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Hccrx e Knprasur,r). nepuBaurfl, Ha c1-tpflMrIe Ht7r4 pycna 6). Cnpnv.;lry.,s DepvaawreE orAenbHbre H3nyqr{Hbr ril,rrb 3HaqaTenbHbre Hanopbr I-3C Aa)Ke Ha peKax HOM. peKH (prrc. 3.5' peKH, MOX(r{O nOJr}/- c He6orrr[rHM yKno- )1 --- PAGE BREAK --- l ;;;l;;rFi gF:JBeFr E inerrgSg ;r sig?Hfiir, H'F$-,38'fiE,=t r:iri.l ;EIBg;'esgdg;,f,:; :t ?:Fgdfis'$r sg "iFHg,gFfil Hlr \'1iki li : -F l^ $t.+ * *ll \\e Puc. 3.4. Cxer.ra nponi'cKa naBo.q,K&: o - trepe3 aogoc6poc n no nofive; 6- uepes aogoc6poc; 7 _ nwavrzo F?l^. ?- -^-^^<4- OAe.rrr & Dvavlv- poc;3-sav6a; 4-rnyxan N'IOTHHA Puc.3.5. Cxevu Eepr.BauuoHHbrx Marbrx l3C: a - c AeprBaqHefi sAoru peKH; 6 - sa cnpqMneHtl pycna peKH; e - nepe6pocli:r croKa Hs otrHoi peKH B Apyryrc; J - rorosFrofi ysen; 2 - gep:y.aauHq; 3 - rranopnr,rn 6accefiu; 4 - nanopHare rpy6onpoBoAbr; i - strasue f3c; 6 - xorocroff c6ooc 53 --- PAGE BREAK --- T_Jono6^ rvq -t^vq rt- n hrra)-' A6rrrt nhtrFtrrA fnt'^ 2. I rrvyvvyvwr\s vl\.rNKeHvrtrl, pLepw:,aLryztu H 3DaHVfl I-3C AepHBaLIHoHHbIx MaJIbrx I-3C, a ralcx(e coBpeMeustrE ro.[xoA K Hx npoeKTHpoBaHnro H crpoHTenbcrBy H3noxeHur n $ 3.4, 3.5. Cxer'or lv{:Lrlbrx fPC rrpH roToBoM FutrlopHoM Qporrre. 3.qecb pacc\,rarpH- Batorcq cxeMbl MaJIbIx f3C, coopy)€eMbD( B crBopax c nlroBbrM Harrop- I-IL,IM SpoHrou. B rcaqecree raKHx crBopoB MoryT Hcnorrb3oBaTbcs Bo,uox- p aHH ru4llla H q? H e p fe rHqecK oro Ha3Haqe 1M9, nepena.&l KaHanoB p a3nHq- HO|O Ha3HaqeHr4',., rpy6onpoBo,ubr cHcTeM BoAocHa6xenus. (fcor,,arr,ryHaIr- r-r o - 6 srtos oro, npoMblrurleHHoro, cerbcKoxo3fl fi grtseuHoro). I'a4poeHeprc- Tr{rrecKHfi noresupra-n. B TaKHx crBopax cocraBtrser cyulecTBeHHyrio Aonro t'....^A/A\!- ooulel'() lloleHl-Il4a)La, HclIOJllr3yeMofo MaJIbIMH I JU (cM. rn. .zr. rlo cno- nr't6rr nr\? n2t{I/91 I-{2flr\nq 'rawrip r\rt rlkrp Iv.](.' rrrr lar-rrr rr,TlJArvru rtrtF,,n v vvr/ il^.. .-. tf Lw .e.v n,rrorHHHbrM, nu6o K .qepHBaLIHoHHbrM. 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BoEOBbIfIyCKH rI,{npOy3nOB Ha HeCKanbHOM OCHOBaHHH ycTpatlBaK)1'- cTpyOqaTbtMH B TerIe rpyIJToBbIX utorlru. flplr raKrix KoMnoltoBKitx rHApoy3na npucTpofrrcy N,IaJIbtx f3C UenecooopasHo ocyruecrBltnt, nyTeM no.4cnloqeHHtl K rcoHueeol'1 qacTH BoAoBbLnycKa oT.Qe,r1r:rri,rX HHToK noIFoIlgu{I,rx rypoHnHbtx Ro.UoBo.qoB. flprr cylrtecrB\;K)lrUrx H CTpO9U$fiCq rHfipoy3nax TaKOe peUeHHe IO3BOJ'IHT OCytI[CCTI]t{'l't, C'rpot1- TenbcTBo l'/laJlofi I]3C 6es rcopeHHot".r peKoHcTpyKuHH Bo,!oBr-r[],c](a I r uc, I r]pnpnl-IElq lJr\nr\,fa nLL-Ir\T-r\ ttA)Lltr.ft aL/-n n\/2'riI rr/rJ*.tvyLrw v yv.trt.rvs vr!v.p.Jstv4tttt. tlpu npoeKTHpyeML,rx BoAoxpaH;z.lir4ukax npucTpot-iKa 11a.rn,rX I".]( MOXeT BbInOnHqTbCq nyTeM yCTpoIZmBa COOCTBeHIrbrx C'far{Lt}torr}r},r.\ coopy)Ke:Hlli|il B cocTaBe BoAonpHeMHHKa, floEBoArrulefo Tyr rr rerbr (l r-ru r rpyfunpoBo,qa) H 3+aH:an Manofi f3C (cv. przc. 3.3). 6) --- PAGE BREAK --- { sra gg F ,so YL $ F8E N?5 tsg *va { 6ar x XEi B gF ; EI b in V | .a (J St \., ,X .-rD E SLo FoI otrt { flH i *;F EfiTg FE F (' hx 6Sl As o $ ? 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Ha crponu{HxcH KaHaJrax Uenecoo6pa:Ho grpouTenbcrBo MaJrbrx f3C BMecro nepenagr jo- fo coopylKeHKfl,.'l'arcvrv o6pasov, HMeercs 3HaqHTerIbHoe r'auoroo6pa:He. tso3MOXsr,rx cxeM coopyxeHr4fl, Manbrx I-3C. Bur6op onrHMarruuofr cxeMbr rDe6_v-c.r coorBercrByloqero rexHHqecKofo vr 3KoHoMr,rlrecKor-o o6ocllonArnrt. 