HbIe pecypcr,rl Heo6xoAHMo HX tr3yriaTb. Hayxa, o6o6qarou{afi HarrrH
sHaHrrfl o BoAHbrx o6texrax, Ha3bIBaercfl ru4ponoruei.i.
fu0pol"oeun - sro HaANa, sa.HuivLanu4ancn usuqeHuefi npupo)uttx
aad, .neltbnuli tt npa4eccos I HLtx nporeaarct4ux, a ratcate onpede-
nnrcu+Ltx pacnpocrpaHeHue ao} no se*truoil nolepxHocrLr u B ro/Lule
novsoepgtrol u satoHoilepHocrert,'no KoropbtJt oru fl.alleHufl. u npo-
L+eccbl pas?usarcTCfl.
E ng rtiApoSHeprernqecKofo HcrloJrb3oBaFIIIF BoA natr6o,rsuee
SHarreHHe HilreroT cneAyroil{He pa3Ae/rbr fHApoJof LrH: f r{ApoMerpHrj,
IHAPO, OTH'I PCK, HHX(CHEPHAfl fHAPOJiOfIIfl .
f nApoMerpHff t{3yqaeT MeroAbr Koj-r}rqecrBeHHoro yrrera pa3-
.:iur{r{bir{ 3Je\4ei{ToB BoAHbrx o6rexrce H Hx pex(HNra. Crota BXoAfT
pa3pa6orxn rvreroAoB na6.nrcAeunii H aniiapar)'pbr Ailfl HsuepeHufi
3IeIIeHTOB rHApOr-IOrHqecKO|O pelKHMa.
f lrlpoJl oi Ii fi p e K H3yq2gt rrrApoJrorliqecxnri pexiH\{ peK.
ocuoeHi'r,vli pa3Ae.rraNtlr rHApoJrofHlr peK r{Brffrorcfi r H A p or p a-
Qus peK (onzcanue KonKperHbrx Bo,{,Hbrx o6tenron), y,reriHe
o cToKe H y,reHHe o pycJroBbrx IIpor(eccax.
klux<eHep Hafl, rHAponorHfl H3yqaeT Borrpocbr [paKTHr{e-
CI{OI-f) rTnlIMpI{p}Jtrg FLIrInnrTrtnltrr 1.- ?o Ierrqrr ]r^n^3r-DnD DLrrrd Dn rrrLrvr rrAyvvrvr rrll r\ uqAqaqryr rrLtrvJrDJvaqlrtln D\-/AIIDI:\
pecypcoB- 3rn 3araqH pa3Ae,Tflrorcff Ha ABa HarrpaBJ-reFrHff: rriApo-
.IIorHqecKHe pacrIeTbI H fHAponornLrecKHe nporH03bt. 3aAa.refi rHA-
ponofHrlecKlix p a cseToB fl BJIff roTCfl o[peAeJieHHfl x ap aKTep i{cTt.rKH peKlr
rcarc o6leKTa BoAoxosxficreeHHoro 11 3HepferliqecKoro l{crroJTb3oBaFIHfl,
eaAaqefi rnApolorltqecKoro nporHo3a - oqeHKa c saAaHuofi sa6ra-
rOBpelieHHOCTbtO OX{HAaCMO|O COCTOflHHfl fHApOJiOrHqeCKOfO SJTCI'IeH-
Ta HJui SBJIeHHfl Ha peKax, osepax H ApyrHX BoAHbrx o6texrax.
Kar H3BecrHo, ocuoBHL,IM Hcror{HHKoM sHepfrrH, o6yc;tos;rIrBaIo-
trIHM x(It3Hb Ha 3e*r"rle, flBJIffeTcr coJrHeqHafl paAHar{Hfl. floa BJIH.fl-
HHeM conHe.iHoIi 3HeprHH [poHcxoAHT HcrrapeHire BJrarrr c noBepx-
HocTH uopefi H oKeaHoB, Koropaff 3areM KoHAeHcHpyercfl B BepxHHX
cJloflx aruocrlepnr B MeJrKHe KarrJrr.r, B BHAe o6raxoe rr ry.i n€pe-
HOCHTCfl Bo3.qyiliiblMii MaccaMH lra cyll]y rr BbrfiaAaeT B Brr;ie .Iolr(Afl,
,.cHera H rpaAa.
Bunaeuas Ha c),uy BoAa creKaer no peKau o6parHo B oKean,
qacrb [pocaqriBaercfl B rpynT. flpocounBuraqcfl B rpyrn. BoAa Bos-
Bpaqaercr B aruocQepy, qacrb ee noriaAaeT c noA3eMHbtMH
BoAaMH E peKII. Sror npoqecc fiocroflHnoro ABrrx(eHHfl BJrarH
B npHpoAe HocprT Fra3BaHHe KpyfoBopora FoAbr.
Anq lacceiiHa peKE Mox{Ho cocTaB}rrb 6arasc BoAbtr, co-
nocTaBj1ffs -ee nocrynJleHHe H pacxoAoBaHlre.
flprixognyrc qacrb 6a,taxca BoAbr cocraeJrfiror ocaAKH, BbrrraAaro-
rrrHe B BHAe AolKArr, cHefa HnH rpaAa B 6accerlue per(H X; KoHAeH-
caqHfl napoB BoAbr B noqBe C; noAser\,rHnrfi [pHToK H3 ApyrHx 6ac-
ceiriroe g.
