Ta6.'rHua 1.1 PasnHlHe oJreKrposteprerr{xH MHpa, CCCP B CIIJ,![
o6opy4oe aHHFI, a raKx(e [poBeAeHHfl BCex Heo6xoAHMbrx rrportrBo-
ae apufi utrx Meporpr.inrHr?.
3. Bucoxurl ypoBeHb 3Kcn"rryarauHoHHoro o6c,ryxuBariHr
AoBaHHfl, o6ecne.{ilsarcu{lrfr AIiarr{ocrnKy ero cocrorHH.s, a
pefyJrHpoBaHHe H KOHTpOJTb napaMerpoB rpoqecca.
4. PeNnu pa6orlr raxrAoir sJreKTpocraHuHn, pa6oraroqerl
Hoft :HeprocHcreMe, Aolxeu 6orrs noArrHHeH ee rexHHqecKHM
HoMlrqecxiru rp e6oBaHHfl N{.
rT^^-^-^iip€ACTaBu'i€Hli€ o TeMiIa.{ parbtr l lil oJreKt'ptr3HepreTHKH Bcefo
MHpa, CLIfA u CCCP B BoeHFIbIe rr roci']eBoeHHhle rorL,r Aaer ra6n. I. l.
OreqecreeHHat{ 3iIeKTpo3Heprerili{ a Ha coBpeMeHHoM 3Taile caoe-
fO pa3BHTHfl OTpaX(aeT KaK TeXHliqeci\lle TeHIeHl{liLi MnpOBOfi 3JICK-
Tpo3rleprertiKII, TaK rr cneupiSrrqecKrie oco6enuocrlr crpaHbi, Bbirc-
Harou{He ris xapaKrepa crpyKrypbi co6creeFiHhrx 3HepfopecypcoB.
Cosetcxlttlt Corcs t{BJiffercfl crpaHoii, Koropaf ne ro.i-rbxo norHocrb}o
o6ecneqnBaeT cBoio norpe6nocrs B HcKorTaeMolr ron,THBe lr rliApo-
3Hepropecypcax, Ho H 3KciioprHpyer HeQrs, fa3 H yronb B Aplrp1t"
cTpaHhr-
Oco6ensocru npoli3BoncrBa H pacnpeAe,reHHff 3:'rpKTpo3HeprlrH, o6rexrlreuue
ycJloBI{ff sKoHOMHriecKoro pocTa }{ gHeoro3KoHoMHqecKHe xapaKTepIIcrHKtr KaiKIoro
pernoHa crpaHbl onpeAeJreHHbrM odpasorr QopnHpyror Anq HHx ocHooHbre HanpaB-
JleHHfl pa3BIITits 3neKTp03neprerr{Krr. Tar, n eaponei:rcrcoft qactH crpaHb[, rAe y)]ie'cQopuapoBanacb crpyxrypa Hapo.q,Horo xossficrea H o[lyqaercfl treAocraroK 3Ko-
HoHHqecKIix pecypcoB opraHriqecKoro ronJrHBa, a.aercrpHQtrKaidue npH3BaHa peuarb
3aAaqu c6epexteitnff pecypcoB :+(HBoro H oBerqecrgnennofo rpyAa, Kopeugoro noBbr-
urenaq aQQexrueriocrrr cJroxlrsueficq npotr3Bo,u,crseHlofi 6asu.
