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--- PAGE BREAK ---

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:iJlclirl)oc1';lllttllll o6ocilcrIIIllac'r flo,Ityr11'1111a cllcAclll{l:i o6o
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3OBur rrflfl u7 I rrc'rr(o ottpe/leJlfle'r 3a/{aql'l Bcex npeA,np fiflTrfi,
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Jry.rerrl.re oneparr{Brrbrx Aarrrrblx AJIfl peryJlIIpOBaI{Hfl BOAIIO-
ro cror(?l (nllonycl<a naBoAortllbIX pacxoAoB, opralIIl3aIIllIl
ilppr.tral.(llollllblx noflycl(oB, callllTaptlblx pacxoAol]' pacxo-
AOrl ila l]o/(oclla(rrt<c:ttllc II T. n.).
flo.no>r<currn gTt{x Aor{yMeHToB flBJIntorcfl o6xsareJlb[Ibl-
M rr /r,Jr l BCC.X rl.t1po3;teI{TpocTa II[ll fi ycrattoBJIeI'lHoI? MouIHo-
crbro (;cl.nec 5 r'r,ic. l(llT, a I] orAcJIbllblx Cflyt1atlx (nO TpC-
(ronaltulo MC(:'t'ttt,tx oPfaltotl A{tlrlnoAXo3a CCCP I.l focxotvt-
rrrApoMc'ra CCCP) ir .ltJrrr rrrApoeJlet(rpocrat{u,I{t:i MeHLIUeii
MOlltlIocTll.
1-2. AHxerxulf, onpoc rHgPoeneKrPocraHt1Hil no yqery
cToKa Bonbl
O I(AI(OM-JII,I60
rllopuofi rIccJle-
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rra rilAposJlel(-
onpocbr B 1969
[fnn noJtyttellllfl o6uteno npe^craBJlettlln
: norrpocc y71o(trtclfi lr cpallllllrerlbllo 6l;crpoft
/[()r]allllfl fll]"rlrtc'tctl atll(e'fllblfi onpoc. A.rrn
c o(lilt,l|tir coc'rotllllleM llonpoca Yttera Bo/lbI
Tl)OCTattL(ttttX 6t'tnlI npOBeACtl6l l'lX alII(CTIIble
r 1974 rr.

--- PAGE BREAK ---

B 1969 r. anr(erni,rM onl)ocoM drr,r.no oxnattetro f)2,
a B i974 r. -- 104 r'rl/lpo?flcl('rpocraHil,nl{ ItJII{ ot(oJIo 70olo
ncex rrIApo)Jrcr(Tpoc'r'ilr-rrlrri.r uolttttocrrrro 6o.nee l0 rrrc. lcBr.
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r13Mel)crrr.rii, rr:rJnlnrfl pacxo/r.oMepr.rbrx yc'rpoiltcrn, IJartIrII'tn
IIzr'lrpllblX iJt(CIIJlyul'l'ell(lloIIIIblX II l)aCXOAtlbIX Xal)aK'repllCl'lll('
co(:'r';u],lr0nnr llol(noro 6;r,.uiufc:r, r'orilroc'rtt r{3Mcl)cttl.tH lt T'. It.,
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TpocTaHIIIIr.r H BMeCTe C TeM no3BOJIlI"{O CAe/IaTb ee AOCTa-
TOrrFro no"nrrofi no mrrpor{oMy l(pyry RonpocoB.
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Ii3OUIirO, Zr Il0 MilOI'rrM rryril(T?lM cBe/lclll{fl Aa}l{e IIoJIllocrblo
coBrraJIII. FIu>l<e npt{BeAertbr rt€t(oropblC pe3yJrbrarbl aHl{er-
rroro onpoca 1974 r., I(oropLIe MoryT c AocTaToqtIOfi AocTO-
BCI)lIOCTr)ro Xapal{Tepl.l3oBaTL Tal{}l{e tI coBpeMeI{IIOe CO-
c'r'oilIrIIC IJOIIl)oca.
V,let noAr,t FIa gcex frrApo3Jler(TpocrarIuHflx Il Tol'l IIJIt.I
rrrrolYt cpoprrre rraralr{e}t. I{a noAaBJIRtoltt,eM 6oflblllllHCTBe IIX
pacxoAbl Bo,u,br, npoxoAnlt(lle qepe3 Typ6llHbl, Bo.[oc6pocrlue
rr BoAo3a6opnrte coopyx(etll.lfl, onpeAeafllorcfl HenocpeAcT-
DeI{HO B crBope I4 ocyqecrBflnlorcfl pa6oTI{I{KaMI'I TeXI{I'Iqe-
cr{oro oTAeJIa, rr,lApollexa HJIH Ae)l(ypIIbIM IIepCOHaJIOM rl'I-
.TIPO3JICI{TPOCTAIIIIIIII. [IPITMCPI{O 6% II3 O6UCTO TII4CJIA JII'IIII
:t il lI lt ]\1:-l ]O||LII XC:'I yt| cToM i 't I}JI 'I IoTC'I CIIeIIIIaJII,{cTa MI.I.rIIApo-
,rrot'it tvrrl c tlr,tciltItM r.tJILI CpCilill{M CI'lcll,l'lilJIbllblM o6paeona-
IIIICI\'.
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npoBoLr{Jrr.r Tar{rre IrcrrbrTaIlrrfl Jrrr60 tIa Bcex ycTaHOBJIeHIIbIX
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ryp6r.rHHofo pacxoA:r ilpoBoAlrJlcfl no pacxoAoMepaM. Ha
rpex rHApos.rrcr(rpocra ilrlrrf x ( Ee"rrorraopcr(oIi, BuroocrpoB-
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I-{eo(lxoAnpro oTMerH'rb, rrro caMr{ npH6opbl-pacxoAoMe-
pbr ycrarroR,rrerJbr tra 6o.nrureM rrt.IcJIe rl.lApo3aeI(TpocraHIIHl'I
(Hvilr o6otrlyJtoBarro orioJro 40vo rr.rAp03Jlel(rpocral{qltii), oA-
lraKo rro pa3HbrM npHrrrtHaM oHr.I He sKcnJIyaTHpyIOTCfl (6O-
Jree noApo6no o6 erou 6yler cl(a3aHo n $ a-5).
Ilo4cuer cpeAuecyroqHolo 3HaqeHHfl pacxoAa qepe3 ryp-
6nHsl rrpoBoAr4rcfl r.rJn.r no KoJIHqecrBy BbIpa6oraHnoll 3a
cyTr(rr 3Jrer(rpo3,r{eprr.rH, t4ltrr no Harpy3l(e rHApoarperaToB,
onpeAeJtneuofi no BarrMerPsiu, ycraHOBJIeHHbIM Ha lryJlbre
ynpaR,ner{nrr. f[cplronurtrrocrt, na(l.nroAer.Irrfl sa narpyst<oli [t
pacxo/(oM rrrAp0?t rl)craToB crpof o lle perJIaMeIITHpoBalla.
Olr;r 3?ulrrcrrr or MCcllrt'rx ycnonrtfi n n octloRtIoM onpeAe-
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B 6aslrcnorvr pex(uMe. Bor uet(o'ropbre AaI{FIble. Oxono 60%
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--- PAGE BREAK ---

