Ke Hr'rlKHero 6reoa co cno60Anofi noBepxHocrbro (anq peaKrHBHbrx-ryp6HH). Torla
fl".y : /Ji:f -LHur: Vzn.y- V zn.6_ LHuu. (1.40),
H a n o p o u 6"rr ox a' H ^.6r, Lrrr'.H6pvt'o, 6y4erra Ha3brBarb pa3H'qy yAe-
JrbHbrx aHepruft floroKa Me]KAy crBopaMfi B vt T
Ha.an: Hfd!, -LHur: llfi - AHrr- LHuu- V zr,y - V zn.6-
- LHrr- LHru : znan.6 - Vzn, _ LHuu. ( l.4l),
uuwoir ycraHo BK14, pa6o_
arperaTa krilv HarIopoM
Hocrb yAeJrbnbrx eHeprzft noToKa.
ro ycTaHoBr(y c MaKcHMaJrbHo Bo3_
sHcuefi oruerxofi, T. €. 
ceqeHHH B HHIKHeM 6reQe c HaH-
H, : H ^ : H r.aa- LHrn: ?nan,6 - Lzr5 - AHuu : flo." - LH26 :
=Hr#,- LHsz: /Jff - LHr, : Hp - LHu
HffTO AeJrr.{Tb Ha TpH rpynnbr: HH3KOHanOpHbre _ c HanopoM .IO 25-30 u, cpeAHeHanopHbre-c HanopoM ot db-a0 ao g0-j0o M rr Bbr-coKoHanopHbre-c HanopoM cBbrrre g0-100 M. B arofi x.rraccn$,,*u_
uHr{ nor, HaropoM npr4HHMaercfl Hanop f 3c (Ha arpefarHoM 6,rroxe),T. u. Fr.\, H[rvr reoMerpHqecKafi pa3Hocrb yponnefi 
".p*"a.o rr Hrr]K-Hero 6re$on, r. e. Hrec.
oco6eHHocrn 6ananca Hanopa pa3Hbrx foc no cnoco6y KoHueHr_paqr'rH Hanopa. PycJroBbre Hr,r3KOHanopHbre l5c, ^u*IIpaBHJIo, HMeror 3HaI{l'lreilbHble BoAoxpaFILIJIHIua, I{To cBfl3aHo coCTPOUTCJIbCTBOM T3C HA BOAOTOKAX C MAJIbIM YKJIOHOM AHA iP. 3rOnpHBoA?rr K 3Har{HTeJrbHbrM norepsM Hailopa 3a cqer xpueofi noA[opaH Cpa60rxu BoAoxpaHH/rHilIa npH _perydTr.rpoBaHrrrr croxa. cyqecraeH-Hbr 14 rrorepH Ha[op€_ B HLrX(FreM 6rese, a raK)Ke B COpOyAepiKHBaro-Irrr4x coopyx{eHr4flx fOC. florepn Me}KAy crBop arvn 2_4 na puc. t.iaHe3Haqr.rreJrsHbr. v.tacrox 5-6, r(ar( npaeruro, orcyrcrByeT.
Pexitlttlsl pa6orsr arperaroB Taxr.rx 
'fOC 
no Hanopy npaKTlrtrecKrr
OAHHAKOBbI.
