'3.
i,l
tt
FJ
tr
I'
J
I.t:
I
i;
l:t:
{0.2. FIAI"!OPHbIE. XAPAHTEPHCTI{HH r3C
V,{ursreaff xapaiflep KpHBbrx zu:6(e*.u)_a 4Hroo(e,*.0) H npHHHMasZg.6:gsn5f, HanopHyrc xaplKrepHcraKy'faq np6li.iuJ"* u BHAe,noKa3aHHotvr Ha pHc. i0.1. Ec.rria noTepH AH"o|: (e".0) AocraroqHoBeJIIlKll, To Hx cneAyer yqecrh^ B .FIanopHoii xapaKTepHcraKe nr,IorliH-Hor? f3C, TaK x{e KaK u L,zn.a(e".0). ^
_llnopFraff xapar{rep'cr}iKa fgc 3aBHCiir or NrHorHx Qaxropoe;HaIIpnMeP, r,[Ir. MHorHx_pex CCCP, saMep3aioqlix sail{ofi, B xapaKTe-pHcrHI(e fI^(Q".o) Heo6xoAHMo ytIHTbIBarb neAoBbre ycnoBHq. Vqer3HIr{Hrrx ycronai?, TaK )Ke KaK H A,Hroo, cHHx(aeT H^ nb^ AauHoiu ex.o(pllc. l0-l) . Enn rolxHbrx peK, 3apacraroulnx rreroM, yqeT 3roro rB-lerins agarorHqeH yr{eTy neAoBbrx ycaoenir.
3altErHo BrIHsel H? H^(Q".u) petxut" cpa6orKa-HarroJrHeHHfi Boao-xpaHH':IHI]{a f3C- .IIr.o6as cpa6orra BeAer x y*e"oureHHro pacnorrara-
eMofo Haropa. 7]er?creur€.r1bHo, BMecro_ (10.i) vox<Ho ,un".rro 
-
H.(Q,,.u) : Hrec(Q,,0) : Hiio---=h"e^a-Lrr.u(Q* o).
cliil{ecrBeHFro 3aBr.rcHT or 2s.6. llo.nyveirHbre 3Har{eFrHr iu"Ti5. MoryrcJ-IyxiHTb opI{eFirHpoM Ann rjpoBepr(H 3HepfeTriqecKtix noxasaTenert
AAIILIO|O CTBODA.
EcnH lla HarlopHble xapaKTepacrul(H f3C Har{ecra JTHHHH orDa-HHqeFrHfl r\{orqHocrr{ I]o feHeparopy H ryp6nue H MHHHMaJrbFio io_IlycrllMble 3Haq€HHf Qrec, To nojjyqHM noJIe LI3r/reHeHHfl HanopoB
Ha ,u,aHuoit f3C B ycraHoBHBiIIeMCtI peir{r'rMe, Koropoe cJryx(HT ocHo-
eoi'i .{flfl nor6opa ryp6aHuoro o6opyrroBaHr{fi foc no HfgE H
HfSt' {p^"^. 10.3,4). C rtoMottlblo roryqeHHoro no"rrfl H3MeHeHHr
HanopoB fOC Moir(Ho or-rpeAeJrarb H ^ nin Hrec lr np6 HajrHlrgrr
Qx.co o.
AeftcrBriTe u-rbHo, nycTb norpe6yercn A"rtfl KaKoro_To za.6i: const
(yllo /-2".a<Hny) rr 3aAaHuoro Q" u,>QTl-,t'saiiru ff"i, erEc rr e,.cop.Hanop rY.i rtoiKer 6siro safilen no (10.1) llrn ro HaropHoii xapar(repric-rHKe f3C. 3arev ofipeAeJlrercrr np' roJTyqeHHoNr 3HaqeHpr^'H^',-il;
Ae"{bHar rponycKHaq cnoco6H0crb fAC Ail:t (l-{^,) n Aaxee Qx cepi KaK
pa3Hrirla lrex'Ay Q".o H 0f3[: (pnc. 10.3, a).
. Halr1u^rie Q.*.cop BC.(er K H3tJeHeHHCI [i xapaKTepHcrlrr(H ff_ru(.",u, Q".u)(pHc. 10.3, 6). flpeaeilbHaq no Hanopy r!,rou{Hocrb npF( 3roilr ilb.r,yvaercn
B roLrKe npu Q;36 : OFSL. (H ^,). .[,a.nee rrrer ro.:ibKo ,u-n,*"o,u.Hir. fr*,3a ctleT Toro, qTo cHl{}KaeTcfl H^;, ? BN{ecTe c HLr}t il ersc (h ^,).
