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PHc. 3.6. K onpeteacHr{}o pacxoAa BoAbr Q [crrr. Sopr'ly.rry
(3.12) l
lleHee roriHyro oL(eHKy cpeArieir cKopocrlr rr{oxHo no,r}qt'trb, nor'Ib3}rcb 3aBtcIt-
MOCTbro
L,: uo.6ti. (3.1 I )
Pacro;l Bo.[,bt a npr{ Bb{r{HC.r'rcH}rbrii 3HaqeHLIflK cpeAI{eii cKopocrII ilo Kax(Aoi{
BepTHKar'rri Bbrqllc.{Hercfl no Qopvyle
e:L'r&)^-r- / ut*u' ) .o,*. .. +(irlitn\ 
2
- 3 I u ' \ z I ' ' \ 2 
=)'n-t*T'o'n' (3'12)
I.Ae 'rtr, oz, t)^ - cpeAHlre CKOpOCTU nO BepTHKa/[fl[I, 0)1, . . ., o)n - nJIOU{aAI{
aor,Ho[o ceqeHl{r N{ex(Ay BeprIiKansMn (pac. 3-6).
3alroii pacxo.qbr orrpejle,lqtorcfl B roM iKe crBope, qro Ii neroM. CrcopocrH re-
qeurrfl onpeAenrlorcs grruoir no rer{ )Ke BeprltKaJIffM, qro It,'leroM- L{ncao roqeK IIa
BeprHKa;Tl{J.BennqnRaror .{,o uecrr{, qro o6tscHflercfl or,'I}{qtleM Qopusl snuueft xpn-
noii pacnpere.rleHutt cKopocreii lo eeprllKa'rH or lerseit
,[,"qq noCTpoeHI.{fl KpHBo}'t 3aBHCI'lMocrl-I paCXoAa BoAbI oT ypoBLIf
Boitbr B KoHr{perF{oh{ cTBope HCnoJb3ylo'r AaHHble Hs6",1ioA€Hl{ft lI H3-
I{epeFprr:i B pacc}.IaTpliBaei\toM cTBope, a TaK}Ke, €Cr'IH 3THX AaHHb'IX
I{eAocrarorrHo, AaHI{bIe no cMexilIbIM crBopaM Ha 3Toft x(e peKe-
Csaqala crpoHTcfl KpHBafl pacxoAoB B soHe HeilocpeAcrBeHl{blx
H3it{epeHHr? pacxoAoB. BoAbr, 3areM [poBoAHTcfl 3Kcrpalio.rlfll{Hfi KpH-
Boir 3a npeAe/It'I yKa3anl{oft soult.
KpuBafl 3aBlIclII\'IocTH pacXO.q,a BOAbI oT ypOBi{fl
cTpotrTcf coBr!{ecTHo c KpriBbrMII 3aBIICItMOCT[i ilJIOUIaAH X{HBO| O
Ceqerllrf o II CpeAHeiI nO ceqeHHlo cKOpOcTlI o oT ypoBH_f- BoAbI z.
Bce KpHBbre crpoffTcfl 1l;1fI oAIIoro cerleHIIfl peKH (Pnc. 3.7).
Xapaxrep KpHBot'r pacxoAa 3aBHcHT oT pflAa AorloJlHHreJIbI{bIX
Sarcropoe, xotOplt* AonX{Hbt yttHTL,1BaTbct{ ilpH gOCTpOeHHH. K HHN'1,,
B rlepByro OqepeAb, oTFIOCffTcfl: Qasa IIaBOAKa, HartHt{lie nOArlOpa
oT Hrix"(enelxalqeft IIJIorHHbl, Ae$opN{aUHfl pycna B npoqecce Bcero
nepHoAa rienocpeAcrBeHFrbrx Ha6firoAeHI{ri 3a croKotvl B AaHHoM crBo-
pe n Ap.
