OAHlliu lI3 ocHoBHbIx ycr'Ioeul'r uaAelKHocru 3JrexTpo3nepreraqecxoft
cllcreMbl ffBJlqercf ycrofiqltBocrb, noA xoroporl noulnwaercs cfio-
co6Hocrn cncreMbr rrpLr BHe3anHbrx cryvafiHlix Bo3MyrrIeHHffx ee pe-
x(HMa (xar oqeHb MaJIbrx, TaK H oqeHb 3HaqnTermui; BoccraHaBJrH-
Barb ceoli nepBoHar{a.nusuft HopMaJrbHur? pexuM HJrH pex<r.ru, rpaKTH_qecKH 6nHsxHpi K Helty. 3ro cnoficrBo clrcreML,r AortorHqrcT r.r r{our{pe-
TH3HpyroT iioFlrrHet{ )ti t't B y q e cr H, T. e. cuoco6nocrn cHcreMbI I{e
AofiycKarb pa3Bi.irHfi orAeJrbfrbrx Hapyuerruir pexu,Ma B KacKaAr{oe
pa3Bi{rIIe aeapltft c pacnpocT'patteHIIeM orKJi:oqeHufi :neproHCTorttrHKa
3HaqllreJIbHoro npocrpaFlcrBeHHoro ltacrura6a H, cBfl3aFIHbrM c 3THM
MaccoBbIM H AJIHTeJIbltbtM r-rapyuieHl{e\.I trl{TaHLIfl norpe6are,rerl.
Hapyrueune o.,leKTpoCua6;iieHnq, a Bl,,recre c 3Tr-r\{ H no.flB,.'IeHi.re
yurep6a y norpe6rireleli Mox{er 6trrl Bbr3BaHo FflAol,r AocraroqHo
crl,qatiHbrx nplirtirH, B ocHoBe Koropbtx ,'teinlrr 4eQurlur MouIHocrH,
FB.1flr0ti{tiiics c..,'r€.tcrBHeM pa3r!rqHofo xapaKrepa anaplrr? B cHcreMe
tl ori€;-IbtlbiX ee 3ile!lei-lra-{ (orxnioveHlte reHepHpyroqero o6opirlo-
BaHHfl, irlrHnl"r 3JleKTporrepeAaqn H T. n.), H.rTH oruri6oqHoro lrporHo-- 3HpOBaHtrfl cnpoca Moir{HocTH H 3JIeKTpO3HepfHH, Hrru,. HaKorreq, cTH_
xufturix SeAcrerar?, BreKyu{ux 4eQuqHr snepiopecypcoe. 3rH x(e npH-qrlFibl TIpHBOAflT l{ K cHHX(eHI.Iro KarieCTBa oT[ycKaeMor? 3,rreKTpo_
3HeprHlr.
Vponeun Har,ex<rlocrn gJIeI(Tpocna6xesriR MoiKr-ro yBeJ,rrtqlrrb AoKaKO|O yroAHo 3lIaqeHIIti, H3rrpt{Mep, n!'Te}r iroBbrueHHfl 3aTpaT Ha
co3-1aHHe H 3Kcnflyara(tiro pe3epBHbIX ltouriiocreir, yBe"li{qenrre qgcJra
uenei-r, nl.lratourttx 3iTetirpoeueprnefi norpe6lrreleli, noAKJnoqeHHe jlo-
noJIHHTenbHbIX cpeACTB lrlpaBrfltouiefi ri Bbrrrucirtrrensgoit rexHtrKH Ir
.{p. OAriaxo B KalKAoM orAe"rrbHoM cJrvqae AoJrx(eH cyu{ecrBoBalb
orrpeAenepuuni n p eA8r, Bbrue Koropofo rroBbrruaTb ypoBeHb HaAex(-
HOCTH TCXHI{qEC:KH H SKOHOMHIiECKH HCUCNCCOO6PASHO.
Bonpoc o eni6ope oITHMaJrbHoro ypoBHs [raAeiKgocrn peruaercfl
HA OCI{OBAHHH TCXII}IKO.SKOHOMHqCCKOfO COIOCTABJIEItHfl BO3MOXiFIOfO
YUep6a or nepepbiBoB 3JieKTpocua6xeHux H 3arpaT Ha rroBbrue1rge
Ha,qexiHocTI{.
B coBpeMerlubix ycJloBltflx HaAexiHoe cHa6lreurie norpe6lrre;refi
3JTeKTp03ireprltefi Bo3MoltiFIo J-IHrllb nplr H3;-rH9HH B 3HepfocricreMe
onpeAeneHHoro p e 3 e p B a M o u{ }I o c r tr, Ko}{rreHcHpyrorqero c.rryvair-
Hue co6strLrfl,, rrpHBoAqrqrie K AeQriurrry lroulHocra.
liol pesepBolvl MoITIHOCTH ffp." nonsntaerc,q pa3HocTb r{exiAy pac-
noraraeuol'r cyMMapnofi MorqHocrbro 3neKTpocrauqnft iy'pacn (c y.lerou
peuorrroB) n cyuuapuoit uarpysxoft norpe6Hreneft p (c yveronr no-Tepbecerax):_.. , . .::,
Npea: Np..n-P. (5.6)
96
ee Mex{Ay 3"rIeKTpocraHuHtviH sHepfocrrcreMbr ofrpeAe"[fleTCfl KaK
QyuxqnoHaJibHbIM Ha3HaqeHHer,{ HX, TaK H pa3J'IIITIHbIM}{ oKoHo}rliqec-
Kr.r r!1 r.r coo6p axeHlifl Mr{.
