cl'lMyM noJIe3HoIl MourHocrH. lIo,u,o6uoe pacnoJroxeHHe KpHTurrecKux
TorreK gaKoHoMepHo 14 orrpeAeJrflercfl oco6esuocrflMn npoqecca [pe-
o6paaonaHHq sHeprrtv B ryp6uHe, Lrro BbrpalKaercn B BHAe ee 3Hepre-
THqCCKI4X XAD AKTCDHCTI,IK.
B roqre'.1 Q*..+O; N'r:O; rlr:0; LNr*O; A,\i*r-+oo. B ro.rKe 2
MHHIIMaJIbHOTO 3Har{eHHf AOCTr4raeT BbInyKJrafi xapaKTepr4cTuKa.
ANt(Q'r), oco6eHsocrbro xoropor? flBJrflercff 
-6nrcrpnrrl 
pocr rHApaB-
.nHqenI{ItY nnrtrnr- rt r. nAnnrt4TA nr-rrrr \ Ai nnrr rrDA nr.rrrorrt.rr, /)f ----^ ---.-^-, vvrvAvuu r v!,rurlv, tll v T rryrr J uLvrrra\-nrrl,t \c I.
XapaxrepLrcrr.rKa,V'r (Q'r) rr'fl MoAeJrbHori ryp6HHbr onpeAeJrflercff'
BbrpalKeH14eM
Ni :l/;noo -_ Aff, : g,glQ; - Al/, (Q;). (4.38).
Anre6paHqecKafl cyMMa npflMo,rr{uefiHort 3aBucr{Mocrn l/;*o(Qi)
14 nunyx"u_or? LN't (Q'r) Aaer ocHoBaHHe cAe,'rarb 3aKJrror{eHHe o roM,tlro ltl'r(Q'i - BorHyrafl r{prrBafl c or(crpeMyMoM-MaKcHMyMoB Bi
roqxe 4.
Ha ocnoBaHrru r4Merorruxcr xapaKreprrcraK ,\,r(e,r) v ANrr(ei)
MoxHo nocrpourb 3aBacr4Mocrb q', (Q'r) ro BbrpalheHrrro
, Atri , AA/; (0;)
:r-:^-
//;noo 9 ' 81Q;
LIs (4.39) cJreAyer, qro q, (Q'r) - BorHyrar Kpr.rBafl, rrMerourafl MaK-
cr.tMyM s roqxe 3.
fl,oxaxeu, qTo roqKa 3 nexur r\4e)KAy roqKaMu 2 u 4:. A.ns eroro
cHaqaJra flepecrpoHM noJryqeHHbre Ha pnc. 4.1 xapaxrepucrr4KH B 3a'-
Br4cnMocrlt or .rV'1 (p"c. 4.2).
SrcrpeuyM //r(N'r) r.r ANr(Q'r) npu n'1:coflst Ann Hr:1 M Ao-
cTlrfaeTcfl Dpr{ Bbr[oJrHeHr.rH cJreAyrouux cooTHorrreHnfi:
HenpepbrBHocru rr BorHyrocrn Aff*r(,V'r) H oAHo3Ha'{Hocrtr cBff3r.r N'r
14 Q't cJIeAyeT, qTo ToqKa 2 MO)KeT 6nrr AocrtrrHyra ToJrbKo Ha
HncxoAfluleit eeren eror? xprrnofi, T. e. JreBee roqr<tr 3.
Eucrpufi pocr AN, npaBee ror{Kr.r 2 BeAer K roMy, rrro KnX,
ryp6unu BHaqaJre Aocrtrfaer cBoero Mar{crrMyMa B roure 3, a 3areM
pe3Ko cHu)KaeTcfl, rITo BeAeT K yMeHb[IeHIIro |rl't rIpI{ pocTe Qtt
(prac. 4.1 u 4.2). Aeiicrer.rreJrbHo, npr.r ,V'r:9,8i r'1rQ/1 3iicrpelryr,r .,V'1
nO Q/1 fiOcTiiraeTcfl- tipn Bbiiior-IHeiit{H C,TeAyrOqerO yCrToBufi:
#:e,8t(r.+Q; tr)
(4.42)
UJIH
tg": f : dn, :_tgF. (4.431
(4.44)
(4.451,
(4.46)
da;
(4.39)'
(4.40)
(4.41)
Vcrogue (a.al) n rpatpHuecr(oM BrrAe npeAcraBJreHo Ha prrc. 4,1.
flony.lglrHe ror{Krr 4 eosilao}r(Ho ro.rrbrio Ha HrrcxoAqureri qacrrr 3aBrrcrr-
Mocru n'(Q'r) , rAO (dnrldQ) (0.[pHuertr B roqKe 4 teitctst{reJlbHo
AOCTLITaeTCff MaKCHMyM, IITO CJIeAyeT H3 OTpHUaTe/'IbHOCTIt erOpOfi
npou3BolHofi T'r no Q/1 npaBee roqxn 3:
4+: AA/; + rui '^r;-- o;
dN; dN;
!,ocraror{Hbre ycJroBnfl MHHr.rMyMa ANr(Q'l) B roqxe 2 H MaKcH-
MyMa nr(Q'r) B rorrKe 3 onpe4eJrsrorcr no 3HaKy nropofi rpoH3BoA-
uoli. Hanpuuep, rroJrolKuTeJrbHocrb 3HaKa nropofi npolrsno;ruori AN,
IIO Q',r OrrpeAeJrfleT AOCTHXeHTTe Mr.{HrrMyMa ArV, e roqxe 2.
B roqxe 3 6ylyr coBnaAarb Mex{Ay co6or? r(acareJrbHbre K xapaK-
repr4cruKaM ANr(Q'r), ANr(lV'r), Qi(N'r) v npflMar, npoBeAeHHat
H3 HaqaJIa KoopAr4Har K eroft ToqKe. 3ro yreepx(AeHHe c.,'reAyer, Ha-
npr.rMep, H3 a}larrn3a cJreAynulefo ycJroBr.rff :
('#*ffi) 'o
ffi: n'.h(o' -u' o9) :o'
dLNr :9,81
da;
Ha prrc. 4.2 npeAcraeJreHa 3aBrrcr.rMocrb ArV*, (N'r), Koropafl, TaK
)Ke KaK u AlV, (//'r), BbInyKJra, no cBor{M xapaKTepHblM ToqKaM BsaH-
t'too6parua 3aBHcrrMocrr{ 11 (N'l) , npnqeM KpHBafl Afr*, (/V'l) 6onee
no/tora, qeM rl, (//'r), rrpn oAHHaKoBoM rr,racrura6e Aly'*' l,r Ir. I4g,
132
dL N: -- to B', 'b rt
dNt
dLN;
: _tgF.
da;
aai:Q;_ 1
dNi N; e,8lq'
Vle (4.46) raK)r(e c./'reAyer, qro B roqKe J connaAaror Mexay co6oft
no a6co.nmHoMy 3naqeHnro aHQ$epeHuHaJrbHbre H yAe,lrbHbre noKa3a-
TeJIH ryp6uHu, Koropbre Aafl MoAeJrbuoro afperara qHcJreHHo paBHbl
(9,81 rlr)-r npu Hr: I u.
B roqKe 2 c MHHHMyMoM Ai/, anQQepeuquantutrfi noKa3areJrb
r33