K norepnvr B BepxHeM 6te0e LHr- orriocflrcf: noreprr 3a crrerxpunoli noAnopa (ArtualtrtueCxoro o6renaa) AH:1,,, 
'(rexrro.rorlr-
I::]\r.)j l9l.p" sa cqer cpa6orxu BoAoxp allrrvlr1.a^AH.n"u (pe>xnrw-FIbIe); rorep14 Ha copoyAepx{HBarorrlHX coopyx{eHrirx AH cvc' (pe-x<H M HO-TeXHO.rI Of H qecxtr e )
LH".a == A,Hn - A,Hsnn-F Afl.o"6 f Ar?6y6i
0.42j
- Taxupt o6pasona, He[ocpeAcTBeHHo B Mexaggr{ecKyrc gpeprgro Bpa_IIreHHfl Barra fHApoS_fpefara rr.peBparqaercfl roJrbKo qacrb ^ 
yaenlior:r9HEP|HH BOAOTOKA H,. Vg ECCI1 EOSMOXHOI? TNN HC11OJIbSOBAHHfl HA.'y'{a:T1:t rAe pacnonoxena f3C , Ho (;t. t;..l.iOj.--/vIelKAy crBopaMH I-T MolKHo elrAernrl cJreAyroulue B 14 A trnorepb Hanopa: LHn-norepr.r Hanopa. B BepxHeM oouo.l
f!::t rorepu Haropa B aepnearlnra; LHro- rrorepq Hanopa B Ha,NOPHbIX BOAOBOAAX HTIU BOAOTIOABOAflIIIHX COOPYx<CHI.{'X; L'H,U-;;.'rep' Hanopa B BoAoorBoAflIrli{} HanopHbrx coopyxe'Hfix [ai"ant.p-HbI AJI' noA3eMHux foC); LHaz - noiepr.r Haropa e HruxHenr' ore6i.llepeqllcnenuue,. rloTepH Hanopa Aeiiqrcq 
"a 
TexHoJrorr4qecKr.re HpexnMHbre, c oAHOr? cropoHbr, H Ha^. norepu no AJIHHe coopylKeHr4fl HMecrHbre conporHBJreHHfl - C Apyrofi. B xaqecree rrorepb Hanopa no.AJIHHe yTIHTbIBaI'orcfl rlorepH B BoAonpueMHHKe roJloBHono y3JIa, Ae-
PHBAUHH, HAIIOPHbIX BOAOBOAAX H T. A. B KAqCCTBC TIOTCPb HA MCCT.Hbre conpoTHBJreHHfl yrrHrbrBaroT.cfl rrorepH Ha yAapuuft 
^ 
BXOA, npHnpoxox(AeHHH MecrHblx cyxeunfi kI pacrunpenHrt noroxa, HsMeHeHprH'cKopocrH noroKa no HanpaB,/TeHI4ro H BHarreHaro a r. A.TexHoJrorrrqecKrre norep, Ha''opa cBfl3aHbr c Heo6xoA'MocrbroTpaHcropra BoAbr or BepxHefo K HH)KHeMy 6resy. pexuuubre norepr4orlpeAeJIftorcfl I43MeHeHHeM ypoener? BepxFrero H Hr4)KHero 6te$on,a raK)Ke rrHcJroM r.r cocraBou iioorurur"i afpefaroB.
OruocureJlbHoe BJIHflHLIe xaxAorl HS cocraBJrflrolqux noTepb Hano-pa B (1.41) sanucHr or KoMnoHoBKH rHAporexHHrrecKHX coopyx<eHnfi,cnoco6a pacnpeAeJreHHfl Hafpy3Kr.l MexiAy afpefaraMH, rrHCJra V, CO-craBa BKfiIOT{eHHbIx afperaroB, pe}KHMa r4crroJlb3oBaHr4n BoAOXpa Hr4Jrr4-
ua H T. n,. KoMnoHosxa rr4AporexIIHrrecKr.rx coopylKenllft no MlroroMonpeAeJlffercrr HcnoJrb3yeMbrM HanopoM Lr poJrbro r3c B eoAoxossfi_
CTECHHOfi CI{CTCMC. C grOI? TOIIKH 3PCHHff IHAPOsJICKTPOCTAHUI,I14 NPH.
68
llorepu B HHx{HeM 6reSe onpeAeJrflrorcfl noAbeMoM vpoBHr 3acr{er rronyoKoB BoAbr qepe3_ ry_p6uHu f 3c H xorocrux c6p'ocon. flprr9TOM Ha Hr.r3r(oHa[opHbrx f3c, coBMeureHHbrx c soAoc6pocaNfH. Bo3-Mo)KHo I{eI(oTopoe yBe/II.tqeHHe Ha[opa H, za cqer xoJrocrbtx c6poconBOAU B. [epHoAbr noJloBoAbt H naBoAKa H BO3HT.TKHOBeHHff B CBfl3H CarHM aSSexra a>KeKuHr{ B Hr.rx{Heu 6ne6e
LHoz: AH*.0 - LHr^
( I .43)
(r.44)
c yqeroU^cKa3aHHoro Bbrrrre Harop i-ro arperara 6y,ler cBfl3aHc HailopoM fOC H noABeAeHHbIMti HaropaMrr cJreAyrourHM coorHo[re-
HHCM:
Hri : Hrt : Hp- LHrr- LHuz: Hp- All".0 - LHn.a * AHr,* :
: Hp-rA,Hgr*- LH"r^a - LHcyc - LHr.a * LH"*; ( 1.45)
Hrr : Hrj : Hrec- z".u -;;-**-__ t 
(1.46)
C YC :,"fil Veyrcu{r'*,'irr <mft1flcs{u e 69