['llyrrrta t]orrl)ocon anr(c'rr-,r 6ts"n..t rroctrrrtJ(crra l](ulnt,rrrl 6ir-
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2-051 t7

--- PAGE BREAK ---

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iltJM X;1 ll;1 l(TCl)ltcTIll(ilM.
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OPfPSC.
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riu itpoo. Ann ctlnrtlfl IIOI(a3annti noxasblBalo[Iero ilpH6opa rpe6yercl
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42
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43

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56
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69

--- PAGE BREAK ---

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cTny191111.1prr,I rrHCTp)/r(rlr4flMtI lr IIacTaBJIel{lltlMII no l'IX 3I(J-
rr,il!fl1;1rlrrlr. ,
\I..^,- E.\mrra^Ftr drt.lrhnr\nh hnrtnltnrrnat
r/ 'Itl I ll lrU t U'tUl\ 'lUl/\;J l-l(;iI./I\-, I n\JL I ll ,J(I I Lt(JP\JIt lrEl\\rIvlEIl/\J 
-
CTCTI npOBOAI'ITL OTAeJIbHO B CJIyqaflX' KOf/(a I'IX 3Haqerll{fl
npeBbrrxaror 0,5% or clralcrn.recKoro pacxoAa BoAoc6poca.
Ecnu nporern(rr MeHbIUe, T(r )tter' HX cfle/{yer [poBOAlITb
BMecre c /lpyrllMrr BI.IAaMI{ nOTel)b - $U.ntrpaIIHefi qepe3
CoopV)r(elll'1fl, yreql(aMI'{ qel)e3 3aI(pLITbIe IIanpaBJIfllOtUHe
anIIapaTLI ryp6Hl{ l.l r. n.
3-2. CnocoSH H3MepeHHf, pacxogoB
V,rer BoAr,r rrepe3 rrr^porexHHrrectcte coopyxeHl{fl B sa-
RIICI.IMOCTII ()1' I(OTTCTPYI(IIIITI COOPY}KCI{II'I, HAJI}IqI,I'I HJIH OT-
cyrcrrlr{fl coorDcrcrByloiltefl II3Mepl'ITeJIbIlol"I annhparypbl,
pelKrrMoB pa6oru coopyx{e. sHfl, Tpe6oBaHHii roqHocrH rl
[p)'rux $axropoB i\,Io;,I(er npfuoAIITbcH paBJIIIqHbIMI{ cnoco'
(lavnr. )iclonHo r{x Mo)r(uo pa3AeJIIITb I{a ABe rpyn'nbI. I( nep-
Bor? ornocrrrcfl re, IrpII l(oropbIX pacxoA, nponycl(aeMbIfi i{e-
pe3 rr.rApocoopy)rieFrr{e, HenocpcAcrBeHHo }l3Mepflercfl I(2I{lr;
Mrr-,nn6o rrpH6opaMII I.tJII.t ycrpoiicreaMll - pacxoAoMepaMH,
CTOI(OMCI)iIMll, Mel)llblMll RO/IOCJ|I{BaMH I'I T, n. i'
I(o Bropof,i I'l)5r1111s orltoctlrctl cnoco6bt, npll l(oropl,Ix
pacxoA BoAbl onpcAeJlflercfl rlo gl(cilJlyaralIHotIHItM xapaK-
reprrcrrrr(a M Ro/{or Ponycr(Horo rl{Apocoopyx(eHIIR Il3MeP,9S4l
nM .ntilrrr- ocTroRrfr:rx nAnaMcTnoR Da6OTbI rHJIDOCOODVXe'r-.__-_. .__-^r:,__:Ir. I
llf'Ifl - Hanopa I'I OTI(pbITI'Ifl 3aTBOpa.,. : , , ;,!i .i.1',.n,t
V.rer BoAr,I cnoco6aMLI ilepBoI:I rpynnbt c lroMolrtbto rlpni
6opon rrBflrrercfl, 6eayc.noBHo, 6o"nee yao6Huru no cpaBHq-
ltHto c yqeroM no xapal(repIrcrHI(aM. tr'lcno.[bgoBaI{He,aPTq'
7l
r"rlc lt r<g:lrflfuu.llcllr pacxojtir (ltpllllt{Maercfl nd AaIII'lbllvl
Irpoel(Til ) ; rtr - nfiOllla/I.b OTBepcTI'l fl, M2;
t{o--==H++,
fAc cro -- CI(OpOCl'I> nOAXO/I^a llOTOlia I( OTBepCTI'ltO' mi c.; Il-
lr,lltop Ita/[ tlcil'l'poM orl]e[)c'ilrfl, M.
JJnn orncpcrufi, pa6oraton(nx IJ (rcsuafioplloM pe]l(l'lMr),
Q :. nrb l/-ZgHtt' , (3-3)
f/lc tlt - - xoltfrrlrrrrlHelrr p:lcxo/ta npll c11060^HoM nepe.nllBc
(rrplrnnMzrc'r'or no /[0[urtrlM IIpoc]l(T'a) ; b "- Illttpl'l[la BoAo-
rrponycr(rroro orBepcrHrl R cBery, M; ll - [lanop fian nopo-
f0M Ilo/u)c.nt.tIJ2.r, M.
IracxoAubre x:rpar(repncrtll(lt BoAoc6pocIIblx orBepcrllll
ua Aei.iclnVrountx rrrApoy3JIax /loJl)t{tlLI (lt'ttl' yroqHerlbl Ha'
rypril,rMr{ r'n/ll)aBJlHrrcctfltMtr rtCllblTStlllnMtl l.lJtII nOA'fBep)l('
Aenbt orurtToM at(cnJlyaTaUt.tII. iJneceHlte irSMel{CllHft B pac'
xo/trrbrc Xitpar(Teprrcrtrrur nocJle I.tx yrottIIcIIHn MolKeT o6ot:'
lloBblllaTbCfl Il yTBepll(Aa'rbcfl ;lI(TOM.
Pacxo4ubte XapaKTepI.tcTLIKtt I(alx.i1oro oTtlepCTIrfl coopy'
)KetII{ff I't.rApOy3 ila H.nH rp}nIIbI OAI{oTnnI{blX oTBepCTHff [oJl-
)l{HbI 6ltt't, tlocrpoetlu B BIIAe rpa(bul(oll I{ Ta6nnu t{ cHa6'
IU
(3-l )
(3-2)

