JrynuKoBafl sOHa 3aHllMaer 14-16 q cyrox' B rarou pe)KI'IMe Moryr pa6o-
TaTb KaK f3v, rar H K3C C N{aHeBpeHHbIM O$OpyAOBaHHeM. B nHKOeofi 3oHe
Hau6oJree 3QQeKTLIBHo pa3MeqaTb f3y 14 B HeKoTopblx cfiyr{affx ra3oTyp6HHHbIe
H CneqHaJlbHble nuKoBble cTaHuHI'I.
D,nn o6ecneqeHgq 6ecnepe6ofrHo6rH 3JleKTpocHa6x<enus sHeprocucTeMa '[oax(Ha
pacnoJlafarb pe3epBaMH no MoulltocrH H sHeprl'Iu: aBapllfiHblM' Harpy3oqHblM' pe'MoHr-
HbrM H HapgAHoxo3qficrBeHHblM' qro Moryr O6ecnequtb He Bce BHAbI f3C c BoAo-
xpaHHJIL.lqeM.
B xaqecrse orHocr.rre,lbHbrx noKa3areJteii rpaout<a Hafpy3KH HcnoJlb3ylorcfl cJIe-
Aytouue.
Il p OAo Jr )K I{ Ted,Ib HocTb H c nO JI b 3 oB a H I'l fl MaKcHMaJIbHoft Harpy3Kll
h, u, npeacTaBJtfeT oTHou'eHr.re norpe6JlfleMofi sHeplHH sA [ep]IoA ? rPf;ax" 3a Tor
x(e nepuo4. t{errl 6onr,ue h, "tel rpaOHK P"(!) paBHoMepHee pl TeM s$d;el<rtlnnee
oH noKpbrBaercfl AOC u T3C, rz Hao6opor' KoeSQuuueHr sanoJIHeHI-Ir
LI,LI nJrorHocrH d npeAcraBJrfler co6orjr orHouerllle Fc K PMaKc aa nepHoA I'
.[,,nn eHeprocHcTeMbr npoMbuildIeHHOlO Ha3HaqeHl{n 6 yeenuql',lBaeTcfl H B CHCTeMe C
npeo6JIaAaHHeM KoMMyllaJIsrlo-6strosltx norpe6ilrele/r cuu>xaercfl' Koa$QraUHeHr 0
H3MeHgeTCfl B TeqeHHe HeAeJll'.l H no ce3oHaM' yBeJII'lrltlBaflcb B BblxoAllble AHH u
JICTOM.
Koa QQ HU HeHr M H HH ru y^a a B xapaKrepl'l3yer orHoueH,e PT"" *
pMaKc , t{er,,r MeHblUe F, reu 6o.nee MaHeBpeHHbIMI4 KaqeCTBaMH AOJIXHbI o6nalarl Aflq
no*pottr" P 
" 
(t) pa3Hble BHAbI sJleKrpocraHuull'
OcHosHultyt14 TeHAeHU1IfMH rpaQUxon Harpy3KH flBJIflIOTcfl: pa3ynJIOTHeHHe ero;
T. e. yMeHb[reH'e gHaqeHnfi 0 , 13, u pocr Pfaxc 3a cqeT yBeflI'IqeHLIq AO,'H KOM-
MyHaJrbHo-6srroeofi Harpy3KH, coKpal]IeHHfl pa6oqero AHff, sJIeKTpI'lQHKaqHH HapoA-
HOI.O Xo3RftCrSa B Ued'IOM, a TaK)Ke cBfl3aHHOe C 3TI{IU yBeflUrIeHI'Ie CKOpOCTH Ha6opa-
c6poca Harpy3KH B reqeHne cyToK. 3ro npeA'LflBJIfleT noBbllIeHHble Tpe6oBaFIufl K
peryJrHpoBoqHbrM H MaHeBpeHHblM KaI{ecTBaM sJIeKrpocTaH[Hl'I' r3y B -'.HacTof uee
BpeMn O6naAarcr Hal{6oaee eQQexrunHL'lMH noKa3aTeJIffMI4 U3 nepeqgcJleHHblx' Vqac'
Tr{e f]y B oHeprocncTeMe no3Boflqer co3AaTb HaH6oJIee e$SexrunHUfi pexnru nceft
cHcTeMbt B UeJroM, BKJrrcqarcqefi s ce6q TenJIoBbIe H aToMHbIe CTaHUnH'
Ha puc. 8.1, B, 2 npeACTaBJIeHbI pa3JILIqHbIe fpaQHKH Ha_rpy3Klt SHepfocrlcTeMbl'
TpeoOBaHHfl K pexUMaM norpe6leHpls BoAbI yrlacTHuKarvrn BXC' a TaKx(e rHAporpa'
Qsr 6Hrosoro cTor(a, xapaKTepHble Aflq 6o.nbruHHcrea peK cHeroBofo nHTaHI'lq Ha'
1nefi crpaHbI. Vls Hx aHaII'l3a cleAyer lleo6xoAHMocrb nepepacnpeAeJleHufl Qo(l)
BO BpeMeH rr Lrc3a HecooTBercrBHfl ero norpe6HocTflM HapoAHoro Xo3fficrsa'
