t;
'!
ii
*jl
;l
3HeprHI{ - 493 MJipA. xBr. q. 3ro n 2 paea 6olnrue, r{eM Bbrpa6ori<a
orrer{Tpo3HeprHH BCeMri rHApo3JreKTpocrar{uHflMti CCCp B Hacroqu{ee
Bpesltl. floaronry celYiqac BeAyrcfl HHTeHCI{BHbre HCcireAoB aHItfl rlo.onpeAeJIeHHn sHepro3KoHoMHriecxorl eQr!enruBHocrr{ Hcno,rib3oB aHHrr
KaK oTAeJIbFibrx MaJII,IX peK, TaK Lr orAe"rrbHbrx crBopoB c He6oi'rb-
LlilrM 3HepforroreHqHaitoM (Hecxo,rtxo MefaBarr) ua cpeAHlix peKax
H B BepXOBbflX KpynHbrx peK.
Begyrcr raKlxe HccJIeAoB aHHfl Bo3Mox{Hocrrt oHeprerrrr{ecrioro nc-
IIO"TIb3OBAHHff PA3JIHqHbIX HCKYCCTBCHHbIX BOAOTOKOB H HX |I{APOTCX-
-lrHqecKHX coopyxeullfi (Rrroruu, 6trcrporoxoe H Ap.), rocrpoeFrrrbrx
B cBoe Bpelrfl AJrfl BoAoxo3qficreeuHntx r{e"reii.
2.d, rHApo3HEpiETHr{ECKHE pEcypcbt MOpEN H OKEAHCB
3HeprHn Mrrpoeoro oxeaHa BK"rrioqaer n ce6rr aHeprrlro BerpoBbrx
BO"iIH, OKeaHHqeCKtlX reUeHAtl, IIpH".IHBOB, npn6Oee, rpaAtieHToB co-
JIeHocrH I-I Te[JIoTbI. HaH6o,ree nepcneKTnBHbn!.rlt H3 HHX AJrff 3JIeK-
Tp03HepfeTHKI-I CtIHTaIO]'Cfl npH.rIHBHafl, BOJTHOBafl, Tefl./'IOBafl 3HepfHfl
Ir 3HepfHff TeqerrHff.
flpnnnnHan'sHepfHq. Bsar.lNroAeficreHe KocMHrrecKHX ciiJr crrcre-
Mbr 3eMrq - jTyua - Colsue [pHBoA]rr B ABpr]KeHHe orpoMHbre
Maccbr BoAbr B Mapoaolr or(eaHe. B pe3y.Tbrare B oAHHX MeCTaX
3evt;ru qepe3 xax<Asie 12 q 25 rvlprH, u 
" apyr"* qepe3 24 q s0 rrrrH
BoJIHa npttnt{Ba HacTyrlaeT Ha 6eper H ilJIaBHo noBbrrilaer oKoJIo Hero
vpoBeHb Bo.l.bl. Bucora 3Toro noAbeMa B 3aBuctrMocrlr or 83arrMo-
pacno.,lolKeflllfl yKa3alIHblx KOCMIiqecKHX TeJ'I, cpopl,ru 6eperoeOit Jrrr-
HHH rr Hexoropbix Apyrr.ix ronorpaQHqecKHx Qarropos Kore6.ilercff
-oT HecKoJrbKHx carlTrrMeTpoB Ao rvlitofHx MerpoB. Hau6onluraa
-alIIIiTHTIAa xole6aultir tlpIInHBHo-orJrnBHbrx ypoeueft ua6.rurogaercfl
B To Bper{fl, KorAa ueHTpbr rfixiecrn 3evlr, JIyHsl r.r Co.rruqa Ha-
xoAffTcf .Ha o;lHcrj upnuorl (nepHo.u c H s H r u u). Ecnu 3rH TeJra
'o6pasyiot rlpfl\,IoyrorbHbrfi rpeyroJrbHHr{, To Bbrcora rrp}rJrHBa 6yler
rypEr).
HaS"rroAaercri Ha 6eperax 3aJr[{Ba
qHbrx 6eperon CIIIA oH AocrHraer
:HTHlra, f a;reroc) 1l M, B Asrnua
:u-Ma,ro) 14 lr. 3Ha.ilrreJreH noA'beM [pr.r-
-LHB3 (10 Mir !ryue) y 6eperon AscrparlL1, Hwguw, I(urax, Kopen.y 6eperon CCCP BbIcoKHe rrpl{JrlrBhi Ha6nrbaarcrcr B lleHxuircxovr
(no 13,4_u), TyrypcKoM li MeseHcxoil{ 3aJrr-rBax (ao l0 ivr), B oxor-
cKoM II Eenon Mopflx. Ha MyprtraucKorr no6epexse npHJrHB Aocrr{-
.raeT 7,2 u.
