Ho_: C0llSt
T. e. rrpu pocre I{HcJIa BKfiioIIeHHbIX arperaToB Harpy3Ka HX 6y4er
yMeHb[IaTbcfl no cpaBHeHHIo c Tofi, KoTopaq 6gna Ao BKJIFoSeHHfl
cJreAyr,oulefo arperara. Tax, lp.l4 .?:l iv^i:0,5Nur; npH z:2 ly'a3:
: (2i3) Ns2i rrpu z:3 Na+: Gl4) Nqq !^I. a.'I4cnontsoeaHHe coorHolxeltfl, (5.56) no3BoJlfler HaxoAHrb roqKl4
BKJrloqeHHf arperaroB c rroMox{bro pa6oueii xapaKTepvcrr4Kr4 oAHoro
;;t;;;;r. iio sroro Heo6xoAHMo nr{ulb nepecrpourb To(N') npu
Z:l B HOBbIe KpHBbte, CBfl3bIBalOilIHe cO6Or'r Naz+t C No, IIa OCIIOBS
(5.56). Toqxn repeceqeHr.rff rlx c pa6oueft xapaKrepHcrl.IKoiI OAHoro
afperaTa H oflpeAbilflT vrltr4 Naz..t,.VJrLr'Naz,B ToqKaX nepexoAa oT oA-
Horo qHCJIa afperaroB K ApyfoMy (pnc. 5.l5)'
ToqHo raK )Ke Mox{Ho Hafrrr KoopAHHarbI ToqeK BKJIIoqeHHfl arpe-
raToB u no xapaKTepHcTI{Ke IIOTepb MoUIHOCTI4 t4Jrr4 pacxoAa
(pnrc.5.16).
O6g1gfi sHR ocHoBHbIx sHepreTgqecKnx xapaKTepl{cT}lK fOC c
OAHHaKoBbIMH anperaTaMg Ailq HSCKOJIbKI{X 3HaqeHl{fi HanOpOB:
Htu; Hf{.: Hri n{; H':bt: Hz> Hi .
l4S aHaJIH3a, npbne4eHHoro B rJI. 4, cJIeAyeT, qTO rtpn yMeHblxe-
HHr1 HaIIOpOB pa6ourae xapaKrepucTlrKn arperaToB' KaK npaBHJIo'
cABl{ranrcfl IIo tlfu*" B cropo.Hy ero yMeHbIIreHI'Ifl B 3oHy MeHbIrIHx
Harpy3oK, a 3ro o3Har{aeT, IITO 6es yuera orpaHHqeHl4ft pex(HMa KOOp-
AHHaTbIToqeKBKJI}oqeHI4flarpefaToBnpHyMeHbIUeHuI,IHaflopaTaK>Ke
nepeMerqarorcfl_B 3qyy MeHbrrr4x SHaqeHnft N rec . Jlusut'r.BKJIIOqeHHfl
npu oroM Ha 0t""(Ai.t;i AorI)KHbI 6strl inaAxr'rnnu (puc' 5'17)'
SHepreTgrlecKre XapaKrepvcrr4Kr4 fOC LJIfr cfiyr{afl' KorAa arpe'
rarbr BKJrroqarorcfl no ycJIoBLiflM_orpaHI4q."11,p.*1Y3. pa6orbl atpe-
raroB, T. e. HeonrgMaJrbHo rro KnA vilH AIV {.lQ rec ), 6yayr
HMeTb HeCKOJIbKO HHOfi Br4I..,
t70
Puc. 5.15. Pacqer KoopAHHar roqeK on-
THNla.rybHoro BK,fllo9el'lHf-oTKrrcqeHHfl arpe-
faroB no pa6ovel:i xaPaxrepHcrHKe
ANo
A0.a
Pnc. 5.16. Pacqet KoopAHHar roqeK on-
THMaJTbHOTO BKJlruqeHHfl-OTKJIlOqeHHfl arpe-
raroB no xapaKTepHCTHKaM noTepb pac-
xoaa H MoUIHOCTH
Puc. 5.17. 3HepreruqecKHe xapaxrepHc-
THKU f3C c oAHHarioBbtMH arperara-
MH npr{ nepeNreHHoM Haflope
B KarrecrBe npnMep a Ha
pr4c. 5.18 [oKa3aHo. KaK H3MeHffT- -
cff ocHoBHbre xapaKTepHcrrrxn f3c, "'r3cecJrrz BKJrloqeHrre cJleAyloqefo af-
pef ara rrpolrcxo/lr{T npr{ 6oniluux
Haropax H3-3a npeAeJrbHorl Morrl-
HOCTr.r reHepaTopa, a Ha MaJlbrx-
u3-sa cBfl3aHHofi no Hanopy Moul- 4,.^
HocrH ryp6nnu. B groM c,'ryqae
BKJrroqeHr.re cJreAyroqero (e+ I ) -ro
arperara npor.rcxoAHT He no ilv-
nnn 00, a iio JrHHrrH abcd, cocroff-
u1ef.i rr3 riycKoB Jn,rHr'rr? orpaHrrqe-
uuit no relreparopy ab, orrTHMaJIb- af/r3.
