B 1972 f. I{K K|]CC H CoBer Mnuncrpoe CCCP npHHn/rH nocra-
HOBJreH,r{e <o6 ycriJer{rrL{ oxpar{br rrpHpoAbr ri yfly,{lUeHr.iH
HCnoJrb3oBa HHfl np Hp oALrbrx p e cy p co B)>. VreepxAeHsr
<<l-Ipaeu"na oxpaHbi noBepxHocrHbIX BoA or 3arpr3Hei-rHs cror{-
t.lblMH BoAaMH>. 3ra npaBH,rta flBilfltoTcfl o6agare.TbHbtN{ lt /Jrfl, Bcex
BI'IAOB BOAOiIOTpe6rreHAq H BbItlorTFIeFille HX KOI{TpOJ'IHpyeTCfl CO-
oTBeTCTByroi-IlHMIi CJIyxi6o*tu focy;tapcTBelrI{oro CHHHrapiioro -rraA-
3opa.
Oco6oe sHaqeHrie HMeer rrocrarrcBreFrrre Ill( K[ICC rr Coeera &ta-
FIHCTpoB CCCP <O uepax ilo npctorgpauer{rlro 3arpfl3ue-
Hrir 6accer'rHoe peK Bolrrr r{ Vpana HeoqLrueHHbrMH
croqHbrMrr Bo.taMr'r>> (1972 r.), n r{oropo}r 6nrno ripe.qyc}rorpeHo,
tITo Ii 1980 r. Bo BCex ropoAax, pacnoJrox(eHHbrx ua 6eperax 3Trrx per(,
AorriHbI 6stro no/rHocrbro npeKpau{eHbr c6pocrr HeoqrrilIeHHbrx crorr-
HbIx Bo.x. Heo6xolnlrbte MeponpLtfrTprrr o6ecneqriBarHCL, coorBercrB):-
rou{HM cpnHarici.ipoBaHue\r. 3ro nocrauoB,'reHrie 6rt;ro B ocHoBHo}r BbI-
noJ HeHo.
Paseeput'T an nporpail{ li a noAoxo:q r:icreenuol"r !( BoAooxp anrioir gen-
Te"r'IbHocru BCex orpac,reir HapoAr{olo xorqrlcrna crpaHbr 6nr,ra ofipe-
AerreFra rocraHoBreHrrelr uK I(ilCC H Coeera &luuucrpoa CCCP B
i978 r. <O aono.rrHtrre.'rbFrbrx Mepax no ycH/reHHio o.\pa.
Frbr npHpol1br rr ,vayqlUeHprrc HCno.ilbsoBaHHfl npHpor't-
HbrxpecypcoB>>.
3a nepno.4 ilrex(-ry XXIV H XX\r-l c'be3raMlr KfICC npaBrrrerrbcrBD
CCCP yrBepril"ro pfljl 3aKoHor3TB.,-rbHbrX aKToB, pa3Br{Barcu{HX or-
AeJ'lbtlble nOnOXieH;lf OCFIOB BO:'lHOfC 3aKOHO.laTe,tibCTBa: nO,,lOXieHL{e
o foc)'AapcrBeHHoM vqere BoA H Lrx Hcrro.rrb3oBaHt{rr, o nopflAr(e Be-
AeHHr rocyAapcrBeHHoro KaAacrpa, o ttops,{Ke paepa6orxlr cxeM Kor{-
nJeKCHOfO HCIjOIb3OBaHI{fl ri OXpaHbr BOil, O I]OpffA]ie opfaHri3arli{u vl
KoopArrHar{H[r it'reponprlrTrrl"{, o6ecne.ntBaFou{HX HaArex(ail{ee TexHH-
qecKoe cocroflFure w 6laroycrpoficrBo BoAoxpaHu"ruru{, o npoBeAeFrurr
HayqHo-HccfleAoBarerbcKHx H rtpaKTrrr{ecKux pa6or no npo6.nettau
nepe6pocKr riacrll croKa ceBepHbrx lr cH6npcK,HX peK B roi{(Hbre pafi-
oHbi crpaHbr, no oxpaHe BoArrbrx pecypcoB B 6accefiirax r{epHoro,
.Asoecxoro, Eanruricxoro H KacnuircKoro r'roperi, o3epa Eairna,r Hpsa
ApyfHx.
