B epafuqecKo.tut au}e Acnosue (5.52) oaHaqaer, qro nttou,ado Qu-
e7pbl a,bcd, r. e. 51 , 6gder 6onowe, qetvl cAtuuvra Sz u Qx.xz+r.
Orx.nrcqeuue arperara, oqeBHAHo, 6yaer uenecoo6pa3Ho npn no-
tBJleFr vv Hep aBeHcTBa Br4Aa
a,5 (q, * g,+r) (-ffi'(N"+r). (5.54)
il,ns MHoroarperaTHblx fOC Ha ocnoBe cKasaHHoro n $ 5.2 MolKHo
cAeJrarb cJleAylour4e BbIBOAbI :
l. IIpu Hailwrr4u Ha MHoroafperarHoir f3C arperaroB c pa3HbIMrI
gHeprernqecKr4Mrl xapaKTepucrvKaMr B o6ueu cryl{ae ueqenecoo6-
pasHo np€AcraeJreHue xapaKrepLrcrr4rkr fAC B IIeJIoM n rpaSuqecKoM
BHAe. 3ro o6rflcHrrercq qpe3Mepno 6orruruu r{HcroM Bo3Mo}KHbIX co-
qerasHr)r pa6orarcqux arperaroB H ux cocraBoB.
2. PerueHue sa1rur o[TrlMH3 a\HH BHyrl]r{craHunoHHblx pe}KHMoB
AJrs MHoroarperaruoli fOC Bo3MolKHo JIHIIb c noMolublo 3BM, Ha
6 as e HHAvrBHAvaJrbHbrx xap a Krep Hcrr4K arp eraroB.
3. PaccuorpeHHafl Bbrile 3aAarra AJrff pasHorunnoro o6opyaoBaHnff
fOC Mo)r(er r.rMerb Mecro H npu oAnHaKonnx xapaKTepHcrHKax caMnx
arperaroB, HanpuMep npu yr{ere rHApaBJlnqecxot? v sJleKTpuqecxoit
cxeMbr fOC.
4. nns MHoroarperaruofi f3C npeAcTaBJrflercfl uenecoo6pa3I{bIM
nocrpoeHne ee ouepreruqecKux xapaKTepl4crl4K B rpaQnuecKoM BHAe
Jrntrrb npu oAHHaKoBbrx xapaKTepHcrHKax arperaTHrtx 6noxoB LIJIH rIpH
HcrroJrb3oBaHHH B pacr{erax <<ocpeAHeHHoro>> arperarHoro 6.nora f3C.
llp" aToM, ecrecrBeHHo, B pe[reHHH 3aAaqu Bo3HHKaer ourn6ra. Pas-
JrHr{He Mex(Ay KnA <<ocpeAHeHHoro>> H peaJlbHoro arperaroB Mox(er
AocrHrarr 0,5-5 o/s.
Oruernu, oAHaKo, qro HcnoJrb3oBar{He <<ocpeAneHHoro>> arperara
cyqecrBeHHo yrrpoilIaer BCe pacqeTbr kr Hx rpa$auecKoe HarJIsAHoe
npeAcraBJIeHHe B BHAe, yAo6Hon r,Jrfl oneparnBHoro ilepcoHaJla f3C
npH aHaJrr.r3e ee pelKuMoe. K roMy )Ke peuenve sceit 3aAaqH oIITHMpI-
saunlr BHyrpncraHuuoHHbrx pe)KHMoB f3y AJIfl oAHHaKoBbIX arpera-
TOB AaeT BeCbMa XOpOuHe pe3yJIbTaTbI nO qfiCJIy BKJIIOqeHHL'IX arpera-
ToB AJrfl xaxAorl Harpy3KH rHApocraHIrHH, T. e. no peueHurc rofi qac-
ru o6uert saAaqra, Koropar Aaer MaKcHMa.nrHrtft oHeprernuecxHrt a$-
Sexr. B cpe4neM noBbrrreHr.ie KnA fOC 3a cqer onruMt4s a\uu qHcJIa
pa6orarorqHx afperaToB cocraB,'Iqer Ao 2, no cocraBy - Ao 0,5 v
ilo pacnpeAeJreHHro Harpy3Kn - Ao 0,3 0/0.
l{cno.[lsoBaHHe oAHHaKoBbIX xapaKTepvcrtr arperaroB IxHpoKo
pacnpocrpaHeHo B npoeKrHbrx pacqerax. Heo6xoAr.rMocrb aroro rlpH-
eMa MolKer 6trrl o6ocuonaua 14 HeroqHocrbro ncxoAuofi uHQoprrna"-
IrHH, n norpeixHocrqMH orpa6orxn crlrHa.rroB B gJreKTpoMexaHn.recxoli
cucreMe ynpaBJreHr4rr pex{HMoM arperaron fOC.
