lnaea 1
HCTO,PT4'I PA3BI TH'I MAIIOIZ ryIIP@HEPTETI,IKH B CCCP
r.I. STAIIbI PA3BH'[Ug, MANOI1 r}INPOSIIEPIETHKH B CCCP
Iloc;:e Be;:iarcoft Ox.rx6ptcrcol.i. corruarwrctra.{ecKorz peBonror_lHHHapo'qy AocTanacb B HacTeACTBO CTpaHa c 3KOHOMHqeCKH paSpyuJeHHbrMxosi{rzgrBotv{.
R na^^t r^ 1'.^ ^^-- - ^-. i r'irlrble iKe ro.qbl Coeercrcofi enacrH oco6oe BH.'ztMarfue 6bllno ygene-Ho yKperuIeHHIo 3HepreTHqecKofi 6assr crpaHbl, cfloco6crByroulep pa:]BH-THto BCex oTpacrerz HapoArroro xo3srzgfBa: Baxuaq ponb B 3T0M OTBO.qH_nacb rtupo3neKTpocraHrlHnv (Il3C)' BblpaoarblBarcu.iuM gneKTpo3Hep-rHIo He3aBHcHMo or .qo6blarn To|IJlHBa u pe[xeHHq c-rlo)KHbrx rpaHcnopr-Hbrx npoorreM TOr0 BpeMeHH.
K 1917 r' MourFlocrb Bcex 78 foc Poccun cocraBnsna oKorro 16 Tr,rc.rcBr (ns Hr'o( TonbKo 2 HMenH Moullrocrb 6oaee l rsrc. xBr - Araeep4aHc-Kafl, l,l rsrc.rcBr, ua p.ne6e.u u lmr.uyrcyrucKas, 1"3 ::,lc.rcBr, Ha p. Mypra6 [26)' Kpove roro' B cTpau,e Hagl{HTbrB€urocb DdzTbrc. MeJrrcpD( rg.up6.ryp6urublx ycraHoBoK o6qefi lvroxrFrocTbro oKorro 90 rrrc.rcBr, pa6oraa-urld( Ha MexaHp{llecKHe npHBo.&I' PI oKorlo 40 rarc, MenbHurf c Bo!.FrHbrMHKonecaMH co cpe.uHelZ vorqnocrbro oKono l0 n.c. Ka)K.qarr.B anpene l9t8 r. B.H. IIeHprs yr€3bfBarr, r{To Heo6xolpruo o6pararroco60e BHHr\4zrHHe"--, Ha 3re.Ktpu$l*ariljro',fipoivfbiiiineHHocrn H.r,,a*c-nopT4 H npHMeHeHHe sneKTpHlrecrBa K 3eMrre.qenaro ... Bogqubre caJrbreooOrqe H B npHMeHeHvrHK 3eM-neAerruro ...,' [l].PasaHrl4e rua;iolZ r,u,.posHepreT,KH uepasprmHo cBr3aHo c orpeAe-IIEHHL,IMH NEPHOAAMH CTAHOBNEHVIa, 3KOHOMI,IKH CTPAHbI. IIEPNUTE
,,:i[-XY::!_-:l_11 Hl'vrana* l?c. 3a lete.. oo-o nocrpoe-r:v i'i "c'-r..'.1\r iJ 3Kcntiy aTalJI4w 4'i l'rrenrcux f3c1 o6rqelz MOUIFIOCTbIOl,6rutc'rcBr' oru-roI ry nepBblx Ha cere 6uuta nyqeHa fpononer-IKasf3C MorlFrocrbro 48 rcBr a cocraBe KacKaAa H3 nnrv fOC Ha p. Ilave sflogMocKoare [26].
fleper-,rE B MI,Ipe Hayqle o6ocHoe arruutit HapogHoxosslZcrseHuupr rura'pasB}J'rvn sKOHOMHKH CTpaHbr^ r:1__6a:e pa3B]ylTr,lfl ,rr"rp"6*1";^",yrBep)qqeusaffiZ9 trerca6pa 1920 r. VIII Bcepoccnficrcuu sbq3.uoM Cose-roa (ruraH losriPo), npe.qycN{aTpHBan coopyxeHHe B TeqeHHe 10-15 ner30 pafroHHL,Ix 3treKTpocraHquft o-$ufefi vouU-rocrbro lZ50 rarc.rcBr, B ToMq]ffcJTe 10 I-OC o6uiefi MourHocrbn 640 rr,le rcR'r (lnpn' rrrr- Rnnvnh^?,^-
r/nryrr ,n 
. vrv4 r...4 uvJa:t\/,ova\cl).1
rvr\_/r-r,{'-r\.,Lrr)ru JU 'rblC.t(DT, HH)KHeCBHpCKafl MOU+IOCTbI,O 40 TltC.rcBf,
''3aecr H Eanee MeJIKHe, cerbcKHe' MexKoJrxo3Hbie, pai-loaa;ie ioc g Hacro.Elr{eeBpeMff orHeceHbr K Karerop r4H Manbrx u vlzrpol3C (cv. rn. 2, 5).