Vxasaunble 3aKoHorareJibrrbre a r(Tbr cos;la.rru flpa BoByro ocHoBy Ajrfl
HavqHo o6ocHonaHHoro nrr arrHpoBalrnfl BoAoxo3ff frcreeHHnrx [.{eportpn-
xtHft, paIIi:toHaJlbuoro HcnoJIb3oBaHHfl BoA lr rocyAapcrBeHHoro yrrpaB-
JIeHHS H.cnoJrb3oBaHHeM H oxpauort BOAHbrx pecypcoB.
3a noc;teAHee AecxrHJIerHe BBeAeHo B axcnnyararlHpo 6onee 20 ror-
cfis I(pynHbIX I(oMnJieKcoB or{HcrHbrx coopyx{eHnfi, c6poc HeoqHil{etr-
HbIX croqlrbrx BoA yMeHb[raJrcfl B cpeAHeM Ha 2,6 olo B rotr. B peaynn-
Tare rtpHMeFIeHI{q B npor,rbrrrJIeHHocrH o6oporHoro soAoc}ia6ii(eFrHrt
H a[napaToB Bo3AytXHOfO OX.rtax{AeHlrfi no.liyrieua 3r(O]roN,rr.trr ceelt(ert
BoAbi roJIbKo B 1979 f., cocraBriBirrafi 64 7o (coornercrByrourero Bo-
Aonorpe6neunn)
OrpoltHste pa6oru no o6ecne,rerlnro paquoHaJrbuoro o6cryxtuna.
ltHfl npoMbltuJlet{uocrH H HaceJreHHrI npecHofr BoAofi ocyqecrBnfftorcrr
86
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n Mocxee. Ha oAHa CToJII{Ua Mllpa He 3l{aer pa6or noAO6uoro Mac-
rura6a.
B npnunroir B Ig77 r. uoeofi Koncrnryqllrl CCCP npoBo3r,/'Iaue'
sO: <<B LlHrepecax H&CToflwpeo u 1ydyuleeo notdottenufi e CCCP npLL-
HLt.+tanrcn rueo6xodu,vtaLe f,tepbL dttn oxpaHbt. tt HaAqHo o1octoaaHHoeo,
paqLtoH.arlbHoeo ucnoltbSo7aHLtfl Serrtr'LLL u ee Hedp, BooHbLx pecapcoS,
pacTLLTe ttbHoeo u ucu7oTHoeo tuLupa dttn coxpaHeHufL B ttLtcToTe sffi)axa
u aodot, o1ecnerreHun Bocnpouseodcrla npupodnotx 1oearcra u ArtlJq'
LueHLLTL oKp!/Ma.tol4ert cpe0at>. B xaqecree oAsoir [13 ocFloBuutx o6ssaFI-
Hocrefr rp'ax<r1aH CCCP e I(oHcrHryqHli sanHCarto: <<fpswdane CCCP
o6nsauot 6epeuo npupody, o.vpaHfl.rb ee 6oearcraa>.
Bonpocnr oxpaHbr npHpoAbr Har.uJrr.r raKiKe AocroilHoe orpaiKeHHe
B <<OcuoBI{brx HattpaBJIeHllrx 3KotioMlIqecKof o 11 co-
uHa"rbHoro pa3Blrrrlr CCCP rra 1986-1 990 roAbi H Ha
nepHor Ao 2000 roAa)>. B Hrrx orlrellaercr Heo6xoAti\{ocrb
...(<nocileAoBarejlbHo y,'lyquIaTb o.\paHy BOAHbIx pecypcoB crpaHbl.