--- PAGE BREAK ---

T\,t fl TI{ qecril{ x n p I{ 6opoB c. IIol(a 3l'IR a IOUII'I M, i] a n Hclil Ra IolJll4M,
rr HTcrp tl p )' rorl{r.r r\,{ ycTp oiicTR a M tr n03BOJI fl eT yt1 plTblBdTb cToli
c r,rrrHr.rMa.nbllor? 3aTparoll rpy1a o6c.ny>t<IlBaIOlr1eTO nepco-
trn,rr;1. I Ir 6lrlc lrl)lt6opon, f rri\,rcl'trnoln.nx lttlexntl 1f'tllf cTol{,
Ir(r.l\lo)tiltit ;ltr't'r}r\4n'nltutltlnt llr'ililtf\ltllf ltll6lf l'l'l ll(},r|'(llll,(}lly(:l('
V.rer cror(a trepe3 rtrApocoopy)l(el{}le
Hr{3OBa rr B pycJle Hl{}KHero 6r'erpa HJI!4
B CTBOp() rll/tpocoopyx{elll{ fl .
MO>Ker 6uft opra-
HenocpeAcTBeHHo
A
T_
a) 14srutepet{nfl tr pyc,ne Iil'l}l{Hcno 6le(la
C Tornut 3pet{Hg rttApoMeTp}{qecKI'IX II3MepeHHfi HaII6o-
Jree yAo6rra rat(afl I(oMnoHoBI(a rI{Apoy3JIa, I(orAa c6poc
BO/l.bl qepe:] Ro/tonponycl(Hble oTBepCTI'Ifl nOcrynaer B oT-
71enr,nrtii I(a I{aJI Lt,ilH pyCJIO, tle cMeIIII'lRa flcb C pacxo/toM
Typ6llt, ll t'roM C.11ytl2g r{3MepellHtl B I(n tIa.nc I{.rI'I pyc./re
o6ecneqar I{aAe)I{-HbIIl }/'{er crol{a qepes rl{npocoopy)l<eH}Ie'
PHc. 3-1. JIorot< flapnta.nla.
-l - nprexltrrfi paerpy6; 2 - toP'
Jronnr.ra; 3 - ornorqlqHtl pacrpyd:
4 - ornepcrrre. nerylllee K l(onot(-
rly caMonllcrl,l ,I(In ll3MepellIla
yponrrn BoAr'r lr ncpxtteM 6r'e0c;
5 - orneDcrue ,t(nfl r3Mefrelttrfl
ypoBlttl BoAl'l n tllfxlleM 6r,erfre
npw 3aronnenlloM pexl{Me pa-
6orrr.
OpratlH:lztuttl Y'IC'ra Bo/tbl HlrlKe coopyll(el{Htl IIII'lpol(o
npar(rrrr(ye.rcn B Hppr{rauHoHHbIX cHcreMax. Paccuorpuu
Her(oropbre npr.rT\{eHfleMbre B Hppr.rra[(IIoHHofi cHcreMe cnoco-
6n. Oun Moryr ycneruHo npI,IMeHrrr:cfl I{a gHeprerl'lqecl(Hx
o6r'errax, HalrpnMep Ha ren,IloBblx I{ aroMI'tblx 3JIeI(TpocraH-
rlHflx nl)rr yrreTe c6pocHttx Bo/l xt.IMHtrecl(oro uexa, c I{oH-
AerrcaropoB ryp6Hr{, Bo,[, r{cno.rlb3yeMblx Ailrt rltApo3oJ[o'
y/Ia.neHr.rfl T.r r. rr., HA fH/l.Poener(TpocraHIrI{sx oHH MOFyr nplr-
Mel{rrrbcrr npH onpe^eJfeHllH pa3JIHqHbIx norepb, nporeqeK
rr rp.
Jl,nn r{BMepeuHrr paexo/{oB Bo/(rI I{a l(aI{aflax ttacro t{c'
no,/rbs yrorcrr r.r3 Me p t.rreJrbH bre Bo/{o Mep H ble JroTI(I{ THnon fl a p -
IIr a,r.ra, flpqena, CAI-II4I4PVL, rpanelletu(aJlllHotl (loprurr,r
(grue. 3-l -3-3). R rr3Meprrr€Jlbt{btx Jlort(ax Ba crter eyx(e-
lrrrg nonepeqHoro cerreHr.rfl KaFrafia H3MeHfieTCfl ypoBeHb Bo-
72
A
I
Ithi; rrgMeperlncM irepett Afr,a tlAXO.{l.lTeH paIXod., frpbXoAritr1fifl
:ttoirl,lt*oilt'n,,.,,,,,, rr.)oxo/r,rrrrrii no ,norr(v fIaprrrfl,rr.tIn npl{
ltt.)nilNr' (:ltn(i(|,l,llol'n lltl'l(tll$llllll, l(tll',llll tttlXllllllllfr'l'('tl (l'l'tl().'
,ntrercfl RbIp 3 )l(elIl'leM
Q *= 0,37?L lo t'ln \n'" \0;0s/ '
(3-4)
rAc /r - I ,569 llQ,oza' II " 
- na'
flop rra/l noporoM rla paccrofl-
Ht4H ,r'ltL or BXoAa B ropJro-
BHHy.
llpn saronilerrrroM rrcreqe-
HHrr npH I7rr1l'1">0,7 Dacxol
BOAbr yMeilburaeTcrr Ha sr{a-
qeHHe q, KoTopoe Hax0Ar4t-crr
nu cJIo)KIIOf{ oMntIpHtIecKoIl Pnc. 3-2. 4ot9{ flpuena (anH'
saBrrcnMocrr.r. Ann .tunaupt- T,.1H" ,*r7'8t- ffiry"";"j;rrbrx rtrrroB JIo'rKoB naprraJIJIa rlii,Eho "' 1.c nponycl<uoii cnoco6uocrblo "ttraRc'
Ao 7 M3/c rrMerorcfl ra6nurrbr,
Kolopble no3BoJIrrtor onpeAeJrffTb pacxoA 6es KaKI.rx-Jlr{60
pacqeToB.
PacxoA BoAbr qepe3 Jroror( f puesa nprr cBo6oAHorra Hcre-
qeHHr{ onpeAeJrfl e'rcfl Bbrp a}KeHrreM
Q:2,14 bHt,56, (3-5)
l'lprr 3zrT'onJrcnnoM nc'r'crreur,tlr, r(otna l{,,lll">0,1, pac-
xoA onpeAeJrfl ercfl r(a r(
Q:2,14o"s* Ht'55 , I
rAe orar - r<os$tpHIIHeHT SaronJIeHI'Ifl, onpeAeJlffeMhlfi no
SMnHpHqecr<oli3aBHcHMocrLr. " ,.
(3-6)
7a.
t.
PHc. 3-3. Bo4ouepnufi roror CAHHHPH.