Pacxo4rryn qacrb 6anauca BoAbr cocraB.rrslor: croK peKrr Y; Hc-
napeHHe BJIaTII g aruoccpePy Z; noAselrHntrl orroi{ BoAbr }r3 6acceri-
na pexrr S.
34
Vpae ueuue 6anauca BJrarH B 6accefrne peKH Mo)KHo Bbrpa3nTb
X+C*s- Y+Z+S. (3.1)
Ecri.i paccMorperb 6a.rianc BoAbr 3a AocraroqFto Annre"unHurli tte-
pnoa BpeNrei-IH, To Mox(Ho crraTaTb, rrro AIrn AocraroqHo 6oltruoro
6acceriua npnroK !r orroK BoAbI 6yayr IrpHLIepHo oAHHaKoBbI, a KoH-
AeFICaIIHfl BJIaf H B [OrIBOf pyHTaX flB,IIffeTCfl OTHOCHTeT'IbrIO lf a"riOr?
8eJ'IH,{!iHOr? no CpaBHeHHro c ApyfHMtr 3"rreMeHTaNIt{ BOATTO|O 6anagCa.
f{oaronay lJrfl. MHoro.iierHero nepLroAa BpeMeFIH ypaBHeHI-re BoAHoro
6ata',rca n 6accer:iHe per{H 6yner
Xo : Y o*Zo.
Hz ypaBHeHHfl BrtAHo, r{To ocaAKH, BbrnaAarou{He Ha reppHTopuio
6accefisa peKII, pacxoJ,vlo'lcfi Lra QopulipoBant{e peqrroro croKa rr
rrctrapeurIe. Kpoue roro, ri3 sroli sarurcH cJ]eAyer, qro ocFroBHbiMII
Qarropaun, B"rlHfuou{HMH Ha croK, flBJIfiIorcfl KJiHMarHqecKHe ocaAKH
H HcrlapeHr,ie.
3neueuraMH KJrHMara, oKa3brBaroIrIHMH cyulecrBeHnoe B,rt?IflHHe Ha
xapaKTepticTltK!{ peqilofo cToKa, flBJIItr}oTcfl: ocaAKH, HcIIapeHHe,
r1 ^^.,^ J.^,.l1"ld4\nuLlb L7 rglYrllcPcl L I P4 t)\JJAy/\a. r\PUiYrc r\Jlnlv1d l 11YtrLA11A wdn-
Topots Ha pevHoli croK TaKX(e BJIHflror reoJlorufl 6accefiua peKH, ero
pe.noeqb r{ pa3[{epbi, noqBbi, pacTHTenbHocTb, o3epa,60,rora, neA-
HriKir, BeqHafl Mep3nora, HanpaBJreHHe reqeHHq peKlr H T. A. Kpolre
TO|O, CYIIIeCreeHHOe B.;llifllirre Ha cToK oKa3bItsaeT aHTponofeHr{afl
4eflTeJIbt{ocTb- PerlinlipoBarrrre cToKa, cHefo3aAep}KaHrle, cBeAeHtie
.riecoB, yBenHqeHr{e firlou{aAH naxoTHbrx 3eMe./'Ib r{ T. A. 3ru Qaxropsr
flBIifltOTCfl AOnOnllIiTe,'IbHblM!I, OAHaKO It3 OTA€.tlbHbiX peKaX HX BJIHfl-
HrIe MolKer 6urt cyxIecrBeHubtM.
3.2. OCHOBHbIE NOHfiTHg
A.,rn xapaKTepHCTHKrl PeqHorO CTOIia IIpHMeHtIIOTCfl cJIeAyloU{He
o6ogHaqeuHq:
pacxoA BoAbr a-KornqecTBo BoAhr, nporexanqefr qepe3
ilonepeqHoe ceqeHHe peKri 3a I c, rr3Mepflercfl B tutt/c (nns MarbrK
BoAoroKoB - B n/c);
o6ren croKa LY-KornqecrBo BoAbr, npoTer{arou{ei? qepe3
aaHnrtii crBop 3a onpeAeneHuufi npoMex{yroK BpeMeHH, _ Hanp}rMep
3a foA, Mec.flq, cyrKn H T. A., H3Mepffercfi B MrH.-M3, Kttt3 c yKa3a-
Hl{eM AJrHTeJrbHocrn ttepHoAa, 3a xoropur? oqeHHBaercfl croK;
c.[oi:i croKa A-KoJrKqecrBo BoAbI, uporerarcrr(efi qepe3 AaH-
Huii crBop 3a onpeAeJreHsurfi npoMex{yroK BpeMenrr, orFrecerrHor? K
eAHHr{r{e rrJIOr.qaAFr eoAoc6opa, - B MM;
MoAyJrb croKa M-KoJruqecrBo (pacxoa) BoAbr, creKaro-
qeri B eAHHHrry BpeMeuH c eAlrusqnr [JrouIaAH noloc6opa - B
:r/ (c. xr'r-t) uav u3 f (c,r<ru-2) ;
r{o3QQ HuIIcLrr cror{a l-orHouelrHe KorHqecrBa creKai.o-
IqHx ocaAr(oB K KoJrHrtecrBy IlL,rnaBrxr.rx Ha pacqerllorlt nrou{aAu BoAo-
3* 35
(3.2)