Ilocrpoerrrre xpneofi pacxoAoB 3ax.rrror{aercx B HaHecettrH na rpa$nr B cl{creMe
KoopAHHar z (op.u,rrrraru) u Q (a6currccu) rouex QantNuecxt{ 3aMePetlllLilx pacxoAoB
B9AH tr B npoBeAer{trH no grtrM roqxaNr naaeHot? xpreoit napa6o,'tttuecKoro rHrIa.: Ha
ToM :fte rpacprrxe crpolrrcn KprrBan 3aBr.rcHltocrH nnotqaAeit BoAttl,t.x ceqetttlfr or yp0B-
rrefr noAr,r no AaHi{brM npo\{epoB uoAiloro ceqellllfl, npoBoAltMblx flpll Il3Mepe}lHll pac-
xoAoB BoAbi. 3a npe4errai\{r{ 3oubr, n xoropofi I{3MepHnHcb pacxo,q,bl BoAbl, Kp}IBatl
nJIoUaAefi MolKeT 6urt npoeeAelta l{a ocHoBaHIII{ pe3ynbraroB nnaHttN'leTpllpoBaHHs
44
I - Q:QQ): 2 -to:to(z); 3 - s:t,(zl
IIofiepeqlloro nocQti-rn.q,o.ltiubr B pacc.varpHBaeMo]r crBope. Taxoir npocpn.ro no,r1'-
qalor nyreM coorBeTcra)'rcu{eli Hr{BerTHpoBKu.
Kpusax saBr{clrMocrti cpernu.\ no ceqeHrrro cKopocrerl or vpoaueir crpoHrcfi Ha
roil{ xe rpaQnxe.
flpoeepnoir npaBH.'Ibuocrll nocrpoeHHfl KpHBori pacxo-loe rrBrflercq co6;riodeuxe
ycnoBIrfl, qroObl .1..1r o,l,Horo u roro xie ypoBHff BoAbr ]'AoB.,rerBop flJrocb ypaBHe[{He
Q: Jo. (3. r 3)
B HeKoropbIX crvqaflx (loprra KprrBoi? pacxojtoB 6o,ree cJ.roxHafl.
Buecro olFrofi BerBr{ rrpHBoil HN{eiorcfi ABe BerBrr - I"r'rr nepriojloB
noAberla r{ cilaAa -ypoBHer'{ (psc. 3.8) Ha"luqae AB_vx BerBeft cBfl-
3aHo o6trquo c oco6eLifrOCTri\{H rHXpo;-IorilqecKoro CTpoeHrrfl pycJ,ra,
ypoBHfl\rI{ 3?refaHHf fpyF{roBbrx BoA H T. E.
pac.\oAbr Borbi, Koropbre 3arreper{br nplr orcyrcrBHrr Ha peKe.ti€AR-
HMeeTCR [OCTpOeHHafl KpHBari pacxoAoB H.4H 3aNrepeHr]bre pacxoAbr
BoAbr. llpnr Ha"rrHriHH rlplrrorrHocra Mex(Ay crBopaN.rr.r . B 3HaqeHHrI
pacxoAoB BHocffr rrofipaBKLr. Pacqer 6oxoeofi npnroqHocrtr ilpoH3-
BOAffr nO [pHpOCTy n.rrouraAeii eoAoc6opon. oAuaxo rorrHocrb no-
crpo_eHHfi r(pHBoft pacxoAoB B sTOM Cryqae cHlrlKaeTcfl.
Ha6,rrc1eHHfi 3a ypoBlrflMlJ rrpoBoA.flT orparrHqei-rr{brft IIepHoA Bpe-
MeHH, I pe3y.rrbTaTe qero HeBo3Mo)KHO OUeHHTb BCrO aNrnJrHTyAy H3-
r\,rerreHnfi ypoBrreft BoAbr B crtsope per(H. I-losroirry BalKirofi ia:raqeft
rrBJrt{erctr ' SKCTpano,rrflurrfl KpIIBor:r pacxoAoB Kar( B CTOpOHy rvrr.rltH-
M a.rlbll bl X, Ta i( Il M a I{Clrl I\'{ aJibHhIX p aCqeTI-t brX ypOB r Ier?,
45
z,tl
Z no*
0 d,nz 0 r,n/c
Plrc. 3.7. Kp nasre 3a BHct{}tocrH p ac.\o-
Aa, I1.louaj,rr Bo,fHofo CCr{Criliq }{ cpc;(-
neft cxopocrH or )'poBHfl Bo-l,br:
Puc. 3.8. Kpuear 3aBncH!tocrrt
pacxotra BoAbr or ypoBHq c BeT-
Bql\tti nOA'heMa H C[aAa
:
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