--- PAGE BREAK ---

/--[nrr cla tiltap'rrti,ix rnrIOr] Jrorr(on !lpuena rriroriycxHori
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13o4onrcpsr,rrl TpaneueuAa.nuHnrfi Jroror( r.rcnoJrrrgycrcrr
)\Jtrr r"r3rvtclreril.trr pacxoAor] rrpl.rMepHo Ao 1,6 rrrs/c. cyurecr-
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il('rrbtc()t(il (1, fJt/u ) . I lil l'trl(l)o'J./tr't(,r,1)oc't.ailr(f rflx y,tc.r. BoAlrr
tlcpe3 IloAoc6pocHble coopyx{eHnfl c rroMorr[r:ro Jrorl(oB rre
npoBoAH'rcrr.
3ye'r'cfl 3a BTTcHMOCTb:
Q.. l/ zsIF;, (3-7)
rAC /1r - lliltloP FIa/( noporoM co cTol)ol{Iil B€pXIIerO 6r,c$a;
Hrr-'- tratrop llill( fioporoM co cToporrbr rnf )t{trero 6rrecp B; n7.'-
Iro34)4)HUltcll'l' saJro)t(cltltrr o,t.t(oc ai bn -- llJil4tta nop ot,Lti p -
rJbrcoTa nopora.
vqer BoAbr ua rrrApocoopylr{eHrrrx rHApoeJrer(rpocraHunrl
rrar't'tznI,r f'AI^Il.4IArJ l,4 tr.rrr rrn rr-n^^mnr'. nA"nh'r^- E6r",,,,,^,Ivf r\vtYr \/I\IrIrIll fl lI(tlvt rr\- IIrfDt_Ltgn, (rLfiuCtnd}l tIVl/lY.|1iHd
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'tclltlc It:lMcl)flcMol'o p?lcxo/tit, tlo3Mo)l(ttoC'l't, II3MepeHllfi
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l);"tcxo/{ o't' t'tUtpoco{)p})l{sl111vr trocrynaer B orAeJIbHtrii r(a-
Ita.n.
I-lprr N,raJrbrx pacxorax, Ao 0,5 u3,/c, B r"rpprrrauHoHblblx
cllcTei\,lax IIpl.lN,rcIIflloTcrr l\,nfl yrtera cTor{a I(oHI{rlect(H cxo-
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lroro, ilpflMOyr'oJtbtroro, KpyrJroro certerrHfl; ocHoBr{afl rl)op-
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Q _ p.olfffi,
fAe pr -- r(o30cFlrulrenr pacxo/{il; 0) - BblxoAHoe ceqeHHe Ha-
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IIr{)KrJeM 6r,ccf ax. ToqHocrr
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f( ir l\.1I.t l ltt'f, .
flpucranrll MOryr BbInoJIHRTbCfl KpyrJloro lr npnMo'
yro,nr;Horo ceqeilnfl, 3HaqeHne HgMepfleMOfO paCXO[a'npHI{-
uHnr.raJrbl{o He orpal{HqeHO' npaKTHqgCI} HSMepReMbIe' npH-
cTaBI(aMH pacxo/(bl cocraBJl"iot or 0,05 Ao 2.0 r"r3/c (rnno-i
Bbre r(oHcrpyl(qHiil, tou"ocrb HsMepeHufi *40/o'
Prt<:. 3-7. Bo.qouePttan npll-
crInKn.
/- nnHCrsBKal 2- soAouepnoe or'
----------l - -^rr
BefrCTt{e; ,, - CTBOp Hsilel'exxtr r; rvl-
xofi or6opa AaBreunt.
Pnc. 3-5. BoaoMeprroe coopyx(e-
Hr{e c r(orrHqecr(H cxoArulHMcfi
HaCA/IKOI't.
Puc. 3-6. Tpy6uarr,rfi Bo^oMep
c cyx(aroulnM KoJrbrIeBbtM ycrpoir-
CTBOM.
Ann orpeAeleHr.tfl pacxo/{a or6upaeruofi BoAbr (HanpH-
Mep, r{3 r(aHaJra, BoAoxpaHr.rJrHrrla H T. n.) BoAoBbrnycI(H Mo-
ryr o6opyAoBarbcn craHAaprHbrMH rpy6varbrMr{ Bo/IoMepa-
un. I4sMepr{reilr,t{o€ ycrpor:icrBo npe/IcraB.nrer co6or? cyil(e-
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cyil{CIlllI{, H:tXoAtlT pacXoA; 3an}'CIIMOCTb nepenaAa IaIlJIe-
HHfl OT pa cXoAa ililrt I(aX(/{O|O THna BOAOMOpa flB.,'Ifl€TCfr
NOCTONHHOI? RCJII.IIII{HOI?. TPV6UATbIMI{ BOAOMCPAMI.I MO}I{HO
I,I3M€prrrrr pacxoAbr ;lo l,l-2,2 rnrs/c c norpeulHocrblo
3- 4olo.
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craBr(r{ (prre. 3-7).
PacxoA Bo,rrbr BoAoMepHofi nprcraBr(r.r onpeAeJrnercq 3a-
BtrcrrMocrbro arraJrorr{rrr{o (3-l), n r(oropofi p- r(o3$0r"rrtH-
eur pacxoAa npr.rcraBKH (rpytl'raroro BonoMepa); nflo-
ulalb ceqeHr.rfl npHcTaBr(H; e -- flepenaA xaBJrer{Hg Mex(Ay
BepxHHM 6i,e(lovr H BoAoMepHbIM ceqeHr.reM,
IE
/Inn tr3MepeHt{fl rpaH3}lTrlbIX pacxOAoB B sKcnJlyaTflIlH:
oHI.Iofl{rIIApoMeTpllHIIoJtytll4ylllpacnpocTpaI{eHHeBoAocJr}I.'
Bbr pa3JII.IqHOfo BIIIa: rpaneueHAaJlbHble, TpeyroJlbHble' flPO:
r^ rr rrr rA /nrtn ?-R\
llUlrtlllUlI.lr,lDllI)ru \yrru' v v |'' 
IlpH cBo6oAHoM HcreqeHr{H paclo{.qepe3 rpaneueKn.ailb'
Hbrr? BoAocJIHB onpeAeJlqercn no (3-3), rAe b - AnuPta ilo-r
pora. C nououlbro rpaneUeHAaJIbHoro BoAocJIHBa H3MepffIOT'
a) 6) 0)
Puc. 3-8. Mepltr,tc RoAocJlHBLt
r, - Tpnneqennaat,ltt,tfi; 6- TpeyroJll'rlbrll; a - nponoputlollaltHUfr'
Dacxo1 l-2 u3/c, Ho Bo3MoxHo I{3MepeHHe pacxo1a B I(a-'
itun. H .ll,o 5-6 na3/c c roqHocrblo 3-40/s.
PacxoA BoAbr rpeyroJrbHoro BoAOCJII{Ba OnpeAeJIneTCff rIO'
$opuy,ne - D j_a,^ 
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a-MHslzi ' : i rjr ,l,,ti (3-8)
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--- PAGE BREAK ---

6) tr{rr',repcurf fl R cTRo[re rtrnpocoopy]t(ertnfi
B ttacrottittee BpcMn npoMbIIItJIeilltoc'r't)to ue Bbtnycl(ator-
cff roToBbIe Bo/r.oMepbr, cnellr.raJrr,Ho npeIlra3I{arrer{Hble lIJrff
H3MApcrilrrr pilcxf)/tc)n t,f ytlglil cTot(n Bo/trrr iln t1()/(oc6poctrbrx
coopylr(eHr'rflx rHApoueKTpo,Jranullfi, a HMeroilIHecff KoHcr-
MeHrI'rcJIblro r( crrelttr(lltrlcctfltM ycJroliltflrvt p;r60ru.
y.Ier BoAIrr ocyrrrecrBJrrrercn To,,rrbr(o no 3r(cfiJryarauHoH-
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78
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--- PAGE BREAK ---

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--- PAGE BREAK ---

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83, '