BlHaJIofIaceJeHlrbrx paf,ouax Cu6Hprr u,[,aaluero Boc'roxa, pacnoaararcrqrix
yHEKaJ-IbHb{M}t no 3aIIacaM [I gKoHoMI.lIIHOcrr{ rlrApO3HepfepOcypcaM}r tr pecypcaMr{
6yporo yrJLE, slexrplitplrxaqnn flBrflercr naxuefiuuM Qaxropou, QopMspyloil{}iv
t'touriluf, rpoMl,IIUresHufi noreHqt{an, HanpHMep Eparcro*Ycrt-Hau*rcxuft TeppHTo-
pua.muuit flpoub{lilreHssfi KoMtIJieKc, Brrroqarcqufi Eparcxuri alrcusnxenufi 3aBoA,
Eparcxufi neconpoMbllrtr'r€HHblrl KoMr{JreKc, Vcru-Hnxucraft qg'rJrroJ.ro3Huft xou6unar
u Ap. I-lpn arou a xpynuefiureu persoHe c.lre;lyer aS$exrrreno o6ecnequru 6o.nee
Bslcoxtiil, rIeM no crpaHe, ypoBeHb 3reKTpoBoop)'ideHHocrll rpyAa B ocHoBHbtx oTpac-
nqx HapoAltofo xo3tl"rctga c re&r, qro6u peanu3oBarb s.q.ecb MaKclruilJrbr{oe crr}rx(e-
HHe rpyAoeMKocTH npoH3BoACTBa.
B
Bo scex paftouax crpaHbl ruHpoxoe HCrro.,'ib3oBzFiHe 3J'reKrp03F{eprHH 6yger ocy-
IqecrBJIflrbcff Anff peuleHHr flpo4oso.ancrneuuoii nporpat'rMbr CCCP. IantHefiuran
NIexaHH3aqHfl ce.rlbcKox03qftcrseHuoro npoH3BoACTBa, noBHueHHe npo4yxrHBHocrH
cenbcKoro ,xogstictna B npouecce ee ABHxeHHfl x norpe6urelrc HeBo3lvto)+(Hbt 6es
LUHpoKOfO HCIIOJILSOBaHHt g"rteKTpO3HepfHH.
1.2. npol'{3BOSCTBO H nOTpEE rlEHylE 3HFprOpEcypcoB
Korra-ro nepeo6urrioltl, qenoBeKy Ann roro, qro6u cyu{ecrBoBarb, xBaraJro
ceoeflt MICI{}','Ibl'loli clt.'tut (npulteprio 0,1 rr. c.) H exleAueBHoft sarparbi 3HeprHH rre
6o"ree 2-3 xrcaa (8300-12 500 Ax). Huue B cpeAgelr qenoBeK, pacxojl\,q npHMep-
tro 3 r ycnoBHoro ron.[rrna B roA, norpe6.rret 88.106 A>i<, r. e. 240.103 [x B cyr-
Ktt, sro a 20 pas 6o.rtlue, qeM nepBo6ursufi qeJroBeK. 3ro e cpeAHe!( no nnagere,
a lio OTi'eJbHbl\l CTpar{av 3TOT nOKa3aTe?'Ib CLI:IbttO xOAe6,refcg. Taii, ec"tlt B CIIIA
norpedllen{aff qeJIoBeKoM B cyrKn enepiun npeBLJuaer aHaJrorrrgHuri ypoeerib nepBo-
6uTsoro qerroBeKa a 80 pas, ro s Hi{repHE Bcero n s pasa, T. e. B zT paz MeHbrue,qeM B CIIIA. Oxra4aercx, sro K KoHuy reKyu{ero croner}ir cpe4uHir ypoBeHb norpe6_
JIeHIls 3rleprHII qenoBeKoll 6yaet npeLlocxoAHrb ypoBeHb nepno6urrioro 9e:loB€Ka
npnr{epHo a 100 pa:.'I'axofi 6yprrsrrl pocr troTpe6aeHHq 3ireprrr{ !{oxHo o6rxcusrn, ecJrH npHHffrb Bo
BI{HMar{He, rlTo B CBq3H C nOCTeneHHHrt }{cqepnaHfierr pflAa nerxoAocTyfir]brx, a cJte-
AoBareJlbllo, n uatt6o-{ee Ae[reBL{x 3anacoB pa3nHqnbrx BrlAoB uonee1rbtx HcKotraeMHX
yAe.'rbgoe 3HepronorpeS.'reHlre npoH3BoACrBa eAHHlubr npoAyxr{trrr H3 HHx HefipepbrBno
Bo3pacraer. Taxaq;+ie KaprHlia Ha6,rrcAaercq rI npH peixeHrui npo,{,oilonbcreeHuoil
npo6leuu, e xoropoli npH coxpaHeHHr{ ceroAHquHero ypoBHfl nrrraHr{ff, npHcyqeco
BblcoKoPa3BIlrbl'v crpaHaM, ocBoeHHe Kax(r,Ofo HoBOf O reKTapa H3 OCTaBr.rtrxcfi
MeHee nno.q,opoAr{rJ-\ 3er{erTbHbrx pecypcoB Anfr yAoBrrerBopeHHfl }f},)+(A pacTyu{efo
HaccleHEs rpe6yer 3arpar Bce 60arurero KoirlrqecrBa 3HeprHH. 3ro rIoJrox(eHr{e
ogfaercfl B cHre I{ A'lff [oBbIUJeHI{a ypoxafiuocrlr ocBoeHHHX 3eye,'rb, qro Bo MIlo.