3J. ONPEIIEITETTI4E OCHOBHI{X NAPAMETPOB MAIIbIX f3C OcHoeFIslMI4 gHepreraqecK vMr4 napaMerpaMH Marrbrx f3 C H nJ r r K)r.cr r ycraHoBrIeHHafl MOtr{HOCTb U rlHcno r:Htrpoanper-at.oB, ro,qoBaq Bbrpa 60TK a 3rrcK Tpo3 Hepl HL'r, p a cq e- Trl,r ii Hanop, pacqerrtsrrZ pacxon. B o6rqev cnyqae ycraHoBneHuyrc Moultocrb varrofi f3C Brr6hpa1)'i. Ha ocHoBaF{H'u 3Hep|O3KOHOMHqeCKHX pacqeToB, B KOTOpr,rx onpcle,trrK).t. 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B aasrepHaTr,IBHoM perxeHw npv Bo3Mo)KHoM Hcrrorlb3oBaHupt vtanort |3C B KaqecrBe HcroqHkfir..e r u r', r. --- PAGE BREAK --- flocryroeHuafl Mzrtzs Il-?C 6yger pa6ora:r B cocraBe Kpi/nHoi.l sHepic,- cHcreML,l, B KoTopyto B Hacroqqee BpeMsI BxoAJaT HeCKOJIbKO TennoBbrx, aroMHbrx u rpr,ulp€lBrrraqecK?D( enexrpocraHruaft 6orruuofi Mou_llrocra. _ ^ [3 pesylrrare coopy)KeHat Bo.uoxpaHanHrrla co3.qaercs Hanop oKono 10 v, rcoropurfi Mo)I(er 6urm HcnonbsoBaH D,nn errpa6orrcH 3neKTpo3Hep- I HH Ha rH.q)ogneKTpocraHrlnpr. flomo st*tanir nonycK H3 BoAox p aHwnur | \ano rpe6oBaHnflM BolrocHa6xeaug. c pacxo.qou2p, u3/c o6ecne.uaBaer cpe.uFrecyroqHyro Moiltrrocrr zvwtolt ManoBoAFroro ro.qa B pa3Mepe 170 rcBr. llo n-rrorrrocru rpaQarca 3nerpH\recrcoft Harpy3KH npaneranute- fo K uatofi fOC partoHa, paaHofi 0-5, ncrronb-?yeMaq Morr+-rocT- l,ra-qolZ l3C B pacqerHol"r rpaQHKe cocraaur 340 rcBr. 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AvoprH3auuoHHbre oTqucrtenng. no grofr r3C, noEcquTaHHbre no npvMeHeeMbIM B Hacroflulee BpeMrr HopN4zrM, eoeraBunu 6,33 rr,rC.pyb.r T.e. npHMepHo 2,5/o KarluTaJToBrlo)KeHuii s ee cTpouTerrbcrtso . iflcxopi us aHant{3a exel'oEIIEIY pt3,qep)KeK 3KcnnyaTaLft4r4 no clTIecTBi'roi_iilrivl MarbrM fOC u seo6xo.quMocTn norHofr asror\.r arv3aLlna ynpaB neHag., 3Kcr-L[yarauHoHHbre ro.qoBbre H3AepX(KH nO l-,]c OnpeAeneHbr B pa3Mepe 5 py6. rra I rcBr ycraHoBleHsolZ MoqFiocTu. CyraraapHbre roAorlbre H3Aep- )i(KH B sTOM C-nyqae oueHHBarorcs B pasMepe 8,13 Tbrc. py6. B rropvanbHbrx ycJroBaE.x 3Kcnny araur4u DaHr,afl Manafl I-OC 6yaer palorara He rlo rpe6oeaHrzflM gHeprocucreMr,r, a no rpe6oearr HflM norpe- 1wteneit Bo.q.bl, H Irnrr:r^ a aeapultHbtx cHTyar*rnx AonycKaeTcq ee Hc- iionb3oBaid'',-ie D,fifr 3HepiOCHa5xeiiug, uau1onee C)TBeTc-rEreHHrrrx no1-nedn- rereF MecTHofo paftoua. B KaqecrBe aJIbrepHaTHBbI coopy)KeHar'o vanolt fOC Mo)i(Ho paccMar- p HBarb crponTenbcrBo rasoryp6 ur+toir 3neKTpocraHuuu (fT3), ucnorm- eyevofi B KaqecrBe aeapufitoHoro pe3epBa 3HepfocncreMbr, c ygenbHbrMg --. l1A^--a/."n^r\crl ryr Lo.J t\)rtJ rLr.ir\\rnyl--lr\41-r I L* v y vl KD I k] r ulluublMu nl!.epxl(aMH 3Kcn-[ya- TaL\r4H (6es ronnr4Ba) Ll,4 py6hcBr. Y.lp.rrbreaa rcpafrue pe.qKoe Hcnorbso- tsaHr4e aoapvtltaofo pe3epBa, 3arpaTbr no TorrrruBy, pacxogyer\.lorvfy Ha 3 ne K TpocT aFIUt tflx 3HeprocHcTeMbr trnr KoMne rr caqna a urpa6oTK H OrreK T_ p o 3 H eprH u vastoit f3 c, crreAyer oueHHB aTb n o cronMocru 3AMbrK&rclrrlero 88 Tn6 nt tt rn i 5 K nrrnpnpnFHsn ?r^s^vwcanr ni r+w+prm- - ev,.eqe v--rvA--Y Hoqru crpol{TenbcrB.a va;rorr f3e floxasarens t3c lT3 YcraHosreHHag MolrlHocrb, KBr f oEogag a urpa6orrca 3leKTp o 3Hep rH H, NtrtH.rcBr..{ fo,qoeofi pacxo,q ronJIHBa, T ycrloBHoro ronJrHBa Kanr.rranoB JroxeH HtI, rrrc.p y6. Exerognue sKcnnyarauHoHHbre pacxoqbr, rlrc.py6. r.