MHpoaue sHeprerHqecKIiIe pecypcfr,r npununuol'r sHeprHH or{eHH-
rBalor B I unp.a. xBr. OAuaxo HcrroJrb3oBaHHe eroflr 3Heprrru 3arpyA-
.Hfiercq ee [yJIbct{pytou{riM npepbrBr-icrbrM xapaKTepoM, xoroplril .rrB-
JIflercfl cJieAcrBI{eru caMoro npHHqHna HCnoJIb3oBatru{fi nptixlreHot'r'srreprt{}r c noNrotur)ro rpHJrHBHbrx sJreKrpocrauulrii (nOC). B npo_
"cretiurelt BHAe cxeMa HcnoJIb3oBaHI.rfl eror:r 3HeprirH gaK/trorlaercri B.cneAylouleM. B orropoxeFrr.ioM or r\topfi 3AzHr{ei\r fHApo3,'Ierirpocrar{-
30
Puc. 2.2. Cyrounufi rpaSHx
t'loutHocrli fI3C
IIHH 3aJiI{Be, Ha3bIBaeMoM 6accelirror,t, Bo BpeNIfl rrpl-IrrHBa co3Aaercrr'
nepelaA ypoeueir Mex(Ay MopeM lr 6acceiiHoM, a Bo BpeM.fl orJrr-iBa -
Melli.u,y 6accertuor,r H MopeM, rrro 11pti Aocraror{Hbtx Harropax o6ec-
[ei]HBaeT pa6ory ryp6un B o6or.rx HanpaBrreHHflx ABHX(eHHfl BoAbr-
flpn groN'{ r{oll{Hocrn lI3C BC.rreACrBHe rrsMeHeHHfl Harropa xo.re6-
/IeTCg OT HVJTfl AO HeKOTopOfO NIaKCrrlr?;-ibHOfO 3Haqeritrfl ri 3aTe\,r
BHOBb cHrrxiaercf Ao Hynff (pHc. 2 2). B ocrar'rbHoe Bpe\,rfl fiSc
ue pa6oraeT BCJreACTBr.re orcyrcrBafl Frarropa.
OAnaxo B ycJroBHrx coapeueuuofi aHeprerHKri, KorAa B ,(pyil-
Hblx 3HepfocHCTeil{ax HMercTcff 6o,roulHe Bo3Molt<FIocrH MaHeBpHpo-
BaFrr.rfl feHepripyrolqHrvr o6opyaoBarrrreM, npeptreHcrHl'r xapaKTep Bbr-
Aariii 3iiexTpoiHepfiir.i npil,rusut_rir gJreKTpocraHqneft He ItMeeT BalK_
HOro 3HaqeHHff.fOpZ3Ao BalKFIee no.j-iyrrgTb oT Hee MoirlHoCTb Br{acbr rtag6oesutelo cnpoca ee 3HepferHqecxofi cucrelroir, rtro no-
3BO"?'rr{T o6ecneqlrru saH6olee paqHouansuuli B AaHHbrx yc.noBrrfx
pexillill pa6orn coBpeMeHHbtx T3C lr A3C. Cner{lra"rybtibre rexrro-
JIof IItleCKHe Cxellbl I{CnoJrIb3oBaHHfl nplt,tltnuoit gHepf [iI.t i]03Bo;'r f ioT
sro ocyu{ecrBHTb. llp" srol.r pea.rrH3yeTcr oqeHb ueHHoe KaqecrBo
npttlHnHotl 3HeprHll, 3at{Jlloqarcu{eecfl B HeH3ilreHHocrtl ee cpeArreMe-
cflriHofo sHaqeHr{rr a rro60r:r ce30H H B nn60fi ilo eo.q,Hotrlr foA,qro Bax(Ho npll IIcroJIb3oBaHHH nOC B I{e"l-lflx gKoHoMHH ron,rrHBa
B CHCTC}IC.
. HapoaHoxo3tificreeHtias 3HaqrrivrocTb r.rclo.,Tb3o BaHHfl npl.t,rrirsHoli
(xax noso6Hoa.nneuori) srreprH' B ycnoBqrx cccp HauJra orpalKe-
HIIe BO ilrHOrHx AOKyMeHTaX pyKoBoArru{irx opfarroB.
3Heprnn BonH uopefi tt 
- 
oKeaHoB. llouinocrr, BerpoBbr.\ Box H
Mtrpoeoro -oKeaHa oueHI{Baercrr no pa3HbrNr r{croqr.r}rKaM B pa3N{epe.
oT l0 Ao 90 lr.rp.{. xBr. oAriaxo Mou{Hocrb, Koroilafl Moiher 6urr.noJIe3Ho HcnorTb3oBaHa, 3HaqHTerbHo HHIKe - Bcero 2,T Map/1. xBr,T' e' npHMepHo paBHa cyutrlapuol:t il{ou{Hocra BCex gJreKTpocrarrilgrt
iuHpa.
Berponue Bo,THbr flBJIfiIorcfl creAcrBLIeM rrpoflBJIerrrrfl corHerIHoro,Ii3JIyqeHHfl, IIoCKoJrbr(y ttocJreAHee cJryX(HT npu.ruHoii r.no6alnui,rx
nepenaAoB .[,aBJI€HHfl B pa3JIRrIHblx ro-qKax 3euni-i, Bbr3brBarourlix
nepeMeiqeHtre Bo3AyrxHtrx lracc.L{e"[oseqecrBo yxe 6olee 180 .rier crpeil{HTCfl HCnorTb3oBarb sHep-rHI'o BoJItt. fleper,lft n MHpe^rlarerlT I-ra cnoco6 Hcno/rbsoBarrrrfl or.rep-rHH BorrH 6n;r BbrAsu a lTgg ,-. or{y rr cbrHy }l(epap 
-ori 
fIuprr,'r.
Ao 1980 r. B !0 crparrax MHpa 6o,rro 3aperlrcrprrpo*arro oxo,qoI000 pa3nrrqrrbrx tnpeEnox<eHrrfi iro HCnoJrb3oBarilirc 3r-reDrrm BoJrr_r
//
JI