IJ ali6or'rluree p acnpocrp aHeHHe rloJr!Hrr,r rriAp aBxrr'.{ecr<uij
ocpeAHeuHoft rpueofi pacxoAoB, 6es yuera eereerl rro4'beN.la H
uueu Qopny.ltr IIJesu
Q : <oC VN, (3.14)
rAe o - nnoulaAb no[epeqHoro ceqeHnfl; C _ rosQSHqHeHr Illesa, 3aBncffulr.r["r or
uepoxoBarocrrr AHa peKH; R - ruapas,'niqecxrrir paAH,vc; / _ yx"toH eoAHoir rronepx_
Hocrr{. flpuunuaercs, qro Roft.pi
(3. r5)
3Aecn n - xos$QHr(rreHr urepo.\oBarocru; lJ - swnv,pnqecrufi xoatp$iiulrerrr. 3ilaqe-
HIlc- nOKa3aTe.[fl CTeI]eFIll g OnpeAenfeTCfl IIO;IaHHblM It3MepeHIIfl paC.\O/1OB BOAI-I
irplr BbrcoKoM ):poBHe.
flprr HaJir.rLrun{ Ira perie riacr(axoB r14 r,po3.;rerirpocraFrilrir:i ypoBr,iH
BOIbi B HHj(HHX 6leQaX 6yAyr saBHcerb rre ToirbKo or pacxoAoB
peKH, HO H OT ypOBHff BOAbr B CTBOpe HHiKepaCIO,'IOX{eHHOfi rr"rloTHHbr.
B 3ToM cryqae. BMecro 3aBHCHMocrrr Q:Q (z) Hcrro,lb3yror 3a-
BHCHITOCTT Q:Q (Zr, Zr), rAe Zr - ylloBeHb BOAbI B H3yqaeMoivl CTBO-
pe; Zz - ypoBerib BoAbl B cTBope nOAIIOpHoro Coopy]KeFIIit{,
lloc'rpoeuue r(priBoii cBo6oAHoft rroBepxHocru, rracrHbrM cryr{aeM
I(oropoft fB.rffercfl KpHBar noAnopa, noApodHo paccMarptrBaercfl B
Kypce rHApaB,'rHKir.3lecn yKaxielt roJrbKo Ha HeKoropbre o6uliae
IIpHHUHnbT nOCTpOeLrHff .
CyuecreyrcLrine MeroAbr rrocrpoenr.rfl KpHBbrx cBo6oAHori noBepx-
HOCTH }iolriHO pa3Ae,lHrb Ha ABe fpyflnbr. K nepBor'{ rpynI]e orHo-
ctrT MeToAbr, ocHoBaHHbre Fra 3aMer{e AeftcTBHTer'ibHofo pyc,'ia peKH
Ha paccMaTpHBaeN{oNr yr{acTKe Ha rrc6oe $uxrneiroe pycJro (qHrraHl-
pHqecKoe, Tpa[eueHAanbHoe, npfiMoyfoJrbHoe, napa6oJrHqecKoe pi r. A.).
B MeroAax Bropofr rpyrrrtbr HCrro,{b3yior HerocpeACTBerrHo xapaK-
TepHCTHKH npOIyCKHOft CnOCO6HOCTH pyCJra, [O.,'r]9?e Mbr€ Ha OCHO-
BAHHH AAHHbIX THAPOUETPHH"
,0,nrrxeune BoA!{ B ecrecrBeHHl,rx BoAoroxax BcerAa nBJrsercrr HepaBHovepHbrM-
3ro o6yc,rosilHiJaercrr reu, sro )'Krotrb{ AHa H nonepeqHbre ceqernrfl pycra B 3Ha-
qntentnofi creneHli l{3Merrflrorcff BAonb 
'rroroKa. 
3rrr QaxropH npHBoArr K ToM),, qro
HenocPeAcrneHHoe nocrpoeHHe rpnnoit cno6ogsou noBep.\Hocrn Ha ocrroeanurr 4uQ-
QepeuqxanbHoro ypaBHeHHR HepaBHoMepHofo ABH)(eHufl BoAb[ B cnyqae €cr€crB€Hr
Horo pycna He npeAcraBnrrercr Bo3HolKHbrM. floarouy cy[lcrByer 6olrruoe qr{cJro
MeroAoB npn6aHxenr{oro nocrpoeHHn xpnaoir ceodoluoti fioBepxHocrx.
3aAasuoe pyc.rto pas6rraaercf, Ha orAeJrbHbre yrracrKll, B npe4enax Koropbrx xpn-
nyrc cao6o.qnoii' noBep.\Hocrr{ cqfiTarcr npnuofi auHneli, lilretouer'l ror Hn}r apyroir
yKnoH. llpu nocrpoeal.rH xpxnori'roAnopa fiporfli+(eHnocrb paccMarpnBaer{oro yqacr-
NA peKI{ OfparrHqHBa}oT cTBOpoM n.rroTHtrbr H cTBopoM B KoHue BoAoxpaH}t.,rHqa,
o"'-;X"J?lTilff"rt-'.J.:"X;;o"i-alorcn 
saAarlHtilMR (ir rocronHHrrMlr ,, Bce*'r
yvacrre) $opua nonepevnoro H npoAonbHoro npoQuan pyc.Ta, rcosQ$Hrllrenl lrlepo-
xoBaTocrr.r pycna Ir KpItBbre cB13!r.