^-norto arrnart-t nn ?nnntJDr, rrrn nrr6- vAvpy.v J, ^pLv.r/tv. flpueegexHbre 3arparu (0,12 K + kf), ruc.py6lron 360 2600 25L,9 8,13 38,36 361 2100 950 41,8 4, l8 <ararcuprHa Ha Anrae BbrnycKarr B roA go I00 rlr,qporyp6un. ratu'uepiuree pa3BHTHe TexHorlorau fipwBeno K ToMy, qro 3KoHoMH_LIecKafl eS$ercruBHocrl nonylsHlaq 3HeprHH cMecrr4rracb B cropoHy r.lcflortb3oBaHp''fl 3HepfHH TOnrrHBHbrx pecypcoB 3evlH. Matas rH.qpo_ 3HCP|CTHKA PA3BHBAJ]ACb HC3HAqHTEIIbHO. BCC :AEOET]I MAJIbIX f},IAPOTYP. 6utt IlepeA Bellrct pauutbt lliJl4 f7 \ /u Mr t'U+J/ dlu--qb - Jl.i itl H < 45 v u PO|70/8A343 - ann H < 170 u. Ha puc. 4.94.11 u B ra6r. 4.14.3 AaHbr ycraHoBorrr{brc pa3Nlcpr,r cepufiHux MaJrbrx rHtrporyp6r-rH (no Hor'reHKJ'rarype i950 r-.). 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X (d tc,4 q,J v CJ s(> as sa \ se) o) s s s R s (a sc) s\1 ss k) s s c\ € .> s Iq ss R c: s+ \ tl s(a -1 6 f =' s€\ 7 -6882 \o s II o\ H r/) - o.>' F o H a d V F (J Q o F d o. d x (q .J tq + .f (_)s l-a l\ s -i q5 s !- \ B F) \ I\ C\ R\ s ss G! { Boo s ss(o s x N s ;t ss C) s \ ss S Rq d\ s a.\ >-. ,v ti --- PAGE BREAK --- I I c..l @ I - .r) T \o C! F c f-rr1 (s FO 0) ta Cr x .! o. i J (J s a N N ca(ac e: s\.) ls t; l* I I le) l^- | :=J : : s o) a)$J c\ t).b s (a (-) F - f + tr q C' E - N (a) O) \..j F si] \o v I cl !f \o a\o tr \o A F o Et t< d X (r() c) (< v (d d x E(U tr do o. c) H q= o I A{ s a) \ --- PAGE BREAK --- s q rr) (4, ".i I (-, o @ O c- Oo{ \o P F o { 3< d v F. F v (g o.qt x q d H (J o. a.) oo + (J \qo aO \:. OO N v) oo *\tc.! ./$: t\ ks E T cO at tl o --q< a o Puc. 4.9. Cxevrt ycraHoBKH rHE)oryp6HH cePHLt 0300-fO T a 6 n u ua 4. I. Oc*rosHbre ycralroBoeHbr€ pa3 Mep br rurporyp6 r4I aep'Ir! O3fiL'FO, ran Mapxa rp6w- A Hbt nr ilH fl -t) ro-35 L rlr-+z fo-50 ro-59 ro-71 to-84 3s00 J 'UU 4000 4800 5400 6000 1600 J. /UU 2000 2500 3000 3300 550 /ou 860 1000 1 120 1250 220 224 220 260 260 260 600 onnOUU 1000 1000 1200 1600 't 55 705 ona nan t tJ 7LU LL75 Lt20 1175 1i20 1390 1320 1790 t't30 lvlapxa ryp6H- ,41 Fibi n2 )I{ L lv{acca, rcr ro-.35 TO-42 ro-50 ro-59 t'(D-'/ I ro-84 115s L320 1560 1775 ztJvu 2400 570 645 740 880 I I,,UU 1 140 785 225 890 215 1000 255 1140 225 l -11u tvu 1480 3s0 800 1350 900 1600 1000 2250 I 150 3200 i300 4300 1450 5800 flpr,rveqaHpg. Q$rrlag Macca yKa3aHa 6e: orcacbrearcu{ei{ rpy6lr, LUKr'r{.-!, KoHueBoro noAruHnHrt.Ka H vyQrtr. --- PAGE BREAK --- \al \ PNc. 4.10. Cxeval ycraHoBKH rNgporyp6NH cep:y,il O82-fM, o13-fI{, o15-fM 3aencvrMocrL, MarccHMztrbHofo flpugeAeHHoro pacxo.ua oT pacqerHoro ijanopa Da:Ha Ha p^c. 4.1,2. Ecnu 3aJa]Ha rpeoyeMas MorllFrocrb ryp6uHur, -^A^--^- -^ a Lw J_Lyra,NLv r,p pcLtJ\Jy.(il\J r\rJJlr'ua. (JllpEllcJDdctu>t tlu (+upM)iJlc D L - Nl't qo,tt;t'tnJ,t, (4.8) I..Ee llr - Kn[ rypr6r,u-rsr, KoropF,rrZ voxso o[pe..qe.nuT_ no )/HHBepcanb- HOl,r xaparrepHcTHKe c nonpanrcofr Ha MZLcLUra6HurZ aQQercr sa cqer ytsenHqeHl/.n DJ4aMerpa pa6overo Koleca fnAporyp6unur. ilnn Matrbrx rnaporyp6nH c rl4alv'erpaMH pa6owax Korrec 0,5-2,5 M ory nonpaBKy l"{o)r(Ho rIpHHHMarb panHofi 04r2/o. Cne.uyer yqecrb, qro npH 3ToM r.02 Pmc. 4.11. Cxeuu rn4rotyp6t*t ceprdl flpK245-BO ycTaHoBKI.I flpK70-BO, Mxrr. Y H xua. Huu.9H6 Prrc. 4.L2. 3asrlcnvocrH pacr{erHoro npHBeAeHHOrO paCXOAa OT MaKCHManb-, - .-- Horo Hanona a); = t IHl H KDr.{Tr{rJecKn-. yL ro rcoeOQNrlprenra KaBHTar-lHH or npHBeAeHHOrO pacqeTHoro pacxoAa or =.f (Qi) anr. PO u IIII rn4>oryp6nx H,H 210 nyrKH0l,t nnK I 2 /.1 7,6 12 I n,l NA 0,4 0,2 0 200 /E0 i60 /00 80 60 /.0 20 li P rr:' i-8 6 C ffi, n K 0 0,2 0,/r 0,6 0,8 | 1,2 l,/, 1,6 1,8 2 2,2 7t,n'i C t03 --- PAGE BREAK --- Ta6nuua 4.2. Ocrrogrrue Jrcra.lroBotrr{bre pa:lxepDr rypfiwtoepHH Og2-fM. Ol}fM- Mapra ryp6x- A HbI K 082-fM42 o82-rM-50 o82-rM-59 o82-rM-71 o82-I'M-84 o1-?