["rln noebr[reHHfl p&cro;Tsraevoir r]o Hanopy MorrlHocra f3C B re_pHo,q,bl xo",Tocrbr.\ c6pocos lr'rs HH3KoHanopHux pycnoBbrx coBMerqeH_Hblx f3C HCnonb3yerct{ Bo3MoxiHocrb noBbrLUeHr{rr Hanopa 3a cqersQQexra s;KeKr{HH (pnc. 10.3,o), /io.3t(Hr^) norr 3roM yBerir.rr{HBaercfi
Ha Aff,* : 9,8 IrtruJH,* (QF'E + Ae (AIl,*)), rAe eF:c -- pacxoA IOC
npu AH ..* : Q.
Ha prrc- 10.4 noxasaHa HaropHafl xapaKreprrcrrrKa f occ noAflopolvt B HHXiFIelt 6o-9Se. [IoxEJIeHHe roAnopa vMerrbrua.er N"'" (Q*-o) Ha noTepH AMnoon, rlponopt{HoFraJrbHbre [rorepflLr
4Hnoon, Koropbre oIpe{e.,'rflrorcrr KaK pa3HHqa ilrexAy 3HaqeHHrlrrr H"6es yuera H c yqeroM noArropa.
I,is-sa rBy3HaqHocTH xpuaol:r cBr3r{ Hr{x(Frero 6reSa B nepHo,4hrno.,'roBo.tbff Hapyuraercfl oAHo3HaqHocrFr H^(e".a) rr N"rr(e".ui. gro
BE.4ET K NOqBTCHHIO AHHAiVIHqECKHX FIANOPHbIX IAPAKTCPIICTHKfoc, noKa3aHHbrx ria pHC. 10.5 e BHAe saraco,"ocrefr_ff.* (Q'r.u, ij,iy'rec (Q".0, l). Crarr,iecr{He_ xapaKTepr.rcrrrK}r AnE }/cTar{oBHBurerocrrpex(HMa Ha ropr x{e pHCyHxe o6osriaqerrbr :epes |I?ec(en.o), zfo(e__o) r.rtrft. (Q u).
Ec'rlt Ha HanopHoit xapaKTept{cTHKe yqecrb ^ HeycTa'oBl{BirJeecfi
ABi-litiellHe BoAbI AJrfi cyToqtrblx pelr(tir{oB, To 3aBHCpr.r,rocrn A^ o, i-r,Q,,.0 6yrer errie 6o,ree croxuorr (puc. io ol. rlpn i"*- ,orn,or,.*,
c,tyvati, KofAa QI:['(l) coorBercrByer B 4ei:rcrerrrerrbr{ocrr{ Kar(
6o.lnutirir, rar( rr r{errbrul.rii iranop no cpaBrreFrirro c H?.
t4-64 l0
Kax ea4uo, H ^ wrut Hrec 3aBr.rcrrT ToJtbKo
7 _- r.nncf .-8.o
torzLi
5 = c0nSt
lzr-tt
o*=o)
&xiL o,-r kr:r)
xa pa r(TepHcT|It,.a D ".c.13c
or Q*.0 trilH Qrec rp?r
_^ Ha pHC. 10.2 noKa3aHbr HaftopFrbre . xapaKTepHcraKri pyc,rrosoiif3C, ilocrpoeHHbte no (10.2) A.irfl^za.o:HfiV , ," u:y,UO. OrH sa_BHCHMocTH orlpeAe,lflror co6or:i Becb eo3Moj{(Fibri"r AHaita3orr pacfioJra-
TACMbIX T{ANOPOB AAHgOiT f3C T,NN YCTAFIOBHBIIICTOCfi PC}KHMA.
C noMoulbro rranopntrx xapar(TepHcrxK tro e".o "o*ino "e roJrrbKoorIpeAeJTI{Tb H^ HitH Hrec, Ho H oqeHHTb upe{ea6uyrc Molr{Hocrb
f3C B AaHHoM crBope, r. e. ff;u: l/ST. rpr{ 2".6-const. llpe-,
AeJrbHafl ti{ourHocrb HMeer Mecro e rto6oM CTBOpe npII Her(oropoM
Q*.o B crrr| BbtrrlK.'1ocrH xapaKrepHcrtrxpt H^(Qr.u), rrpHqeM ^;tif"
(10.2)
n-{{lt-o
Hano-
f3c
lZr.i t
'l zn6.
Q,+6
Pnc. -l 0.1. I-ianoprran
Jronor{ u lr:lrona nop lloii
208
Puc: 10.2. .[.uana3orr Hs.verreHnff
poB py'cloeoir rrH3r(oHa nopnori
A,'tri ycTaHoBI{BtUH.\Cfl peiiiHMou
@,o)
zr,r {0*r = o)
209