. Ilro6oe rr3MeHeHrre pexHMoB
I-Fr f3C xacra.qa cBff3blBaercfl Ha fl3MeHeHHH noAnopa (/-l)-Ii f3C (carsr no
uanopy) r{ npr{rosHocrrr K (i+l)-ri fOC (cnnss no pacxo4y).
floAnop B Hr{)KHeM 6le$e /-ir f3c yBenHr{HBaeT rrorepH aM,.6, HO oAHOBpetireH-
Ho yMeHbulaer norePlt 3HepfHH B BepxHeM 6reQe (/+1)-fi f3C 3a cqeT yBeJrgqeHufl
Hanopa. B xacxaAe 3a cqer nePexoAHbIX npoqeccoB B BoAoxparrrrnxulax oco6oe sHa-qeHHe npuo6peraer KoppeKrsufi noA6op HX MareprarHqecKHx uoAe.neit Anff BoAHo-
9HepreTHqecKrjx pacqeToB. .
flpu xacxaAHoM Hcno''Ib3oBaxHH BoAoToKa BecbMa caoxHofi saAaqefi cragoBirrcrr
perileHHe Boflpoca o Mecre solosa6opa BoAbr ,qas BXC, Koropaff Moxgr 6uru peue-
Ha ronbKo Ha ocHoBe pacc^{orpeHHfi pexlrMa rlcfioJrb3oBarir{fl Bcero BOAOT0Ka B qe-
lou. B KacxaAe 6ee perylHpoBaHxff croKa Ao6asaenr-re eu{b oAsofi niloOnon fOCyBeJIHrlHBaeT CTenerrb rtcnOrb3oBaHHrr BOAOTOKa, He MeHfln BHA peryrHpOBaHHfl.
B xacxaAe. c KparxocpoqitblM per!.'rllpoB0trHeM ronbKo Bepxrruss f3C nepepacflpe-
Aenfler patsHoMepHrlfi e retlelllle I cyr npHToK B rrepaBrrouepuufi B coorBercrgrrH
*'1
,
t
Puc. 12.5. foAnqrrce
pery.'rirpoB aHH e Cror(a
(cesonHoe) Prc. I2.6. t\liroroJ'rerHee pefyJrx-
poBaHHe croKa
244
245