-tl,{-35 550 ol3-f M-42 600 ol3/15-rM-50 ?00 o13l15-fM-59 820 o13/15-f M-71 950 or3/1s-tM{4 1100 850 1100 1000 l5s0 L200 1100 1400 1500 I 6nn l Rnn nn,' ,4" nrvv luJu 750 950 850 L250 1000 1100 1200 1580 1400 1780 2100 950 1820 2500 1100 2100 2750 1300 23s0 2900 1500 27s0 2xafiusefi cHHxpoHHorZ nc, coorBercrB)'Iouleitpnly qzlcroT BpaUtc- Hrdfl crfiFg;laprHbu rHApofeHeparopoB (cv. n. 4.2.2). Oru,1r w3 napaMerpoB t'H.qporyp6tzHt t Bbtcora oTcacl,ulat tl'ttl H s - onpe.uenter pacnorox(eHHe ropu3oHTallbHolZ nlocrcocrH, rtpoxol-ttt- urbfr qepe3 Bbrxo.qr{bre KpoMKH rlonacrelZ pa6ovefo Koneca oTtIocHTerLIIo ypOBFre HH)KHero 6ueQa, cooTBeTcTByIoUero pacxogy ol$-Iofr rt'tAporyp6l l- Hbr. EcnH nonacrH tHllporyp6uHur pacnono)KeHbt Bbttue ypoBHq ltH)Kilcro 6seQa, Bbrcora oTcacbrBaHurr Ha3brBaercs notlo)KHTerlbHoal, a cciltl :HVrx\e - OTpHLIaT€ nbHolz. D;:rq onpe.uen et1vfl Bblcorbr orcacbrBaHnfl,,) o6ecne.{HBarouieil Ha.qex- nyrcr pa6or-v rH.rl.Doryp6uHur no vcJIoBHtIu KaBHTaut4r4 Bo BceM ltnat la3ol tc pa6or{Hx MoqHocreit u ganopoB, Hcnonb3yrorcq KaBHTauHoHHbte xapaK- TepHcrHKH rnllporyp6uHu, nonyqaeMble B npouecce MoAerIbHbIx HCrI trt-I'o.- HVrt. flpu arnx HcrbrraHtt:.x onpeAenflercfl 6espasvepHbllz rcolS$rtt ttt- CHT KABHTAU.H.H: o:(Hs - H6)/HD, r.qe Hs - BL,rcora oTcacbrBatr4fl)u: Ha - 6apor.aerptrLlecKoe rraR,rlenLlc Il Mecre ycraHoBKH, Mi Hp - pacqerl{buZ Hanop fHxporyp6uttt't, v. Ecnu npuHqrb' qro 6apoverpuqecKoe AaBneHHe Ira )?olrlle Nloptl paBHo 10,3 v, c y.rerow nonpaBKa Ha a6corlorHylo orMerr(y MemIlocrt't pacno.rlox(e:a lx i=C Bbrc(l'l'a orcacbrBa'rrizfiriirrDol:vD6i'.iHbi 6-v.aer oltiicnt'- JlflT:rcfl nO oopMyne Hs: to,3 - # - kallr. (4.i i) (4.t2) i05 --- PAGE BREAK --- I{narhrhrnlrrortr ^^-^^^ ,- ---- rvv.'/y/,ru'rvrr.r. r*r' r4\d ^ rtpvtt|,uNvLe'tctl paBHbIM rl_l,5. Ko_e++HI+r4gHT KaBHTaUHU B pacr{erHori ro.rrce pa60Tbr rHJrporyp6HHbr MoxHo onpeAe-nw'b no yHHBepcaJrbHbrM xapaKTepHcrHKav (cv. p4c. 4.44.A1 nau ?oo6o6u-lenHorz xapaKTepHcruKe Ha pac. 4.12. HcrormsoBarue eplenu rtacocoB B KaqecrBe rzUpor:rpOr+r EJsr'4aJrbrx fOC' flpu eospocrueM HHTepe€ K cTpoHTeJrbcrBy rvcL,:rbrx f3C neBCerAa Mo)(Ho 6ucrpo yAoBneTBopsrb norpeouocra L n{ApocHnoBOMo6opyaoBaHnu.qrsil Bcero wrarTa3oHa pacnoraraeMbD( HanopoB H pacxo-AOB. B erov Moxer noMoqb Hcnorr6-oBaHr4e B KaqecTBe l-lr.qpo ryp6i.m Cepnfiut IX OC€BbIX H lleHTl-'lo6e>rl 6anacrHofr Harpy3Korz, Harr pHNrep Bo4oHarpeBaTe n flMH. I'lprenrcs npHMepbt Hcnonb3oBaHHti v Apytvrx rHnoB HacocoB R Kar{c- crBe rHApoTypSvrt Dns MzlrlL,tx f3C: oceBblx FrH3KoHaflopHbrx H apre3r{i}Fr- cKHX nofpyxHutx (nocnegl{Hx B Uenqx rH.qpoaKKyMynHpoBarJ6fl). KnJl t09 --- PAGE BREAK --- yc-TaHoBoK e _Ta-}(Jzl'-{r.t o6par-t+.ablltx fl4ipoaiperarai,nri 3Ha-.i}irenbHoHt{xe' qeM c o6al.ffiuwt uenrpo6e)ICHbTMH Hacocan\lu (pln norppKHbu HeBbrnre 30%), a raJt TrrtraTeIIbHo H3toToBIleHHbIX nIlaHeTapHblx 14 oKoIIo 5o/o gnfl, qHnHH.qpiJ- qecKHx. --- PAGE BREAK --- Pxc. 4.15. fa6apNru rHApofeHeparopa illts BepTHKaJIbHbIx Hu3KoHanopHbrx rHApoTypoHH npHMeHrrlorcjl rHlpofeHeparopb,I MeJrKocepnifHoro H3roroRrl elltnfl., noxo)Kge Ha reHepa- Topbl cpeln-Il{x rlo Mou{FrocrH f3C. 3ru reuepaTopbr HMeror, KaK ripaBg- lo' fiognecHoe HcnonHeHHe c onopofi