l0
f-^pr-x_ecerycts-Lq l-.{ou+loc?rr:c 60 ialc.rcBr vi Erienpoijci{a}i MoulHc)crrbK)
200 MBr H pfltrApyrlo( B pa3-IHqHtu palzoHax cap€rHr,r. perueuae BorrpocoB
SneKTpH Qt'xatlwe cenbcKoro xosqlzcrBa npeAyc Maapknlnocb Ha ocH o Be
ul'{poKoro HcnoJL3 o BaHHe M ggIILg 3 H e prope sypcoB, B qa crH ocrr4 rHlTp o-
3HeprHH M€IJIbIX perc. flnaH lOSnPO paccMarpvgaJt MirJrbre peKH KaK
ocHoBHyro 6asy elercrpuOw<arJr.ryr cenbcKoro xosqrZcrBa: "... Ha rpovag_
HbIX paBHHHHbD( TeppHTOpHflx eeponerigcori r{acrr.r crpaHbr u cu6wpu
BO3MO)KHO rrrHpoKoe Hcnonb3oBaHHe eogFrorz 3HepI*ldH An' Hy)Kn MerrKHxycrzlHoBoK MouFlocrbl'o, He npeBbturarourefi 1-2 rsrc. rr.c., a n 6oimruHHcr-
Be cr-i-y-qaeB - orpaHHqHBarouteficg coTHrrMH H EA)r<e.qecqTKaMr4 n.c.,"
npH STOM "-.. Ii,ff{olne pa6orr,l (no yctpolicrey nJ-roTHH, KaHarIo a, z1auntl
Cfl'aniflryfit) voryr 6rlrl BblnonHeHbr caMHM HaceneHueM B Tal<oe BpeMq,
Kor.ua eerbcKoe xogqlZcrso He rpe6yer 6olturoro qHc.na pa6ornu py,Kr;
[24].
D,ltg, p a3r;aTt rg l.zta:loit r.HApo3 H e p rerHKH xapaK Tep Hbr .Fa K a qe crB e H _
HO pa3ru{\IHLIX gTana: OCBOeHHe 3HeprHu Majtbtx BOltoToKoB fr,rApocTarJ_
U.H.flt0'H MOIIFIOCTbI,O B HeCKOTTbKO AeCqrKoB KHJrOBarr (191g-1g45 r-r.),flpoHTeru'cr]3o cenbcKl,rx Me)KKonxo3Hbu u rocyAapcTReHHr,rx rcayKpynHel+loft Molqocru (or I ao l0 rurc.rcBr), pa6oraroulr,fi B Mec-rr{brxsHeprocHcreMa( (l 945-1 969 m.).
RcrynarourHe a crpofi MeTIKI-Ie fgc npHBneKarr B Te ro&r eceo6rrlecBrJwMaIJue u 6annu nepBbIMH tuaraMH Ha rryTH enercrpn$w<aLil4t4 coRerc-rcoft ,qepeBHH. Ha IX Bcepoccafrcrcov sbesAe coeeroa B.I{. Jle,-,nrrfoBopHll o 3HaqeHHH nepBbtx cerrbcKux f3C: "HevalroRa)Klryo ponbcbqpaJro pacnpocrpaHeHue MerucLD( cmrrurluZ B trepeBHe ... Ort,o'ca MerrKH-MH crar{qHtupl 6srna cos,qzlHbl B .uepeBue ueHT?br coBpeMeuHofr Hoeofircpynnoft npoMbmrneHHocrH', fTl.
flaptuz H npaBnTenbcrBo paccMzlTpvaara4 crponTenbcrBo Marbrx I13CHa cere KaK cpeAcrBo yKpenneHnfl yHepferHqecKofi 6a:u cenbcKoroxoesrZsrna. K Ha.rarry nepaoli ntruJlerKu Q9?A r.) eHeprera\recKas 6asacenbcKoro xosglzcrea norlHocrblo cocror na r43 MecrHbu srauts*tF1 cpegHKoTopbtx Aons altpa6orKH 3neKTpo3Heprqru Ha MaJrbrx I.OC cocraBrrffJra
oKono 26aio. C yeeluveHHeM norpe6Hocru B oneKTpo3FrepruH a Haprcorra-
Te 3eMne!€nvfl e 1930 r. 6utla co3.qaHa opfaHH3auns fnaBcerrr,3neKTo,
pyKoBoAI'IBLLrafl pa3BHTHeM cenbcKoxosqrzcrseHnofi enercrpl.rer,rKallt.Jr.t.
B 1934 r. XVII sbesA BKn(6) HaMerrzrr ',... npoAorrxr4T_b narrLrro ni16olee u?rpoKoe Hcnotlb3oqaHue trnfl sneKTpocHa6xenlrq M€crHr,rXBHltoB TOfrrrHBa 14 0co6esHo fHApo3Heprvttr,, 126f. B lrrc-ric lg34 r.nocTaHoBrleHpie Conera Tpy&a H O6opoHtI o pa3BHTvrv 14 ynopsgoqeHrlrr
crpoHTenbcrBa MaJrr,lx f3c noro)KHno HaqaJro HayqHorvry no.qxoAy Konpe.qeneHHlo fHApo3HeprerHqecKHx pecypcoB Marrbrx peK. B r{Fo,rlc
1939 r. npHHgro -nocraHoBrleHre 3KoHoMHqecKoro coBera nnr4 ClllK(\(\r\D 
"t-\ -vvvr \_, rvrEp.1 . rru A.lJrbHcr4lueMy pocry crpoHTgnbcrBa M;LrbIx rcc"
[4]. OaHaKo reMrIbI crpoHTerbcrBa oTCTaRanH or pocra norpe6uocrer-.r
cenbcKoro xogqilcrea B srreKlpo3HepfprH. Bcero 3a nepHOrI no lg4l F.6rtlo nocTpoeHo oKono 950 r"ra-rrurx f3C cyvo{apHofi voutro.iuo o*or-,o32 ralc.rcBr (npa cpe,urefi MorprocTll t3C 35 rcBr).
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