--- PAGE BREAK ---

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86

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--- PAGE BREAK ---

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--- PAGE BREAK ---

KpeMeHrryrcKan f 3C
IJa rl'rlpos.neKrpocrarlu)nt ycraHoBJreHo l2 xo,vnreKToB pacxoAoMe-
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rilr BO3^yxa nojl Jrl)oncllb no--
ALr; 4 - BO3Ayrllllo-noAtltoll
rrJilt npyx(Hltttt'tft ulttolteTp.
l(liCC.'l-6,tttc-rctt, tls'uepetlttfi pacxoAoB AocraroqHO'Bblco-
Ka, ,lraIIptrMep, no/lctlI{TaHO, (lTO HaTypHbIe H3MepeHHfl HA
unAo.nrine Airerr,po,nclioii f3C r.rMe.Ist B. 14. .IIeuH'Ha. npPI pe-
)l(r.tMe CeO6OTXTIOI'O IIepe,[]lBa ll]'le16r TOIIIIOCTb l,l7 olo'
(r) C tt rlco 6 I(oHTpoJI b l-IOro o'r B e p cr ll tl
ts ilpatirtrr(e rapilpoBarrrIfl orBcpcrrlii BOAOC6poCHbIX
Coopy>l<egufi qacTo BcrpeqaIoTcfl cJlytlaH' Kc)rAa llenocpeA-
cTBer{rrbte 3aMepbt pacxO/\oB IIo pflify Ilprltlllll rlpe3BbltlafiHo
3a'rpy,{tllettbt: 6i,nr'Urr'rC CI(OpocTll TCrlellHu I{ C6OiillOCTb IIO-
't'()r{zt, iJlliltttl'l'cJlbllilll llal'l)tlllllctllloc'l'h cl'or cJIO}l(llocTL ycTa-
n(Jrlrlt lt3M(:l)tt'rCJtLlIoii ittlra l)a'l'yl)1,1, o'rcyTcTllHe, YAo6rloro
c'r'l]Opa )\Jtn trovtcpcttt.lii lJ ,,,,rt.""* 6l,cr[lc- It /t,p' (pHC' 5-B)'
B uiHx cJlyqaRX IIpHMeI.IHM ctloco6 otlpeAeJlenufi pacxoAa
qepe3 COOpylKeHHe Cnoco6oM KOHTpoJIbI-loro OTBepcrHn
[Sj flprrrriin sroro cnoco6a 3at(rloqaerctl B crleAyloueM:
ecrrr{ n3Becrel{ pacxoA Bo/{bi' npoxoAfiiiief,i '{eq:i--?AFIo
orBepcnre (norrrponutoe)' rI sroMy pacxo{Y ::o11t:t:Byer
".,roioptrii 
ypgBer{b BoAbt B pycJle,'ro Mox(Ho noAooparb
raKoe orr{pr:rt1.tr€ Apyroro otu"lrat*o (ricnuryeMolo)' npH
r{oropoM IIOCJIe 3aI(pbITlIfi I{OI{Tl)oJlbllofo oTBepcTI{n ypo-
lJOIltr BO,l-[irl I] pyCJlC lle I'I3MellItTCtt; B STOM CJtytlX" paCXOA
ItO/lbt, rrpoxolr.fiulrlr'r qepe3 ]lCnbITblBaeMoe O'rBepcTHe' 6ylet
paBer{ pacxo/I,y, I(oropbIfi npoxoArlJl paHee qepe3 KOHrpoJIb-
rroe OTBepcrHe.
l,tQI au
'i

--- PAGE BREAK ---

typ6rrlrur lfJ,
Ka Qrrp:
rr ito4oc6pocbr XQ", paurrt,rM pAexo/{y nphro-
Qnp: XQ. + XQ". (5- 19)
OArra rr:l ryp6 urr rrr/lpooJt crirpocra rrunH n r,16np aercfl
B Kar-recrRe rapHpyrorqefr. flpr.r proM pe)r(HMe rapHpyroru.arr
ruAporyporrrra Hecer noJrlyro r.rJrr,r Onusrcylo r( nonnofi Ha-
rpy3r(y, nporrycr(afl pacxo/t Qr, 3arBop HCcJreAyeMoro BoAo-
Puc. 5-9. Cxcrtra rr{Apoy3Jra.
./ - uccreAyerurrfi no4oc6poc; 2 - gAalrtr€ rHApo3neKrpocranqltH: 3 - xotttpolt'ltulfi
BoAoMepllr,rfi nocr.
2. Vueusruaercfl pacxoA BoAbI qepe3 rapHpytoillyn
rHApoTyp6Hny ao Qr, crIrITHeM c Hee qacrH sJ[el(TpHqecKoli
rrarpySr(H Lr oAl{oBpeMeHrro orl(pblBaeTcfl t-IccreAyeMblfi BO-
nnc6nnn u2 .r"etrnA rlrr{nr-rrt,re u.ro6r-r cvMManwhlti nAexon"^^-r -J -^--- -r^----- r -------
qepes rHApoy3eJr rre H3MeHHJlcfi. TorAa pacxoA i,IcciieAye-
Mofo BoAocopoca 6yaer paBel{ pa3l{ocrH pacxo/loB TapH-
ntrlorrrefi rtrrn)o'rvnfilrur.r no A nocJlc LIgMeueII!.ttt Dell(HMa ee
t/Jlvr.r{vrl"^JYv.rrrgr.\vIJ-------.-
pa6orbr:
l1 r\ /1
vur:vrr-vrr. (5-20)
Ha 
'sie 
BpeMfl HcnblraHHfi ocraJlbllble BoAoc6pocbl I{
iyp6rnrr:r, rlxo.n.rrrr1ue B cocTaB rHnpoygila, HJrvt He pa6orarcr
150
If rilrdltl
a)
Q*=Q*o-(x+
oxl
Qer Qsz Qat Q*0n 0xt 4xz
l)HC. 5-10. cxeua rapHpoBaHHrr cnoco60tut KoHTponbHoro oTBepcTHf,.'...
o - nocneAoBar c.,-Ir>tlocrtr onepaqrdl. .!PI- -Hclg1"-ttntlti--6.*-.l3j.Trol"1",-*^1P^111*JJ;
C'I''|KO KOtlTpOJlbllofo OTnepCTIIfl lHMeeTctl llePsA ]lLrrDr r quncM, r e - |,qL^vArrq'r
xapaKrepHcTHKfl HellbiTi'i8aeMoiO O'rEepCTHfi' :
'l5l
Kdttrutotnmf
om0sttmat
fdpalJaeilo€
omf iicmua
Qro I
\J
/lep0o- _
HEIIT.N6HhIU
!EXTF
f pa,Yail
-E lsxar \\-
4at=0
4st=4xffrt
Qaz=Qxd-4xz
I:'!
,ttrlrxua St I lfiu=1xr$*t"fl I
+
lo
TJ
f,xll
IIxl
Etz
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--- PAGE BREAK ---