nogr]tTHr.il 200 v) npeATyp6prsnr,re sarBopbr Hcnonb3yrorcq B KaqecrBe o neparHBH blx 3ztrBopoB, 3€tr(pbrBaeMbrx npH Kaxno lZ ocran oBK e rHllporyp- 6wuut B qenflx npeEorepsuleHlrq uleleeorZ KaB Hrau HH HartpaBn qro Luero annapaTa. ilnn MaJIbIx I-OC B KaqecrBe nperylvo6raurtsrx 3arRopoB Hcno-rrb3)rro:r- cq nrocKHe 3arBopbr Ha BXoAe B BoAonpae\,ffiklK ruAporyp6aHsr (nnq Ha3KoHanopHbrx I-3C), AHCKoBbre 3urrBopL,r Ha Bxo,ue B cnnparrbnyK) KaMepy ryp6rauur (arq-[.3^C c LI :30:200w v npu.qHaMerpax H€rropHor-o rpyOonpo BoAa cBbrrue 1200 w), craHAapTH bre craJrbHbre B oAon po B oAr_r r,r e 3a,uBH)KKv (nns fgc c H :30+200 r ,n .p, AHaMcrpax nanopuoro .rpy6t.; rpoBo.qa 500-1000 vtu) u, HaKoHeu, LuapoBbre 3arBopbr Dnfl rca cII > 200 u. nr'rcxoeuuZ sareop (ptnc. 4.18. a) npeacraBrrqer co6ofr ncBopo.rr rr,rii .uHcK o6rercaeworZ QopMr,r, pa3MerqeHnurfi B qHnHHnpHqecKoM crarbHoN,l Kopnyce H ynpaBnnewt'tit tlri,flpaBnvqecrcuw HIH 3rreKTpHqecKHM rrpHBo- .aoM. 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Ecnu frecrb, r{To Ha rlaarolZ I3C 6e:t o6cnyxaBaroulefo nepcoHana Heo6xo.qnvo peLuHTb errle npo6;rcrl,r aBToMa'fu3lJJHr'r no)Kapor"yu-teHns H oxpaHbr rcC, To oqeBHAHo, L1r.c) Hau6olee HaAexHoe peLUeHHe Bcex 3THx Syr-rrcurzfi 3aKrioLracrcl r:r eAHHoM ycrpoEcrae-ycraHoBKe Ha Marblx I-3C MHKponporreccopon (r r-r r r r ,-- rvl/^rrtEf.l_\j/LDl/vtlcLJrDraD![ l,+rLra wrl.l'sJr.bnDr^ I \-,rv, YtJrYt L pytuluublx I li)l.l ylrpcltJ,, lLt- Hvr:a KacKa.aoM, HttH KycroM Malbrx fOC). 3ra sagaqa r-ia nepeurfi s3f-rir{,r I npoTHBopeqHT ynpou{eHHro 3KcnnyaraLJl4vl vanofr fCC, a s Aeirc'r.ntrrtrrr,- HOCTH ee ynpocTHT, TaK KaK peMOHT COBpeMeHHbrX 3neKTpOHFri,iX \.c t- poficTB cBoErzTcq, KaK npaBano, K 3aMeHe 3lleKTpoHHr,rx 6,qoF(on :tantrc- HbIMH. flnarcrurcA vcr2HC)RI(I,,t t./2t{nclnnctrlrrccnnrrn }--r2 \rq T-rr-rv I--)(-- ,, r rr\.rr,), r-'f-' v\7 l, rtvgr!/\- Hee BpeMrr flonyq4na uupoKoe pacnpocrpaHeHHe. Harrpr,rr'..rep, n liiil) N7fl yl1paBnerl.r-rr. KacKa.uoM H3 qerbrpex Marrbrx f3C npi{Nrer rcr r Nrrriip() npoqeccop 6upr"t't "BectaHfays" (ClllA), BbtnorHqrcutHl"i ncc yKa:r3i u rr,rr, Bbltue QyHrurtau, a raK)Ke TerleMerpHqecKyro nepeAaqv rlrQopuaurirr o pa6ore v aaapvflx o6opynoBaHHil. B I4cnar-rn\4 EnF. ynpaBner iiir l,iam,ri,iii I.3C (.uo rpex rHtrpoarperaroe) Hcno,rirr3oBaH N{r.rKpoKoNlnr,K)Tcp I I'l'1.., BKtlrcqatouJ;rtit Bce Bxol+Ible v Bbtxo.qHbte ycrpoilcrna. Bo-nurrrlrr rcl.no BBollHMbIx B Hacroq[Iee BpeMq Malbtx f3C CIIIA o6opynon&rrr,r N4]rrip() npor.-IeccopaMu B cHcTeMe perynHpoBaHHfl . --- PAGE BREAK --- ilnnr-r:r'n. Trerrl:r1 nnnl{L{ Fl ElF,lrr-{anl{Tel-rF.Hot{ Tp.rHl{I{e 14 qnp.}{T'noHtIt{p-r-------- AOnxeH Her46exfio npHBecrH K ycraHoBKe Ha MaJIbIx l'3c eAHHor,r CHCT€MbI ynpaBneHufl,, BKIIOqatI peryIsT0p H 3AUtkrTIrI fHApOarperaTa, C HCnonb3oBaHHeM MHKponpoqeccopoB. Konc4p5ncwu peryJltropoB. Perynatoput qac'Torbl BpauJel:.ru.fl trr.fl MaJrbrx f3C B H;rcrosulee BpeMrr p:xlpaoarbrBarorcs B BHJIe EByx npr4r{rlH- .lr4AITbHbIX CXCM: MEX AH:HI{ECKHE V SNEKTPOHHbIE. B VEXAHPT. qecr(Hx peryJreTopax cHrHaJIbI ynpaBneHlde no qacToTe BpauIeHHt f HApoarpefaTa nocTynaroT oT MexaHHqecKoro ueHTpo6e)KHofo t lt,,.flTlHyl- Ka. npHBo.uHMofo Bo BpauleHue c noMoulbr,o MexaHHqecKoft Hnu sne:K7.rj:a- qecKorz nepe.uar{H or Barla fHgpoarperara. B anercrpoHHoM peryntrope cvrHalrbl ynpaBne:Hnfl nocTynaroT oT 3neKTpoHHofo Kone6aTetlbHofo KOHTypa. nHTaeMOfO nepeMeHHbrM ToKoM, vrITH OT Hanpq)KeHktfl