cflyqae Bo3MO}KHa H r{HCJIeHHafl peaJrH3aUr4ff BOnHOSHepferr4r{ecKHX
pacqeToB
3auetnu, qro nocKoJlbKy B ocHoBe qr4cfleHHbrx w rpaQoaH a1rr4Tr4-qIecKHX MeTOAOB BOAHOgHepferHqecKux pacqeroB JIex{HT OAHa 14 Ta }Ke'aHailurr4qecKafi 3aBncuMocrb, rrJraHrrrerKa Macraqxoro npuo6peraer
oco6oe gHar{euue Arfl ucnonrdoBallfl ee B yve6urtx tlan"* np" wgy-r{eHHH oco6eHHocreli 83aHMocBt3H BoAHo3HeprerHrrecKHX rrapaMerpoBpexHMoB fOC.
Aerlcrsure.IlbHo, HHret'paJr rpaBo i4 qacrw (9.27) Mox(Ho BbrqgcJrgrbc AocrarorrHo ssrcoxort crefieHbro rorrHocra rro c;re,qyroqefi eoplry.rre:
At1 :
I n dv"p^a Vcpa6iH-7cpa6i"
Qrec (7.p"0 i *, Nrec i) - Gp;
tu
dVr l
YrSCi-vupi
(e.2e)
rAe Q- recr (Vt't't^6i^, ,Vrec; ) nu.tltc.ltfleTcfl c yqeroM npeAnoJlox{eHHfl onpIHefiHou xapar(repe rr3MeHeHHr Qrec (/"nnoo,., Nrec;) no Qopmy"rre
Qrec t(Vcpaai n, Nrec i) : Qrec , (zr.ui*, ilrec;) :
:0,5[Qrec i "(%pao i rr, ffrec;) * Qrec i * (%p"o r H, l/rec;)]. (9.30)
IloAcranHe (9-30) B (9.29), noJryr{HMl qro HcKoMoe 3HarreHr.re Vcpatt,.
OJTIKHO O6ecneqnTb peueHHe cJreAyr,oulefo r{efBHofo anre6pauqecKofo
ypaBHeHr,rfl c AByMfl Her.r3BecrHbrMz Qrecin ?t Vspa6i.i
0,5 [Q.tc i n'(Vao^6; n, ly'rec ;) * Qrec t *(Vcpa6; H, ly'rec i)l :
VcpaaiH-Vcpa6tu
: Qop; *'Q"i.
hcPootr
flronix
a)
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r)
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P
I
I
Vcpa6
: Qopi * Ltt (e.31)
VpanHeurre (9.31) cooreercrByer o6nuHonay 6anaHcy pacxoAoB B
crBope H MolKer 6url peaJIH3oBarJo KaK rpaQoanaJrHTHr{ecKHM, TaK 14qHcJIeHHhIM nyreM. llo nepBoMy cnoco6y pacqerbr BeAyrcfl rro rrJraH-
ilIeTKe Macrnqt<oro. flpeaeaprireJrbHo crpoHTcfl 3aBltcr.rMocrb
A rec(2,.6, tV rec ) no ypaaueullro (9.30) (p".. 9.6, a). 3areu K
Qnro holalilnercr yqacroK pacxoAHor.i xapaxrepHcrHKH BoAoxp aHHJrr4-
ilI.?, coorBeTcrnyrcrrlrzli ycJroBHro Vc:pa6iu}Vcpaa*r. flepecer{eHHe KpH-
gLtx Q rec (zr.a, Nrec;) r.r Q"k".d B roqr(e a o6ecnbqnr noryrreHue
x'{cKoMofi cpa6orKH BoAoxpaHuJrHU\a (pruc. 9.6, 6).
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p e a n u s au prs ( e 3 rT'":"[",T: ; T h l;: ; 
Q" ( /' p' o )'
238
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I
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t-3cin \. &r:c
Puc. 9.6. Pacqer cpauorKH (a) tI Hano,'rHeHrrfl (5) BoAo.\paHu.rrru-la no n",raHuerKe
Macruuxoro
florperuHocrb perxeHHr (9.31) H (9.32) reM MeHbrre, qervr 6.'rnxe
K ,ruuefiuovry sr.rAy KpHBbre Qry. (zr.a, lVrec ), qro coorBercrByer
tsblcoKo- H cpeAHeHanopHblr"r fOC. nns Hu3KoHaropHbrx f3C ,I.'rrrre.rt-
HO|O pefyJlllpoBaHIIfl yKa3aHHbre 3aBilcilMocTrr Mot-yr 3r{aqtrre"lbrro oT-
JrHr{arbcff or Jrr.rHerlHbrx. B noAo6HsrX Cryqaffx cJreAyer pazlura HH-
TepBaJI Lti Ha 6onee MeJIKHe I.I AJIfl Kalr{Aoro r.r3 Hrrx npoBecrrr BoAHo-
3HepfeTLIqeCIflte pacqeTbr AJln rvreci :const, Q,,pr:corlst il Tl r3ci :
: COflSt. I(oHeuHo, flPH 3ToM HecKo,'IbKo H3MeHHTCfl 3aBI,ICHMocTb
Qo (zn.o) 3a cqer yMeHbueHr.rq pacqerHoro rrHrepBaJra.
B KaqecrBe I4JIJIrocrpaIltt4 Ha pnc. 9.7 [oKa3aH paclreT cpa6orrn
BoAoxpaHHJIHII{a l.iln KpHBoJrHHeirHor? 3anrrctrMocrrr Q .ec (zr.a,lVrec)r
npH ycJIoBHH, qro A/r:3A/rr, xoTfl B o6qem cryqae Bo3MoxHo, qro
4tti*Lti". Ia1 pr49. 9.7 cJreAyer, qro Heylrer He.nnHerlHoro xapar(Tepa
Q roc (2".a, lVreci) neaer x 3aHHNieHHbrM orMerKaM zs.6 H, c,'reAoBa-
TeJrbHo, .K yMeHbueHHio HanopoB Ha f3c (crur. Tor{Krr a H b Ha
puc. 9.7).
il"naHurerxa &Lacruurcoro no3BoJrfleT Har,TrflAHo npeACTaBr.rrb ce6e
nPo[ecc peueHl4fl pa3rl.ItlHbIx BoAHo3HepferHqecKHX 3aAaq, HanprrMep
yqer orpaHnueHttii no nponycxHot:t cnoco6Hocrrr arperaroB l3C, ne-
peMeHHoro KnA (pnc. 9.3) v qlcila BKr'rroqeHHbrx arperaroB, B roM
r{HCIe H C pa3HbIMH XapaKTepHcTl'rKaMr.r, 3aAaqrr pacqeTa pexiilMa Bo-
AoxpaHI{JIr4ilIa n f3C npH 3aAaHHbrx rpaOr.rKax Q"(/), Qrec Q), zuaU)
rr r. L. 3lecr >Ke MolKHo HaxoAr.rrb rrpeAer'rbHbre MoulHocrti crBopa AJIfl
Pr.rc. 9.7. Pacqer cpa6orxn BoAo-
xpaHI.r,'rHuIa Liln xpnaonuHeftHofr
saBucHMocru Qrec (2".u, ffrec;)
(e.32)