Hofo BK./TioqeHl4fl, bc H orpaHHqeHltfl z]0rrc
rro ryp 6wne cd,
DO,rIee HafrqAHo IIoryqeHHbre
pe3y/IbTaTbr pacqeToB no noHcKy
zv nPeAcraeJrflroTcfl Ha 3KcnJIya-
TaurroHHbrx xapaKTepr4cTlrKax BH-
Aa rlrec (H., Nrec ) unu nroc
(H,,, Qrsc).
Ha pr.rc. 5.19, a rroKa3aHo, KaK noJryquTb JrHHHro onrr.tMaJlbHoro
nepexoAa or oAHofo K AByM arperaraM npH H3MeHeHHfr.x Ha n Nroc.
Ans 3roro opArrHarbr llsorr.rHrrrl KnA AJtfl z:l (rouxn I-7) cJIeAy-
er yMHox{r4rb r{a 2. B pe3yJrbrare 6y4yr noJryqeHbr il3oJlIIHl{lI KnA
npu pa6ore AByx arperaroB (rouxz 1-7 Ha pnc. 5.19, a). flepeceue-
Hrie IT3oJIHHHT? KflA v onpeAeJII.rT Totrxtr nepexoAa oT zo:l K zo:2.
Ha pHC. 5.19, 6 noxasau o6ur.rfi BHA Jrt4Hr4tl orrruMa,/'rbHoro nepexoAa
or zo:l x zo:2 npH BKJrror{eHHH 2-ro arperara H3-3a orpaHHqeHHfi no
reHeparopy H ryp6uHe (nuHnr abcd).
O6ururl Br.rr, sKclJIyaraIrHoHHbIX xapaKrepricrr,rK f3C
oAr.rHaKoBbIMrr afperaraMH noKa3aH Ha pr.ic. 5.20.
I-lorepu MorqHocrr4 B BoAonoABoAffr[r4x coopy]KeHrrflx fAC Mo]KHo
YTICCTb NYTCM BHCCCHIIq NONPABOI{ B SHCPTETIIqCCI{IIC XAPAI(TCPIICTIII(II
craHrIr4H npH Ha:const. nns groro cneAyer BHaqaJIe noJlyqHTb xa-
paKTepHCTHKH BCex IIOTepb l].iln pa3HOrO qUCJIa BK,'IlOqeHHbIX afpera-
ios (nyrevr Hx cyMMupoBaHlrfl npLr Q rec :const) II 3areM no HtlM
onpeAeJrurb rotIKH BKJIFoqeHHfl arperaroB (prrc. 5.21) .
SnepreruqecKHe xapaKTepHcrttKH tOC npH zs.6: const AJIs
Qx."op:0. 3ru xapar{Tepr{crr.rKu Tpe6yrorcfl IrHorAa r^iln BoAHosHepre-
THqecKHX pacqeToB. I-loscHttl,I ilopflAoK pacqeTa ?THX xapaKTepHCTHK
AJIfl pycnosort fAC npn Ha=Hrt" tt A/Vs.-,-+[. Benliqtlua ,Vrec
t7l
Nr:c
c rpeMff
Ha=C0flSt