flo Ha3gaqeHr4ro npgHflro pa3IuqaTb ABa BI{Aa peryJlHpoBaHuff
croKa: BoAoxossflcreeHHoe H ero oco6blfi cJlyqafi - BoAHOsHepreTI{-
u..no..eoaoXo3flficrseHHoeperyilk|poBaHvecToKa
nepepacnpeAerlfer croK I'rrIH pacxoA peKI4-lq t!9Yt"I--1^:pocrpaHcr'
se AJrfi yAoBJrerBopeHHfl HyxA HesHepreruqect<ux yqacTKOB BXC'
BoAHo3HepreTHqQgKo€peryJrnpoBaHI{enpeAHa3HaqeHo
AJIfl nepepacnpeAeJleHl',If cToKa B sHepneTHIIeCKI'IX UeJIflX I4 OTJII{qaeTcg
6t roabxbgsfiirsb""oto Heo6xoAgMoarblo oAHoBpeMeHHoro yrlera v3'
MeHeHr.rfl pacxoAoB Lr HanOpoB BO BpeMeHx H 6Onguelz CJIOx(HoCTbto
;;;#;; .'[i^ BoAoxpaHHTIHIII BoAoxo3nftcrseHHoro HasHaqeHun xa-
paKTepHbI , KaR npaBHJto' paBHoMepHbIe pe}KI4MbI nonycKoB Bo BpeMeHH
2r6
1r 3Haqr{TeJrbHbre H3MeHeHr4ff ypoBHerl BepxHero 6reoa. f,uanazo[ v13'
MeHeHI4fl HaIIopa B cTBope MolKeT AocrHFarb 80-90 70.
BoAuosHepnerHqecl(oe peryJrHpoB aHrre npeArroJraraer 3HaI{IITe"IIbHo
MeHblxHfi AHana3oH H3MeHeHHfl HanOpOB, OnpeAeJrsrOUHfr.Cs. pocToM no'
repb 9i:i npa yBerlHqeHHH hcpaa.
Ha pHc. 8.1, d nora3aH nprrMep BoAoxo3ritcreeHHoro perydTIIpoBa-
Hr4fl. 14 AaHbI OCHOBHbIe IrOHfTHfl, HCnOJrb3VeMbre B pefyJIHpoBaHHH CTO-
'ra. flycrl 4.nn nepuoAa T sa1auo 3HaqeHHe, zs.6o(/o) :Hny, rpa$rlK
Qo (/)
QT?U (4
t4 Q;l8u (l). TorAa or ta Ao t r 3HaqeHrrn Qo (l) paBHbl
14 f3y pa6oraer 3Aecb no BoAoroKy, He Hcnod'Ib3yfl BoAy
- cpa6orKa; 't
-pa6ora no BoAoroKy; (8.1)
- HanoJIHeHHe,
H3 BoAoxpaHH.IIHrrIa. B l4HrepBaJIe it-iz IroTpe6Hocru npeBbIuarcT
nprrToK r( cTBopy-rrAeT cpa6oTr(a BoAoxpaHrrJIlru,a; 3aTeM B llHTep-
BaJIe tz-ts - ero HanoJIHeHI'Ie. Aanee oT ts Ao t+ f3y pa6oraer
orrflTb no BoAoToKy.
Bpeur, B TeqeHr{e r(oToporo BoAoxpaHrrJrrrure cpa6arbtBaercfl or
Hny Ao yMO u cHoBa HarolHflercfl or VMO ao Hny, Ha3blBaercfi
U L{ K JI o M p e I y JI I{ p o B a H n fl Tper: tt-tr. flepnorl 7n.. A€.ulTCfl
Ha nepLIoA cpa6orrlt l.ru6 II IIeplIoA HaIIo"'IHeHll fl
Trrn .
flpuHnro paccqurbrBarb pacxoA BoAoxpaHri,rrrura cneAynurttM 06-
DA3OM:
Q":
rAe
V cpaa : Zcp^o (h"p^a (t)) (8.2)
npH
V"p^a - V"(H[IY) --Vr(zr5 (t));
hcpaa: HIIV -z",a?).
KaxAoe BOAoXpaHHJII4uIe XapaKrepg3yercfl oT H o c HT e,T b H o I1
e M K o c r b ro (o 6 I e M o M) Br,, o[p€AeJrseMori orHorueHl'teM noJle3-
Ilofo o6teua BoAoxpaHIIJIIIua 7r,,.,,,,.r,, I( cpeArleMHofoJIeTFIeN'I),' CTOI(y
peKH B AaHHoM crBope We:
o vrorr.r" I/D (Hny) - vB (yMo)
" lY/o Wo
(8.3)
B sasucnMocrn or Bv HepaBHoMepHocrn croKa, a ral{xe rpe6oBa-
ri4fr. BXC K pelKrrMy BoAoxpaHHJrHUIa pa3JiHLrarur cJIeAyIouLIe BI{Abl
pefyJrHpoBaHufl croKa no lpert 6es pi:ry/IHpOBaHHfl, (Tp.r:O,
zs.6':Hny) ; KparKocpoqHoe pery"'IHpoBaHHe (Tp.r He
217