rilaBHo- fo feHepaTopa, vJtr4 oT cneuHanbHofo feHepaTopa, )KecTKo cBq3aHHofo c BanoM rHApoarperaTa. Yculestae cHfHaJIoB ynpaBireHr4r B coBpeMeHHbIx peryJrirropax npoH3BoAr4TCq C sgvQrr{bro rH.qpaBnHlrecKHx ycHnHTeleiit, flHTaeMbrx oT MacrloHa no p Hofi ycraHoBKta (MHY) c MnctIoBo3AyruHbIM aKK)rMynqropoM v MacJrrrHbIMH HacocaMpr. HcnonruarerlbHble 3rIeMeHTbr yfipaBneHufl - cepBoMoropbr HanpaBnqroulefo ailrTapaTa, pa6ot{efo Koneca IIII ryp6HHbr H nperryp6HHnoro 3arBopa - TaKXe Hcnorlb3yror Daener'vre MacJIa oT MHY. B Hacroquree BpeMl perynflTopbl Mrulbrx f3C e CCCP 6ygyr Bblnon- HqTbcs TonbKo 3neKTpoHHbrMH, Tar( KaK oHH 6onee HaAe)KHbr 14 no3BG rrrror BbrfronHrrrb 3brar{HTenbHo 6onuure Qynrcutaft aBToMaTnreCrcoro ynpaBneHKfl,. llpnnrvn:HaJllb:Hafl, cxeMa raKoro perynsropa Dali.a Ha puc.4.1.9. KoHcrpyrcTHBHo perynqropbr Mzrnbrx f3C BbrnotlHqr'orcrr B BHge ,n6yx 6lorcoe : 3neKTpoHHorc v MexaHuqecKoro, BKtlroqaoqenc MttfHHTo3neKT- pwqecKr.ilZ npeo6pa:oBareJlb, rH,upaBnpr\recKnfi ycHJrHTerIb, 6noK 3oJIoTHH- KoB H cepBoMorop HanpaBnqroruefo arlnapara (cepaorvroropbr pa6ouero PNc. 4.19. Cxewa pefyJrrrropa -- -- --- rTlrT trnfi Manbix i JU npoH3Bo.UcTBa 9K.['6raHcKo" (9CCP): I - srercrporHgpaBnHrrecrcrafr npeo6pa:oBarenb; 2 - cepeovo- rop; 3 - Hacoc; 4 - npeaoxpa- HHrerrbHbrfi uanan;5 - nepe- nrrnuunrT rnenau. K - -^.-ttttt.:r.er.e.., v DvoAJ .g- urrft 6aqoK; 7 - MacnoBo3Aytu- Huli auyMynqrop; 8 - o6par- Harft uanaH; 9 - MacrooxJra- N],{TEJIb 900 Pnc. 4.20. la6apNrsr perynqropa H MHY En.rr Marbrx f3C npoNsso.q- crBa qK.U 'BrarrcKo" (qCCP) Koneca H npelTyp6HHHofo 3arBopa Bxolrrr B y3nbr paCtouero Kolteca I r 3arBopa). MHy Bblt-IorlHqercq B BHAe oTAenbHoro y3ra H ycra:r,aBirrtrBacr'- cq oTAeJrbHo. Ha pHc. 4.I9 u 4.20 npuveAeHbl cxeMa 14 raf,aplzrrL,r 3ncK'lp() rHApaBnHr{ecKoro perynqTopa u MHY Dnfl l./,aIl]slx f3C, paspa6oT&}rrrr,tC 3aBoAoM t{K,U "Bran:crco" (LICCP). B ernx peryntropax a BToMarHLrecKoe pefynLrpoBaHr,re o6ecneL* r Ll ac't - cq gneKTpoHHbIM 6lorcov (roloercofi) perylqropa no H3N{eileili.rKi rrrrc'r'r)- TbI Bparqerrr4g, reHeparopa, nonyqapulero 3Ty qacTory or rpanccpopNlt'rrr. pa Hanpfl,>KeHv'rs, Ha 3brxoAe feHeparopa. 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B CI,lCTeL{e ne r{='-!-r -r..tn^tr_n -r-' J' c .uaBjreriHeM 4 n 613 MlIa .erfl KpyrrHbrx rHApG Kporrae onucaHHoro Bbrr_ue perynflTopa qacrorr,r BpeuleHza c rH.qpaB-nHqecKHM IjCrI,omtHTeJIbHbIM MexanIH3MoM, eogEeftc-rByroulprM Ha pery-nKpyrour4e opnaHbl rH/uporypdvnt, B nocJle.qlee BpeMrr DJTtt MaJTbrx f3Cn onyqalsr pacfl pocTpaHeHze 3neKTpoHH bre perynrr ropbr c sneKTpoHHbrMH HcnonHHTetIbHbIMH MexaHH3t\AaMH. Our,t paOoraror no cr(eMe HcrroJrh3G BaH'{g 5antasntoFr uarpysrcu. B 3TOM qnyqae rcnoBKa perynsrDpa 3a4aer Heo6xo.4'avroe oTKpbITue HanpaBngrorqefo anna p aTa. coortsercr- tsJioiiiee onrijlviaribHoNry HCnOnb3OBaHHrO BOAOTOKa, a BCe H3MeHeHHrr Hafpy3KH norpe6urenfl (uHxe oI-ITHMaJIbHoIZ Harpy3KH fr,UpoTyp6rzHur) norrolrlalorcs latmacmoit Harpysrcofi (r-ranprrvlep, 3neKTpHqecKHMH co np o Tr{B ileHhflt\/tr,I trrfl HatJreBa B o.rlb I vrnW oroffr eHua ). peryngpoBaHHe 1annacrsofr uarpy3KH MoxeT npoH3Bolr'Tbcs nu6o .,o MeroAy peocrara, nu6o no HMrrynbcHorvry BKrror{sHHn nosroqHHofi Harpy3KH-(rxpamop_ H brMH BKrIK)rIare ng.t *t). Tarcue peryrslTopbl BecbMzr Heo6xo.u r4r'tbr nprz pa6oTe Maroft f3C Ha H3OnHpOBaF+ryp Harpy3Ky u npH OTCTrcTB:H:g- y Hee pefyrrHpyroqero BOAOXPAH.I4JIIdIJJA Pac-rer rafnrrftfi peryru{poBa^rrHs. 