pacxoAoR, r(oropbre npoxo/rrrJrrr qepes rr{Aporyp6nny npnnepBorraqa/rbrloM pe)r(HMe vr B HacrofluIIrti uou-eHr. "
flocn,:lyrorr(r{e onepailH'r ilo nepepactrpe/renerr'ro pac-xo/1oR Bo,'lbI npoRo/lttrctl alrafiorr{qrIo onrrcaHIIbrM, BnJrorrrt\o rrcno.ryb:.]ouatrrrfl nonlrofi nponver<trort enoco6rrocrr{ Bo/t,o-
npr.rMeT Rr{/i:
-r'() J)c)r(r{Ma ypa Rrletrl,Ie
Q",,-,:Qr,-Qr,,
Cnqsb MelitAy^ ph^cxo4hivrrr H lponhnivru g crE0pe HsMd.
perrHfl yponHefi Q:f (//) npeAnoJraraercrr HeuspreHHofi Ha
BCe BpeMrr npoBeAerrHrr rapnpoB a[vfl, Bo4oc6pocs; xoTfl;
cTpofo roBopfl' ol{a MO}l(eT IICCI(OJIbKO HSMeHfTbCff, TeM
(5-2t)
Paexo;t Ro^r,r qepe3 ryp6rrrry Molr(ro onpeAe"rrHTb pas-
JIIITII{IIII\{II CNOCO6AUH: NO NEPENAAY AABJICI{I{,I B ABYX TO.I-Kax enHpa"rlr,Horl r{aMepbr, ecflrr paHee 6rrno npoBereHo eera pI{poBa IIIIe, no ar{cnJlyaTa rtr{ol-IilFrtM xa pa l(Tepr{crl{r(aM,no trMerorrlrrNrcfi pacxo^oMe prrrrrM ycrpofierBaM. ' 
tr{suepnnnprr r(Alr{/roM pc)rc{Me orr(l}rrrrrrc 3nrnopn no/toe6poca a.f l r)ll lr('Jt("tt"t"t ilo (lt 21) ;rl('3()/l tr'7r,r.61)()(.r, rtr.nyrrflct\,1 pnll'r'orrct( )L.ttsr ilOcrl)oerrrrrr xa pa r(,rcprrcrrrr(r{ Ro/(oe6pirca.rJ^ -'r r\.,i,r-v'r('ril'd)r J)acxorIIa fi xa pa ltrepIIcrIII(a oITHCbIR2€T
pa6ory noloc6poca npH o/(rroM nocrorrrrroM rranope, r(oTo-puri 6ttn Bo BpeMs l{cnLITaI{r{rr. I-Ipone4n aHaJrorr{rlH6r€IICnLITaHrrfl go/ioc6poca r,rq .r(pyfrrx HanopoB, BoSMOlr{HorroJrlrtJll'pt'' ceprrro noAo6ur,rx . paexoAr{brx xapar(TepHerl,rK,
oxBarbrBaroruHx Becb /tr{anaBor{ rone6annfi padoueroHanopa.
R xore r{cnbrrallrrfi, riar( y)r(e roRopr{;toeF,, B pyc.rre BeeBpeMfr /(o,[)r(eFr coxpaHrrl,crr Her,rSMenrrHr? pe]Kr{M Bo/toror{a,cooTBeTernl'nu1nft nepBor{aqaflr)HoMy. KpurepHena HeH3Mer{-rroeTn pell(HMa Bo/{ororia 6yler nB,rrRTben nocronrrcrRoypoBrrrr Ro,r.l,r R pye.ne, I,nfl Ha6nlo/teliltrr 3a r(oropbIM r.re/{a_JIer(o or c'rBopa rnrpoy3,rra o6opvttyererr cne[r{a,rbrrbrrlBo./IOMep rr t,lil noer,
Ifoanep]I(aHI'Ie nocrotFrlroro ypoBr{r ocyrllecrBJrflereff
c/retryrourrrM o6pasorvr. iloc"rye r(alKroro nepeBoAa rracrr.I
paexoAa e Typ6HHbr Ha noaoc6poe pelKr.rM nonyeKa BbrAep-
x{r'rBaererT }rer(oropoe BpeMrr, l.r eeJrr{ ypoBer{b Bo.4rt oTt(JIO_III'IJICfl or rrepBoHaqaJll'uoro. II3MerrfiIor oTr(pbITHe garBopa
noltoebpoca rf,rrr pacxolt ryp6rnru. r{neno rar(rrx no/{pery-
,rTrrpoBaulil"r 3aRrrctfr or onrilTlroerr{ 3l{enepHMerrraropa, Tpe-6onalmi'.r rorrrroe'rrr nenrepellrrii rr o6n'rrio rre npeBbrnraeT
3-4 pa3.
B c.lryry6s rre/rocTaTorn{oerr{ pacxo/(a, eHrrroro e orwofi