rou odlgcHrer ro o6croqrenlcrBo, r{To B Ha[rr Anr{ B cejrbcKo}t xo:qfrcree saHflTo
Bce ueHbule Hacenel{Hfl, a npoAyKI{HH npoH3BoAHTcfi Bce 6o.nlrue. PageHrr.Ie ixHpo-
rofi MexaHH3aIrIlH Bcetr ceJlbcxoxosqricrgeHHbrx pa6or Ha ocHoge pocra sHepfono-
rpe6aeulrn -xaprHrra, nprrcyil{aq }ibrHe BceM CTpaHau 6es 
"a*ntoua,rr,o.He uetlee ocrpan npo6'neua Bo3HHKaer B cBtr3H c o6ecne.reHHeM [poyrJrrlneH-
ftocrll, ceJrbL-h-oro xoagficrea I{ HaceneHnfl npecHofi aololi HyxHoro o6telra, xaqe-
crBa x n rpe6yer{oe BpeMfl. Aerro B ToM, rlro y)i{e cefiqac ,iMerorcq Ha 3ana4e
Kpynllbie perHoHb{, HcnHTblBaIouIHe ocrpi'tfi HeAocraroK npecuofi BoAiJr. llo Mepe
Bo3pacraHHn ee leQuqHra llorpe6yerca nce 6o.nrrue sHeprr1g AJrfl Toro, qro6u ge-
npepHBHo nepepacnPeAeJTflTb ecrecrBeHHurl crorc Bo BpeMeHH rr B npocTpaHcrBe u
HCrlo'r'Ib3oB0Tb ero Ang HyxA odulecraa, a raKx(e Anr{ ocyqecrBnerrHs neponpHnrrrft
no rroA,qepixaHHro neo6xoAur,toro KaqecrBa BoAbr.
Boglroxno, qro B nepcIIeKrHBe Bo3HHKHer xeo6xoAHMocrb runpoKoro pa3BHTHfi
onpecHeHxa uopcxori BoAbr Ir AocraBKrr ee K rv{ecry norpedaeunR, na qro raK;fie
norpe6yercs yBenlrqer{ne sHepronorpe6,leurrn.
Harotteq, Herlb3tt He orMerHrr, nco6xoAnMocrb yBenHqeHHr{ o}reproflorpe6,terrna,
cBff3allHoro c pelilerrfieu o6ruefi npodreusl oxpaHbr npupo4rrofi cpeAur.
O6utee npeAcrasJreFrHe o
Ao 2000 r. Aaer puc. I.l.
I-IpoaanogcrBo s.rreKTpo eH eprHE
Teunu pocra, yo
loAu tupq. xBr' v
% (CCCP r
ctrlA)Mnp a u*o*l CCCP CIIJ.4, CCCP CUIA
t940
1950
r960
I O7n
1980
I985
553
988
2353
5050
8315
qA4?
48, 6
9l
292
741
t294
t544
i88
408
885
1732
2475
2650
26, I
22,3
33, 2
42,8
52, 3
58,3
r00
lB5
l5l2
2640
,Jlol
100
217
470
92r
l3 l6
l4t0
o6opy-
Ta iiiKe
B OA.
H 3KO-
t
t
pa3BHTr{t{ srrepfoI]orpe6neHHR B MHpe