Enn MaJroarpefarHbrx f3C Bo3Mo)KI{o npeAcTaBJIeHLIe ee aHepre-
TnqecKr{x xapaKTepvcrzK n rpaQHr{ecKoM BHAe. Becsua oilryrnMbl A,'Iq
grHX craHr{uir H pe}Kr,rMHbre rrorepr4 npH orK,noHeH1414 MoIIIHocrI4 or or-
ruuantuofi.
r66
-- 1 - '-,=
5.3. SHEPTETHI{ECKhE XAPAKTEPV1CIURV1 I?C
c oAhHAKOBblMh ATPETATAMh
flocranosxa o6Uefr 3aAalnr onrtrMlr3aUHr.r BHyrpncraHulloHHblx pe-
)KHMoB f3C 3Aecb noJIHocTbIo coBnaAaer c onncaHHori n S 5.2. EAus-
cTBeHHbtM, HO CyUeCTBeHHbIM OTJTHqHeM flBJIfleTCfl TO, qTO 3HepfeTH-
qecKr.re xapaKTepLIcrHKH rHApoarperaroB oAHHaKoBbI. B gToM cfiyqae
pacnpeAeJreHue Harpy3KH HJrH pacxoAa fOC Mex(Ay BKJIIoqeHHbIMH ar'
perafaMrr BcerAa AoJr)KHo npoucxoAnTb paBHoMepHo. Sror TpIIBHaJIb-
HHfi strsoA cJreAyer H3 alailHsa ueo6xoAnMbrx yc"nonnfi onrHMaJIbHo-
cTH pacnpeAeJleHHf Hafpy3K[ urtw pacxoAa
N2": Nreclzo. (5.55)
Cocrae BKJrroqeHHoro o6opyaon aHfifl 6es yqera noxagarenefi ero
HaAe)KHocrr.I He Hrpaer Hnxaxofi po/lH.
nnn fOC c oAHHar{oBbrMr{ arperarauu ylo6Ho npeAcraBJleHt{e Hx
eHepreTr4qecKl,tx xapaKTepltcTLIK B rpaSHr{ecKoM BHAe 1ilfl. .pa3rHI{-
Hrtx ycnonura: npli Hat(t):Hoi(l) :const, Hrec(/) : Ha.a:t (l) :const
I{ T. A.
. Oco6ennocrn eHepreruqecKux xapaKrepHcTHK noAo6nux I'3C npn
nan6o.nee npocroM cJlyqae: H ^t (t) : H ^i U) : const. B KaqecrBe npH-
Mepa 6yaeu paccMarpuBarb MaJloarperarHylo fOC nptl 2:3, Eyaeu
cqHTarb 3aAaHHbtvrlrpaQur lVrec(l) ; npLI 3roM He 6yAer'l yqllrblBarb
orpaHHrreHHfl rto qHcJry nycKoB-ocraHoBoK arperaroB H norepb AQn.
Heo6xolr.iMocrb rrycKa-ocraHoBKH arperara, KaK H paHee, 6yaeu on-
peAeJrsrb no pa6ouHu xapaKTepHcrHKaM HJtr4 xapaKTepucruKaM no-
repb MoxrHocru (pacxoaa).
Ha puc. 5.13 AaH npHMep nocrpoeHHff ocHoBHbIx oueprerHI{ecKHX
xapaKTepHcrar( f OC c rpeMfl ryp6nuaruz noBopoTHo-JloracrHoro H
AHaroHaJrbHoro rnrroB. Ann paBHoMepHoro pacnpeAeJleHHr HarpysKx
yBeJrHqeHHe qr4cJra arperaroB Ao AByx r{JIH Tpex 03Har{aer ueo6xoAH-
MocTb yMHox{eHrrfl opAuHar r.r a6currcc xax<Aoir roqKII xapat(TepltcrltK
A//" (N") , AQn (N") , Q^ (,Vr) coorBercrBeHHo H a 2 u 3.
Taxuu o6pasou, fiIo6ofi JIyq, npoeeAeHnHri H3 HaqaJIa KoopAl'tHar,
AOJTIKeH nepeceKaTb xapaKTepHcTlrr(H noTepb vt pacxoAHble xapaKTe-
pr{crHKH D,Jrfl z:2 u z:3 B ToqKax, opAHHarbr H a6cuucclt Koropblx
nponopquoHaJIbHbI Me)KAy co6oii, r. e. Ai/rec1 : ANreczl ANreca-
: lVrecr : Nrecz : ly'rscs : Qrecr : Qrecz i Qrecs - l:2:3.
Pa6oqaq xapaKTepucrvra oAHoro arperara rpu z:2 11 z:3 6y-
AeT nepeMeulaTbcfl nO rOpH3OHTa/'IH, T. e. npl{ TlrOCl --1 recz:
:Tlrocs, Lr cooTBercrByrotrlHe HM MouIHocrH 6ylyr orHocr.rrbcl Apy'r
K Apyry xax Iy' recr : Iy' recz :,V rece : 1 : 2 : 3.
To )Ke caMoe 6yaer npoucxoArrrb Lt c xapaKTepucrtit(aMII
9.3.(Nrec ) H {F$c (,Vrec).OrcrcAa oqeBI.tAHo, ttro npl{ nocrotlH-
HoM rrailope Ha arperarax MaKcHMaJrbHoe 3HaqeHHe KllA npLI yBeJIH-
qeHr4u r{Hc,na pa6orarcu{Hx arperaroB He MeHflercs. 3ro o3Haqaer, qrc
JIyq, npone4eHuufi H3 HaqaJra KoopAnFrar qepes rorrKy 3, rAe Ia::trr3X, AoJrlKeH riacarbcff xax A,M136 (l/ reC), rax H xapaKrepHCTHKr,I
167