B GAoxo 3nfi,crB eH HbI e K o M rr Jr e KC br (BXK), r4JrH KoMriJieKC-
Hbre B oAoxo3srlcrBeHHbre cHcreM br (BXC).
TaKHe cHCTeMbI FlenpeMeHHo BKl-troez]ot e ce6s BoAoxpaHHflHU{a rr
MHofol{e"neeoll, He ToiIbKo oxBarbrBaeT cBoH},t BJTIHfl}tHeM 6o,lnruue
TeppHTopHH, HO H HMeeT BeCbMa CJrOlKHbre H rlpoqHbre cBfl3H Co CMeX{-
HbrMH OTpaCileBbrMH CHCTeM aMH, qro, ciloco,6creyer 6orree eQQexrHn-
HOMy pa3MeuleHHrc H HCIIOJTb3OBaHHTO ,npOti3B'oAHTe/rbHbrx cH",'I H nJra-
uolrepnofi opraHH3arrHH oxpaHbr orpyxarouler? cpeltr. Taxnvn cH.
CTCMAT{PI IIPCi*(IC BCC|O flB.IIflrOTCfl 3HEPTCTHqCCKHC, B KOTOPL,IX BOAHbIC
peclrpcbr_HCnoJrb3yroTCr{ Fre TO"{bKO A.r'rfl npoH3BO.ICTBa 3.[eKTp03H0p-
rLili Ha 13C, Ho H lJlfl, o6ecneqeltHfl TexHo.,rorHsecKHX Hyxl re[,r-ro-
Bbtx H aroMHbrx sJreKTpocraHqufi. kIs ApyrHX cMetfiHbrx oTpac"rreBbrx
cHcret!{ Mox{Ho Ha3Barb rpaHCnoprHyFo (cyAoxoAcreo H .necocnriae).
B coBpeMeHHbtx ycJloBliflx rocrux{eHHe uan6orrrruefi 3KoHoMHqe-
cxo r? aQQ exruB Hocrir Qy uruno H r{p oB a H H.fl BoAoxosq ['r crneHHbrx cHcr ei\,r
Ha.\o.dHrcfl e np;-ltoit 3aB!icHMocTH or creneHH 3aperi/iinpoBaHnocrti
peqHoro croKa. tiervr Bbtue creneHb 3apefyitHpoBaHHocru, TeM 6ont-
utnfi 3KoHoMriqecxnil a$Qexr M.o)KHo noryr{tirb or QyHKuHoHHpoBaHHs
cHcrell. OAHaxo .1ax(e ilpt{ nonuol'r saperyJrHpoBaHHocrH Her Aocra-
TOqrIblX yc.lOenl'r A.IIq rfipriBe;1erl1ff B rrOJHOe COOTBeTCTBHe rpe61'elrO-
ro pexiHNta HcnoJIb3oBaHHf BOArrbrx pecypcoB oTAeJrbrrbrMrr yqacTrrrr-
K3I:!H BOAOXO3flI'lCTBeHtlOfO KOMIIr'leKCa H BO3MOH{HOCTerl BOAOxpaHH-
nHII1a. Bcel-Aa Bo3MoixHu nepe60H B HoprvraanHoir pa6ore cHcreMbr.
Henolsafl 3aperynlrpoBaHHocTb peqHoro croxa B ],rHoroBoAFrbre ile-
pHoAbi co3AaeT us6ltrxa BoAbI, KoTopbie He Moryr 6srrn Hc[oJ'Ib3oBa-
HEiI npaKTHqecKI'I BceMH KoMlroHelrraMH KoMrrreKca, KpoMe prr6Horo
Ae noflBJrfletcr_s_araqa yKpynHerrHfi H o6reAHseHnq paHee co3AaH_
HbIX BXC. B CCCP H sa py6ex(olr HaKorJreH 3HarrHrei'rrHrrrir onbrr'co3AaHHff KpyIIHbtx BHyrpHdaccefiHoBbrx H uex6accerinoeux BXC,
nPH3BaHHbIx peiliarb salarrH soAoo6ecneqeln{fl oTp3c",IeLi HapoAHoro
xossilcrea.
llocxo.unKy r{a cocrofiHHe H $yuruuoHHpoBaHHe BoAoxo3ffficreeH-
Hbrx cacreM MoryT oKa3arb nlrHflHHe BHeilJHne Saxropbr, HMeroilIHe B
ceoefi ocHoBe cryuariHne cocraBJrflroruHe (pexHivr croKa, eo4onorpe6_
7A
oTAeIbHbIMH KOMIIOHet-ITaMH, TO HX MOX(HO C i]OriHbIM OCII0BaHI{eM OT-
r{ecru K p a3pflAy r<H6epuerHqecKi'Ix.