lvp6llnr,r niln rapr.rDoB awtrr nogoc6poea B npeleJrax erono.nsofi nponycru_ofi cnoeo6Hocrr,r, HcnoJrbgyroT Aqe H.ltr{
donrrue rr{npoTyp6Hu, floc.neroBarefibHo pasrllv)KarI ux,
t12
rrccJreAouarruii.
I4gueHeuue rpunoii pacxoAoB Mox(er 6urn cJreAcrBHeM
neycrofir{HBofo pycJr_a_ 3a cqer pasMbrBoB AHa U '6eperon
trrrr saHJrer{r.rfl ero. Flar.r6onee Hr{TeHcr,rBrro 9To rIpoHcioAHT
---^z^^
itpi4 iiauulli(ax ilJrK, Haooopor, npH HaHHHSIUHX paCXOAaX,
B APYTOC BPEMf I,I3MCHCHHC PYCJIA COBCPIUACTCfl MCAJIEHHO
H nJraBr{o. 3a neplroA HecKoJrbKlIX qacoB, B TerreFrHe KoTo-
pbrx nporrcxoAr.rr na6nloAerrrre sa ypoBHeM npu TapupoBa-
HHH, H3Mer{etrlreM {opn,Itr pycra Mo}I(r{o no MaJrocrrr npe-
Itc6;lc,l t,.
l'lnpyrncrrrrc rllrrut-ril q'-/(//) uosMO)ruro ns-gI rrsMono.
HHfl npoAoJrbHoro yKJroFIa noror(a npH HeycraHoBHBrrreMcfl
pe)I([IMe. Oco6errno flpr(o oro nporBJrrrercs npu 6ucrpux
noAbeMax H orrycr(alrHflx ypoBHrr Bo BpeMfl npoxox(AeHHn
naBoAr(oB. llonsnrrrorcs ABe BerBH xprEeolt pacxoAa: oAHa
cooTBercrByer noAbeMy, Apyrafl cIIaAy ropuSoHToB BOAITI.
fIpH rrepepacrpeAeJreHHflx pacxoAoB BoAbr Mex{Ay TapH-
pylotrtrrM ruApoarperaroM 14 no4oc6pocoM cyMMapnuft pac.
xol( rrepe3 cTBop rr.rApoysJra corJracHo MeToAHr(e HcnbrTa-
rrnii coxpaHrrercrr HeH3MeHHbrM. OAuaro B npoqecce
repeBoAoB pacxoAoB H nocJreAyrou{Hx noAperynupoeauufi
B pycJre Bo3Mox(eu HeycraHosHeuprficR peN(HM, a cJreAoBa-
'l'eJILllO, II3MCIICIIIIe IilpOAOJIlillOf0 y,l(JIO'tla InOTOI(a,H IIapy-
lilerrrre oAr{o3naqnocrr.r xpunor? Q:f W); a6co.nrorsoe 3rra-
rrer.u.le sToro rrapyueltr{n SaBncHT oT ltsMerreHr.lfl pacxoAa
B pycJre. O6rlrno r{eroqr.roe nepepacnpeAeJrerrue pacxoAoB
Mex{Ay ryp6r.rrroft r{ Bolr,oc6pocoM FreBeJrrrKo no orHorrreHHrc
r{ o6uleuy pacxoAy t4 Br,r3brBaer xo.ne6aHue ypoBHfl B npe-
AeJrax r{ecr(oJrbr{rrx caHTHMerpoB. fIpone4eHHbre npH gTHx
ycJroBHflx Mr{ororrHcJrer{Hbre rapHpoBKH no4oc6pocoB Ha
ta6Drtt rv Frt rnnrto rnv trn nRrtn hatltrrt Frt 6rr^F^6^-rraA rrnrrni"Jl
l.rcrL)rrrrr/\ | rr/.\lJ\JJ \).rrq.n flE \JvnGpJ..t\rrJIn I l,rLlEl_rsonr_(l nprID\Jrl
Q:f tl), no sceii Br.rAtrMocrn, BBHAy ero MaJroro sr{atreHurr,
nl,rxoARutero sa npe^eflbr rotrHocrH HgMepeHrrn ypoBHf, 'Ha
Bo/(oMeprroM nocTy. OAllaxo BosMox(Hocrb norpelrrnocTu'
pe3yJrbraroB TapupoBaHlrfl tr3-3a rncrepe3Hca xpunofi 'pac.
xoAoB pyc.na cJrelyer Bcer/(a HMeTb B BplAy. 1' ' :
B ar-raqr,rreJrbr{o 6o.nuruefi creneHu HgMeHeHHrr npoAons.
HOrO yr(Jror{a noror(a :uory'r npoucxoAnTb BeJreAcTB}ie ':n6pel i
Merl-rIO-f O nO/-(r-rOp a, Bbls bI B a eMOfO, H a n p H Mep,' p SCIIoJrolKBI{.:
lEt I