OneparaeHulri le3epB B cBoro oqepeAb cocroHr tr3 Haf py3or{-
H o r o pe3epBa /V*.p"., npelFia3HaqeHHoro /.Jtfl noKp brrrlf HenpeABH-
AeHHbrx n-peoorrueuafi Hafpy3oK cBepx ITJraHoBbix, H aBaplrirHof o
pe3epBa &'r.p.r, ueo6xoAlrr,,roro !iln 3arvreFrbr o6opyloe aHH'r., BbrureA-
ruefo H3 cTpof H3-3a aBapHH.
PervtoHrustli pe3epe ivp.p., npeAHa3FiaLier{ Airfl il,lar,roBofo BbrBoAa
ocHoBrioro o6opyloBaHufl 3r'Iel{Tpocrauqufi B peMoHT vr Br{",-Iro{?er pe-
3epB A.rrfl flpoBeAeriHfl reKyuIHx peMoHToB H pe3epB A"rrf fipoBe_
AeHHfl KaIIHTa JrbHbrx t{ cpeAH}Ix pe\.{oHToB.
Attr o6ecne,{eHlas srelirpo3uepruefi norpe6Hrenefi npu fipeBbrtlle-
Hr.rr{ BbrnycKa r-rpoAyKur{r.f tiJH AocporrHofo BBoAa B 3r(C[JryaTaui.rro Ho-
srrx o6reKroB nportbnu.teHHoro crporire.TbcrBa npeAycrrarpHBarcr H a-
p oA Ho.\oss fi crBeH u u ii p e 3 e p B.
Ftrarpysovuufi (u a c r o r H u li) pe3epB rrpeAcraBJrfler co6ort vrou{.
Hocrb, neo6xoAilMlto A,tfl noAAepx( aHVf, B cr.tcreMe 3a.IallHoro ypoBHq
qacrorbl npH BH_etr"IIaHoBbIx KparKoBpeivreHHbrx, Hocfulrrx cnyvariirorfi
xapaKrep, xole6aHHflx Hafpy3KH. 3Ha,{eHHe 3TOr-O pe3epBa, KaK no-
Ka3brBaer olrbrr 3Kc[JryarauHir, 3aBHCHT OT,VaCUtra6a H xapaKTepa
norpe6rire.,'reir H o6riqHo Koile6rercq B npeAe/iax or 4-5 ok l,itn 3Hep-
Focrrcrel{ c rfaKcriMa"rysruol:r uarpysxol-"r B_5 M;-rH. xBr lo l_l,S yo
Arfl o6teAliueHHbrx oi{eprocHcreM c Harpysrcofi, npeBbrr.ilarcuei{ 25_
30 vrrrH. xBr. Ve,v 6o.toirrc grroHoBiteHHa,q. .,\roLt(Hocrb gHepeocucreil.ht,
reil 'tteHbtue B npo4eHTHo.rt OTHOLU7H.LIU rpe6gercn uaepgsouuotti pe-
3ep8, Lt, uao6opor, qett ileHbute ACTaHos/telHa,q. ,uoulHocrb cucre,+{t)L
c orHoctlTenbHo KpAnHbLilu noTpedurettn*tu oHepeuu, Te,H jonoute dott-
ttceu^6t tro gdettonoui eec HaepAsoqHoeo pese pla.
oco6eunocrbro Harpy3oqHoro pe3epBa flBJrrercfl To, r{To orr Bcer4e
AoJIi*(eFI 6uro roroB K Hcnoi'Ib3oeaHLIto. 3rieproclrcreMa e rrc6ot'r MC.
MeHT BpeMetrH Aonx(Ha HM pacnoJrararb, Anff Toro qro6ti BocnprrH.qrrr
c.rryuar?Ho Bo3HlrKtuyrio Harpy3Ky. 3ro 3Har{HT, uro HaepA3oraniui pe-
aeps donwen 6otra cocpedorotteH H0, BpaLL+antL+uxcn eepeeo.Tax. Enn3TO|O a.rpefaTbr .3_neKTp_ocrauqafi, BeAyrr{Hx qacrory, pa6oraror c He_
xoropofi HeAorpy3xofi. B KasecrBe raKHx orrexrpociaHrrnli o6uquo uc-
noJrb3ylor KpynHbre sJreKrpocraHr{HH c BbrcoKoMaHeBpeHHbrM O6Opy-
AoBaHHer{, KaKoBhrMri MoryT 6urr B nepBylo oqepeAb rnApoe.rieKTpo-
CTA HI{H tI.
7-64 t0 97