tlttc.llo pacqerrlbrx yqacrKoB peKrt HaMeqaror D 3atsHcrrMocrrr or HaJrflrrHn HcxoA-
ttofi utt$opMaqHll no Nax{AoMy H3 HHX H yKnoua gua. llpn 6oauuHx yKnonax cne-
46
AyeT cTpcl{ilTbcff K coKpau{eHl{to ;L.1Hi{il }'qacTKoB ("-eeluvnaafi H--r tiHc.lo), rttrl,pas-
rHqecKne xaparirepxcrrrKli KoropLix npHHHMatorcR tro ]{HTepnonfiq}*i. f1aleHne ypoB-
Hfl rra Vqacrxe F{e J,o.'r;Kr{o npeBbrurarb 0,5*l lr.
3araqa nocrpoeHirn rpriaoii cao6oqHort noBepxHocrn AJtfl 3a,q,aHHoro yqacrxa
peKr{ (Bo.loxpaHirnrru{a) 3aKJr}oqaeTcs B Haxo}KAeHHH oTMeToK ypoBHfi BoAb{ B pac-
cMarpflBaeMb{x ceqeHrrflx npn 3aAaHubr.x 3HaqeHHfi.\ pacxoAa eoAH. [nn nocrpoeunf
rpneoir noAflopa, KpoMe rofo, npHnrrMaercfi 3aAaHHaq oTr{erKa B creope fliorHHb{
{pnc. 3.9).
Vpoeens Bo;T,br B 3HilrtiHX yciloBlitrx (npH ria"1'rHqlrH JIeAffHoro
noKpoBa) B 3aBHcr{Mocr}r or pacxo^xa oIpeAe,lffeTCq no KpHBopi
Q:Q(z) , nocrpoeHHoft Au'rr orKpbrroro pycra, c BBeAeririeN{ B 3Ha-
qeHHfi pacxola BoAbr froilpaBoqHofo KO3QQHr{HeHTa Ha 3HivlHHe ycJro-
Bvrfl. kr. QuxrueHuft pacxol (,rerunf,r) Q", Ailn Koroporo no srofi
KpHBOft Orpe.1.e.:'IfeTCfl ypoBeHb BoAbr, HaxoAHrcfl lro soprrtyne
]ieToA 3KCTp aIo,-i nLiH]]
cnaAa, c HcIonb3oBa-
Pac. 3.9. Kpusue 3aBucr{}(ocrn
pacxoAa BoAbr or ypoBHff npH
Ha,lfiqilH froAnop a
7M
I_-Re
n
I
/'\ Q,
Vn: ;-
D
(3. r 5)
r{e Q: - AaKrHqecKnfi pacxoA BoAbI B sHMHHX ycrroBusxi Qa - Snx-
THBHbrrl pacxoA BoAbI, KoroPblir Hcno",tr3yercf Anff o[peAeJreHHs ypoB-
Hfl BOAbI B.3!{MHHX YCNOBHflX.
3uaqeriue k, BCerAa MeHbrrle eAliHr{qbt rr 3aBHCHT or creAyn-
IIIHX QaXrOpoe: cTeneHrr cTecHeHHfi pyc,'ra JIeAsrrbrM noKpoBoM H
ruyrofr; xapaKrepa o6paaoeaHnn neAriHofo noKpoBa H efo cocTofl-
Hr{fl, pacxola BoAbr, Qopnu xiHBOfo ceqeHHfi H T. A. 3Haqesns k,
AJIfl AaHHOTO CTBOpa lv{eHqIOTCfi IiaK nO rOAaM, TaK H B TeqeHHe
3HMbI.
f uaponorHqecKHe pacqerbr npoBoAffT AJtfl ofipeflsJr€:
HHq XapaKTepHcTHKH peKH KaK O6',beKTa BOAOXO3flftCTBeHHOTO H 3Hep-
TETHIiECKOTO HCIIOJIb3OBAHHg. OCHOEHSII'I MCTOAO]V THAPOJIOfHqCCKHX
pacqeToB AJrfl ollpeAeneiiHfi xapaKTepHcTHKr.i peqHoro cToKa rrBJrgeTcfl
r{cno.,'rb3oBaHr,ie H o6oollleriHe MarepHaIoB fHApoMerpHrrecKHX Ha6rro-
AeHHfi Ha AaHHoir peKe sa Anr{reirbHbrfi nepuoA. llprn 3roM rrpHHH-
MaeTcfl, .qTo yc.{oBprrr oop}fHpoBaHrrfi cTor(a Ha nepHoA 3Kcrr;T}ZlT?r{r{tr
rrrApo3rrepferHqecKofo o6beKTa 6ylyr re )Ke, rrro H B npeAuecrByro-
ulHe crpolrreJjbcrBy roAbr. Ecrpr f HApoMeTpHqecKHe Ha6nroAeHHfi
B CTBOpe peKH flBJIffTOTCff KpaTKOBpeMeHHbrMH, TO CneAyeT ilcrr0Jrb-
47