fAe
AH;;o (QJ : afl"oo (Q") - p (Qx"" * e;) sign (QX"" - Q") -F '
+ t (e, - Qy"*") sign (Q" - QX"T") i .; e.a6,1
p u ? - KoHcraHrbt. flp" p .+ oo H ,[ --+ oo peaJrn3ar{Hr (2.46) o3HaqaeT
[peACTaBJIeHHe xapaKTepLIcTLIK Hanopa B BO,U,OBOAaX B BIIAe
[- oo npr Q" ( QX"';
. LHsoA : 
JaH""o(Q") npz QX"" < Qe ( QXU*'; (2.47>
I + oo npn eu 2- Qlu"".
Lns noAo6nofi Sopl,ru npeAcraBJreHHs xapaKrepncrr.rK norepb Ha-
flopa B BoAoBoAax Mo)KHo noJrb3oBarbcfl ycJroBHeM (2.41) u l,ns pe-
IueHHri sa1aqr c orpaHHqeHHflMH (2.43)
onrptua.nbHoe pacnpeAeJreHHe pacxoAa Qrec MelKAy afpenaraMr4
npu ue6no.IHor? cxeMe noABoAa BoAbr K Hr.rM Mox<Ho raKlKe rroJryquTb.
Ha ocHoBe ycJIoBPrfl paBeHcTBa norepb Hanop a Ha Ka)K,4oM afperaTe H
nOcJIeAOBaTeJIbHbIM SKBHBaJIeHTHpOBaHH€M :fHApaBJIHqecKHx XapaKTe-
pHcrHK .nltuer?Hux yr{crKoB, HaqHHar or arperaroB.
floscHurra cxaeaHHoe Ha npuMepe c.rroNHorl rraApaerHqecxort cxe-
MbI, rlpeAcraenennofi Ha pHc. 2.18, B. nns Bcex ntrHefiHtrx yLracrKoB
cqHrarorcr 3aA?I_Hbt.ry - xapa-Krepr{crHKr.r norepb Hanopa, r. 0.
AHugg(9rrq ) : AHa"(Qa");'4H"6(Q.r) : L,H"a(Q"' +Q"z) ;' AH"o!3--: A,Ha(Q"g) i LHsonz: LHuz(Q"z) i AH"onr : L,Hur (Qrt) .
Pacqer craHuuoHuori xapaKrepHcrr.rKH norepb Haropa B Bo,lonpo-
BoASIITHX coopyxeHnflx fOC, r. e. AHuon(Qrec ), HauHHaercff or ar-
peraroB (1, 2,3 ua puc.2.18, a).
Cuaqana crpourcfl sKBr.rBaJreHTHaff xapaKTepvcrvKa noTepb Hano-
pa Ha yrracrKe rrepBofo pa3BerBJreHHfl, T. e. or ror{KH b l,o 2 n I. Yc-
JIoBHe onTHMaJrbHoro pacnpeAeJreHHs pacxoAa Q"u MelKAy 1-r,a H 2-u
arperaraMn (puc. 2.18, a) onpeAeJrvrcfl, ycJroBHeM
LHor(Q,,) - LHur(Q"r) - LH|(Q", * Q^r).
3arenr AJrr yqacrKa or BToporo pasBerBJreHHfl (rouxa c) crporrrcfl
3KBr4BaJreHTHafl xapaKTepucruKa noTepb or roqKH c Ao 1-ro r{ 2-ro
afpefaroB no ycJroBHro paBeHcrBa pacxoAa Ha yqacrKax cb n Hrrxe
roqr<n b (prc. 2.18, a)
LH,rz(Q,o) : LHu(Q,a) -f LH"u(Q,a).
(2,48)
(2.4e)
aHt
Afut
iHv
AHco
AH ctz
*zs.d
AH,,
aH t,z
AHcs
aHa,
Ans rorrKa pa3BerBJreHHs c crponTcr cyMM aplan xapaKTepr.rcrH-
Ka norepr LH"(Qa.: Qrac ) (puc. 2.18) ro ycrroBr.rlo
LH orr(Qu) - AH,r(Q"J : LH "(QoJ. (2.50)
Haxoseu, Ha ocHoBe 6anaHca pacxoAoB B BoAonpoBqAffurnx coopy-
x{_e_HHflL crpoHrcff cyMMapHafl_ xa_paKTepHcrHKa roTepb Haropa
L,Huor,(Qrec ) u Morquocrr4 Aly'sou(Qrec ) (puc. 2.18, 6)
AHaoo,
ANooa
Pacqer napaMerpoB pex(HMa KalKAoro arperara B orAeJrbHocrn
npr{ 3aAaHHoM Harope f3C HJrrr alperarHoro 6.nor<a, r. e. Hrec :
: Ha.6n: (z".a-a:F..a) H Qrec , npOH3BOAHTcfl B nOc,,'IeAoBaTed'rbHocT[.
o6paruol? noc.neAoBareJrbHocrlr noryrreHun A,fluoo(Q rsc ) .
B qacrHocrH, AJrff Q r"a noKa3areJrH pex(HMa arpefaroB cxeMbr
puc. 2.18, a 6yayr paBHbr
Har: Haz: Ha.an- LHar- LHro- LHot;
Nl?o : 9,81Q^rH ^ri
NiSo : 9,8lQa2H ^z npr{ Qn# Q^zi
Hue: (Hu.un- LHar- LH,r) * Hri
AH"on (Qrec) - LH,(Qrec) 1- LH a"(Qrec)
AN"oo (Qrec) : 9,81 Qrec LH,oo(Qrac).
(2.5r )
(2.52)
(2.53)
(2.54)
(2.55i
(2.56)
(2.57)
afperaToB xapaKTe-
)Ke KaK H XapaKTe-
^l ^
acb qc\
, Puc. 2.18. Cxeua pacqera norepb
f zri.u' Morrtilocrlr H ilanopa B BoAonoABo-
Aqt4Hx cooplrxeHHqx fOC:
a - AJtf, BeTBH C OAHHM lt AByMfl arpe-
raraMu; 6 - Ans ygrosoft roqKn n
scefi cxeMbr B qenoM; d-rr.rApaBJrH-
qecKar cxeua fOC
/#3o: 9,81 HnsQns.
flp" saAaHHoM rrHCJre H cocraBe BKrroqeHHbrx
pHcrHKa LH,.o.,(Qrec ) nenaercfl Bbrrryxnor?, rax
pHcrHKa norepb MorrlHocru ANB'A(Qrec ).
100
Anj,;anf +ar{ aHlo;AHlr+AHI
l0l