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Bcex 1nlacrKoB rpy6onpoBo.ua H npoToqHofr .racrn ryp6llrr'r or r- pegeJiaror LLv, u2/c; 6) onpegerltlror 6espas r'aepH yro x a paK re p vcr uKy Tp y fu n po e o.Ee I o = 6rn (l - Lro)-"'', (4.2'1) __^t lf f Lr \ rj-l ^ t/fe$rp : 1flr.y - rt0)tt0 U'I'llOULl'lEJrbHOe IloElbl[lel-IHe ruII]IL'lll|tl npn c6poce Harpy3KuiH..u - MzLKcHManbHoe rIoBbILUeHVe DaBne:r:arl tipLl rh,qpaBnHqecKoM y.Uape;HC - HaqarbHufr Harop ryp6HHrr repe.rt c6po- coM Har?y3KH; npnHv4lv.aror,qnfl HanopoB 6oriee 100 v (- : 0,2; lnq ua- nopoB l0-100 rr,r (.p :0,35+0,5; e) onpegertllor .uonycrnMoe BpeMsI 3aKpbrrHrr HanpaBnflrotriero ar tntr- para rHgpoTyp6rnu, c: T. : LLv logHe)-r ; .l I .l t I Orrpe,qe.lerilae fIoBb{rueHHtI rrZrcrorL,r Bpau{eHHtL Dls npoBcr]er u rr pacr{era IfoDKHbI 6srm 3anaHbt vraxoeofi MoMeHT poTopa rer'iepax)prl GD r't-l.a2 (vaxoeurM MoMeHToM poTopa typluHu npeHe6peraer'{ Bnrl,rt}- ero orHocnTenbHofi r'aalocrn), uacrora BpaqeHHl reHeparopa go c6pocl Haryy3rcH ngro6/twm, MoulHocrb Ha Ba-rly fr.lJlporyp6r+rsl Ac c6po..;l Hafpy3KH \, rcBr. 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Jltr no3BotIHT norry^44Tb 3 K OH OMHIO Ha rpy 6OnpOB Otre. fipu sHaveHurx B ) 0,5 cne.qyer Hnv yBenll'rrTb vaxoaoir NloN{L-r I'r' reHepaTopa, qTO npHBeAeT K nOBblLUeHHrc MaCCbI pOTOpa H rpy3olIoIll,Lrt\1- --- PAGE BREAK --- Puc. 4.21. 3aDncNvocra rog66 HrJueqra I or xapaKrepHcrnKn ,pi6brrpouosa 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 5 =r/ltr),//nu T I / ty,,O ,-jl floororta-y 3a4a'a onpeAen eHHfl rapaHTH rt peryrurpoBaHusr peluaerc, IIV]}PM. r-T\grtHpurro n-- nr',d,r ,-,J - -.'- ,vLLrL" vcDJrrlynDu( bapkTaH.L'OB fHApaBnHqgCKOlO fpaKTa g:::t"": ::1y"rra rpy6onpoBo.qa H ronuruHbr efo creHoK) H poropat '-r r\-Po Lwya ic pa3nI'Ir{HL'iMH MaxOBbIMH MOMeHTarr,ca). fIO pe3ynbTaTaMcpaBHeHHfl npK.lHMaerct BapI4aHT, .qalou{H it :rrau.vet*-yto croHMocTb.flprasegeHHlllz Bbrlue ynpouteH ut;rt pacrrer rapaHTn,rz peryJr'p oBa'Hfl,AocraroqeH DJ7fl rlpetrBapHTetlbHblx cra.4ulZ npoercrtz poBa.-:tlzrfl H pacr{era3KoHoMHqecKoIZ eQQercrnaHocru. Eonee ToqHbrrz pacqer rapap1Tkr1lpe rynHpo BaHr4s npoBo.44rcr ryp 6 :aH;:.brl.zir4 3aBo.qaiv{H H ;,a",r*lro-HccneAo-B a Terb cK HMM lHtrgf HTy T aMr4. fnn opueHTHpoBoqFrbrx pacqeroB cnyqafi rr,rgpaBnprqecKofo y1apa npvnr4TaHt4la HecKolbKr{x rH,qporyp6raH or otr}roro Tpy6onpoBoAa raK)KeMOXeT 6i,,rm paccuurarr no BbrrrrenpHBe,qeHHbrM qlop'l..rynara Ho npH 3TOMcreAyer paccMzITpHBaTb cnyuafi o.qHoBpeMerlHofo oTKnroqeHnfl TorrbKoTex rHApoarpefaToe, pa6orarcrrp,u oT o.qrloro rpy6onpoBoAa, KoTopbreN{Ofyr orKrrroqHTL,Cq OTIHOBpeN{eHHO OT Cprc-Tevrr (npH aaprorrj. r 4.3. COBPEMEHHbIE PA3PAEOTKI4 CTATUTAPTHbIX iviAniix fn.[poAfpEIATOB B CCCP B cBtJl4 c orHoc,TerlbHo BbrcoKHMH yrlenbHbrM' noKa3ar eilflMu M2 nhrY l-3(- (6An-r'!4dryr(4Jru'|,a r -/'v \Lr\jirbirrzr>r, LieM ija KpynHblx craHuHflx, croHMocTb I rcBrycraHoBneHHorz Moluiiocru u | rcBr.q oTnycKaeMorz 3neKTpoeHepruu)ecrecrBensor)i rrBrtserc, Heo6xo.u4Mocrb MaKcHManbHo Bo3MoxHorocrrw)KeHwfl KaK croHN,rocrra o6opylroBaH:afl, TaK H pacxoAoB Ha ero gKc- IrI)/arauHlo. l{cxoAs H3 3TO|O ycnoBHr, MO)I(HO CQopr,ayrrHpoBaTb Half-LlnArJLtP mo6^^ ^t/!\-r\Jclo,r-tyrtr t\ IcxH()Jl(_)fHqeCKO\{y OOOpyECBaIl}lIO MaJ-jbiX l3c: BbrcoKaq HanexHocrbH npocrora o6cny,*vBa*ufl. u .o.,!run1;'?r:t.l3Korz croHMocrbro. 