3aeepiulrrl BbtnoilHeHHe ocHoBHbtx MeponpHqrttt't Io oxpaHe 03epa
Ealixa,r, 6acceftuoe EanruiicKofo, Kacni-riicl(oro, uepHoro H AeoncKoro
uoper'r. flpo4onxurl ocyu{ecrB.rreHHe KoM["']eKCa Mep rro oxpaHe Bo-
AoeMoB ApxrtrqecKoro 6acceitua, Cpe4uer'r AsrlH H KasaxcraHa, a
TaKX(e no ya)'qLUeHHro coCTOgHlrf I,raJrbrx peK Ir tsoAo;\paHHJ-IHlrl,. 6o;ree
pat1rrorra,,tbHo t{CnoJIb3oBarb BoAHIrte pecypcbl. lloestcHrr eQQexrnn-
rrocrb pa6orr,i or{HCTFIbtx coopyxerlHii tt ycra FIoBot{>. Tpy:rHo nepe-
OIIetlHTb 3rlaqeHHe I;-Ifi yCHJ-IellHtl OXpatlbI BOJHbi.\ pecypCOB CO3Aall-
Horo B l9B7 r. focyeapcrBeHFloro Kor'tHrera CCCP no oxpatte nptl-
pollbl.
IIpoaodu.vote B naweil crpaHe eodooxpaHHbLe ileponpunTufl. or-
nnAo He nporulonocralrx.nrcrcrr npeo6pasoaoHuto peqHoeo croria. Ha-
nporuB, oHLt flBnttrcTC.s. o6nsarettbHbt.tt Kotv.rloH€HTo,+L no spefieHHo,ttlJ
u reppuropu(lrlbHo,flg nepepacnpedelleHun croKu. flpH eroM, pa3yN{e.
ercg, AoJrxiHbI 6rrrn fipHHrrbi Heo6xoAlilIble r!{epbI IIo cH:HH{eHHrc HJIII
rroJIHoMy npeAorBpau{eHHro HerarHBHbIX rsreHafi, Bce eu{e HepeAKo
conyrcrByrorrlHx co3AaHIIrc KpyilHbIX BOAOXpaHHJIHIq H MenHOpaTHB-
HbIX CHCTEM.
B o6"'lacrH Hcnorb3oBaHr{fl H oxpaHbr BoAHblx pecypcoB HeJrb3r He
orMerlrrb raKxie corpyAHlrqecrBo CCCP c aapy6ex(HblMrI crpaFIaMH
H B nepByro oqepeAb crpaHalrn C3B no I{cnor'Ib3oBaHHn norpaHHrIHbrx
BoA. B pesy.rinrare ABycroponHero B3arrMoBbtroAHoro corpyAHriqecrBa
nocrpoeH pflA ueo6xoApt',rur.x rnnpoy3JroB KoMirJrexcHoro Ha3HaqeHHR
B raKHX crpanax, KaK BHP, MHP, IIHP, CPP, [{CCP, a raK}Ke B
@HurRsAwu, I4pa.He H Apyrnx conpeAeJrbHbrx crpaHax.
B 1976 r. BbnrrJ,ro nocraHoBrreHrre UK KfiCC.H Conera MaHHcrpoB
CCCP <O Mepax ro rpeAorBpaureHHrc 3arpff3HeHHfl
6accefiHoe t{epHoro H AsoBcKoro Mop€fi>, B Koropor'{ npe-
AycMarpHB&.{ocb ocyqecrBllrb noMirJIeKc MeponpHxtttit, BKnnqafl
BHeApeHHe nporpeccHeHori T€XFrorotHI{ rtpor{3BoAcrBa, o6ecneqHBaro-
uIHX noJrnoe rpeKpau{enHe c6poca FreoqHr.rleHIlblx xosriicteeuso-6ttro-
Bbrx H npoMr,ruJreHHbrx cror{rrbrx BoA B BoAoeMbr 6accefiuoa tlepxoro
H Agoecxoro MoDeIi.
87