Msoroqer'reBoti xapaKTep BoAoxo3rrficreeFiHoI:i cHCTeMbt (xorurn-
JIeK;ca) npu Ha",IHqHi.{ nporHBopequli B HCr{o"r-Ib3oBanHr,r BoAbI Mex{Ay
ee yrracrHHKaMH ofipeAerfler npucyutyro efi oco6euuocrb. Heo6xoAn-
ilrocrb yqera ee orHoBpeMeHHo c HeflpepbIBHo B03pacratou{el"r Ae$H-
uHTHocrbio BoAHbIX pecypcoB, cnyuatiHul,t wrw HeonpeAeJIettHblM xa-
paKTepoM HcxoAHoft r-rH$op'r,raunn Ae,'Iaror coorBeTcTBylou{He pacr{eTbi
xpaiine cfloltiubrMH KaK B MeToAHr{ecKoM orriotrleHHH, TaK LI lpH BbI-
rrHCreHHH Ha 3BM.
kIt ax, a od o xo s nfi.cr a e nnan c ucr e lvla - 3T o tHHo e o 4e lt e I a,1, ue p a p x u-
qecrcafl u HenpepbrcHo pa3lulanutancn cucreil.e c 6ottawLt,rt KorLLL4e-
crBo.ilt BsaLl.+toclflsaHHbt x tt Bsau,uodertcregrcr4ux g/LenreHTos (rco,uno-
ueuroa), Beponr Hocr Har. no ceoeti cptrcttrco-.*LoreileT uqecrcoti npupode.
OrHaxo Kolrn"rleKcrroe HCIro.rbsoBaHHe Botrrbrx pecypcoB e CCCP
nofiBH,Tocb eu{e ro roro, rar cQopMHpoBaiTHCb BXC e coBp€^\{eHHoM
TIoHtIMaHHH HX 3Har{euHq. HaqaJIo eMy noiro}KeHo JIeHHHCKHM nJIaHoM
fO3JiPO. Boloxp aHHitHU.{a raKux f3C, riax Bonxoacrax, !,HenpoB-
cKar, HnxHecnHpcKafl H prA ,4pyrHX, rrocrpoer-rHbrx no 3ToMy rrJiaHy,
He TOJjbKO CJryjt(H"rlH UeJIflM fHApO3HepfeTHKr-i, FrO H OAHOBpeMeHHO
cnoco6crBoBaJrH ynyquieHHro H pa3BHTrilo BoAHoro rpaHcnopra H Bo-
Aoclra6;'xeHHq Frexoropbr.\ npoMbnrlJreFrHbr.\ npelnpnxruir H FraceJrer{-
rrbrx nvrrKroe. OrrraKo B Te ro.[br xo3flHHoM Bor,br, r]o c]/qecrBy, 6srra
ra orpacJlb HapolHoro xossiicrea, AiIfi xoropoir B nepByro oqepeAb
6trn coopyx(eH AaHr-rurri ru.r,poy3e.II. Ho H npii 3ToM Ko].{rrJ'reKcrroe }IC.
no"rlb3oBaHHe Borrrbrx pecypcoB 6rtro aKoHor{Hr{ecKH 6o"nee BbrroAHo,
qeill rlClo.r-rb3oBaFiHe HX .tJrfl xaxorl-.,r1r60 0luofr uerrn. B oror{ cMbICJIe
BoroxpaHs.THlr{e fOC, c ilovou{bro KoToporo 6orruu-nrcrBo }rrzcrHH:
KoB BoAoxo3rir:creeuHoro tloMrrreKca yAoBJIeTBopflror cBoH norpe6uo-
crrl B BoAe, HMeeT Hcxrior{HTe.!-IbHoe 3HaqeHHe. Ono npaKTHr{eci{IT
Bcer.la HMeeT KoMrrJIeKCHoe Ha3riaqegHe. ilpelctaB,rreHHe o 4eircray-
rourlix B CCCP BoAoxpaHHnHU{ax KoMnJreKcHoro Ha3HaqeHHff AaeT
ttut"Xolrer 
orMerrrb Bo3Mo)Krroe onpeAeJieHHoe nporHBopeqHe Mex(-
Ay orAeJIbHbtltt{ yqacrt{HKaMtr BoAoxo3rrrlcreerrFroro Koil{ti.rteKca npH
HCnOnb3OBaHHH BOIHbTX peCypCOB.
Tax, eoAHori'r rpaHcropr 3aHHrepecoBarr B rroAAepli(arinH cyAoxoA-
uux rly6Hn B HHlhHeM 6re$e I-3C B HaBHrar{Horrrurr'r nepHoI, KpoNre
Toro, B 3To x{e BpeMa rpe6yeTcg Aono.,'rtrHTeJrbliafl BoAa A.frr opofie-
HHq, eCJrH OHa Sa6Hpaercff lry(e crBopa f3C. 3uavrrr, o6e srH orpac-
lH 6ynyr rpe6oBarb or fAC [oBbIU]eFrHbrx pacxoAoB noAbr jTeToM,
T. e. r(aK pa3 TofAa, KorAa sHepfeTHKa B cBfl3H C Ce3Or-rHbrM CnaAOM
Tex P0K, I{H}l{nHe yqacTKH KOTOpbTX cnyx(aT MecraMr.r IrepecTa psr6,
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