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Bpau-{e- Hr4fl,, MaCJrOHanopHas ycTaHoBKa, KOMTIJTeKT AaTqHKOB U yCrpoficta aBTOMaTHKH BCnOMOrarerIbHbrx cHcreM H naHerrb ynpaBneHHq MarrbrM rHApoafperaroM. Perynarop no3Bonter ocytqecrBnflTb perylHpoBaHHe KaK no Lracrore npu pa6oTe Ha H3onHpoBaHHyro Hafpy3Ky, TaK U nO pe)KHMy Bo.qoroKa npH pa6ore rHApoarpefara napannenbHo c sHepro- cucrevoE. _u --- d .+<- B -><- 2 3* K pezlnnmnpy u nypbuanony nnfopg K J/-n pe?ynsnLpa tl I nn l,ll,l-f t0 l llJ Cucmeuu pezynupo0aaun PNc. 4.30. Cxewa MacJroHanopHofr ycraHoBKH: J - vacaoHacoc c 3neKrponpnBoAoM; 2 - xnanaH nycKoBolt: 3 - 6ecrcosraxrsrrE dqrf f rrV nana-.a,'.,-. / Aq^1'..\ r.vr.v^enrl^r'] - AJrctrl(rr1 rrPcl{u.x'PilftrlTcJtbHbll,t; J - peng ypoBHg MacJIa; o _ AarqHK TeMneparyptr; 7 - Macnoao3AyusuytEt KoMnpeccop; g - pefynsrop ypoBHs Macna; 9 - pe-ne AaBneHHs; 10 - craHqxs ynpaBneHx.rr H&cocavu; 11 - vacnsHuft tpy6onpoeon; 12 - Bo3AytuHurff rpy6onpoBog; 13 - rctanaH HopMaJrbHo orKpbrt; 14 - KnanaH HOpManbHo 3aKpbrT 130 \- I L=J I MasJrouanopHafi ycraFioBi€ (iviHy) c o6leivioirii iviaaroElo3l-IyrlrHor\) KorJur 0,63 v3 c pa6ovur'r ,qaBrIeHHeM 2,5 MrIa o.qHHaKoBa rnE-, Rcex cTaHI&prHbrx rH.qporypoux. MHy HMeer .qBa MacroHacoca H MacJroBo3- ,ryrmrufi KoMnpeccop .qnq KoMfreHcaquv yrelcleK Bo3.qyxa. cxer,aa ycra- HoBKH ElaHa Ha phc.430. 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PacnonoxenNe ycrpol-{crB Ans ynpaBrleH}{s rNgpo ryp6Nrr o11 : I -.qarrl,rK ypoBHq Macna; 2 - Ear,tvrK reMneparypbr noauHnHllKa; 3 - Aar.il*: TeMneparypbr lracna; 4 - naHerb ynpaBneHHq rr.rApoarperara; 5 * 6ecrcol{raKr}{r-l(, AaTr{HKH noJIoxeHHfl; 6 - 3otIorHHK ynpaBneHH'.; 7 - KoHTaKTHbrfr .qar.{Nx rroJlo.xe - uua;8 -gxSvanoMerp; 9 - D,arquK qacrorbl BpauieHnq; 10 - pene aracrorbl Bpaule- HH9 ilililil1 + Iotdtlx -g3tp<- -i rcoscrpyxuuir l,+.rrcpol'-?C B Hacrorlttc,.' BpeMq 3aHHMuLIoTcq B r. @pyu:e Kupnrscrcufi nayquo-Hccre.qoBaTL)Jit,. csr rnApvLypr.JtlHbl tl_!r>r Lypvnnbr LJ.\r. DvtprKUbal ,lH :0,46); rlD, rl,, - KIII, paeHnrfi.axr pe.qyKTopa 0,7{,9 H reHeparopa 0,75{,9 coorBercrBeHHo. B saelacnMocra or coorHoLUeHHs Heo6xo.uututoit MorrrHocrv H napa- MerpoB Bo.aoroKa aur6npaercs qzcno ycraHaBrr,IBaeML,rx rHrporyp6aH. flpuveHgrorcq raKxe cxeMr,r MrJorot. HpnflH,uHbrx l'u-H:rcpof SC c napanneIIL,HhrM v ny.{e.BbrM pacnoIIo)KeHHeM rHpnfiH.U. 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Paslpt.rnble acrteKTbr coopyxeHHfl varrux fOC DaccMarn wr.,A--r----- J'l.run rla rvrJ-lurllx Me)KAyHapo.qHbIX KoHQepeHuHrx H cHMnO3pIyMax, caMbIMH npeAcTaBHTetlbHbttvtkr u3 rcoTopbtx 6annu EaponelZcKafl rconQe- peHLtJ4fl e 1982 r. (N{oHre-Kapno) pr MexayHapolFrc,re rcoHSepeHr-IHH no ManbrM I-3C e 1984 r. (Canraryp) u l9g5 r. (rcHe; J+t1. 150 Mrrorge erT)aHbr Koonepup\ftorcn B perueHHla npaKTkrqecKoro pu]RVTHt r"ralofi rHJIpogHeprerHKH. Tarc, B nepcneKTHBHbIX nnaHax 3HepferHrrr crcofi opraHllsaullr ilarLTHoaN{eprrr*aHcK}{x crpaH (OIAI3) sua.urre,'tr, Hoe Mecro orBe.ueHo crpoHTenbcrBy N,I^zrlblx I.3C. B mo-aoctowrotl Asl-'ttt (r. XaHuxoy, KHP) cosnaercrr perHosaruusrfi Lrs.yqH6-HcctteAoR&T€lt,- crclrft ueHrp no npo6leMe HC[orIb3oBaHHfl 3HeprHH Manblx peK. MexayHapoauoft 3HeprerHqecrcorZ KoMHccHefi (lt{3K) e TexHr,rqecKoNr KoMHTere no rHApaBnHqecKHM ryp6rzrraw co3llaHa pa6ouaa fpynna, ii 3a.qaqy- rcoroporZ BXoAHT pa:pa6orrca oOulax rexHHr{ecKHx rpeOcr:aurrii trrfl frpoeKTupoBaHan. 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