--- PAGE BREAK ---

l{trfr,t t{rr.}ke no fetlet{filo filAp6ssoplxteuiteM, xo.rye6aHHdMn
ypoBHfl r3 tsoAoeMe, KyAa BrraAaeT iloToK, IraBoAKoM Ha
npHror(e rrn)r(e crBopa rr r. rr, Iloaronay paclroJrararb soAo-
meprtr,ui iloc'r' B 3orre noAnopa ile cJreAyeT.
IIPltMeillrMn Ha fil/tll09Jrer(1'pocTatil(ilflx Bcex TltnoR, o/uraKo
6o.ltcc yltuora )\Jrn /(cpnr.!a[lrornn.,tx rn/tpoysJror]. IIo eroii
cxeMe r.rccJreAoBaJrurcb BoAonponycKHbre coopyx(eHHrr r{a
LIltpuHxcKoM, Opxnrtr.u{HA3eucr(HX,'farurcerrrcr(oM, Can,tap-
WAIJn n,IlT\rlf l.l rtn\LFrr\' rf t1\rf e) nqW nIr nnn 3 rr6.IZ'rnrr'n'T|gLfrIIIf I*rrqrrAvrrvtvr rl Ay J L ErA r\q\-r),qAqn | ,tAyvJ!r Lr\ r Hvu r q rrr+rlrr.
A.rrs pycJroBbrx rr{Apoy3JroB c bo.nrunrtr BoAoxpaI{HJrr.i-
ulent paepa6oraH MeroA rapr{pon aHHfl noaoc6pocoB nnApo-
typOnuofi c HcnonbsoBaHHeM no.resHofi eMKocrH BoAoxpa-
HHJrHrlla. Tapuponar{He npoBoAurcrr B raxofi nocJreAoBa-
rerlbHocrrr (pHc. 5-l I ):
1. t{epee crBop rHApoysJra nponycxaercfl nocroRssufi
pacxolt, rapupvloulag rnAporypbuua HeceT noJlHyto Ha'
rpysKy, nponycKafl pacxoA Qr,i 3arBop HccneAyeMoro
uo,4oc6poca 3aKpur. Il pycJle nu)t(e rn/tpoysJla ycralIaBJII4-
Baercfl HeHsnneHHufi pelxnM BoAoroKa, perHcrpupyeMblfi ua
BoAoMepHoM nocry B HH)KHeM 6recpe.
2. TapHpyrouraflrrrnAportp6nHa pasrpyx{aercfl- Ao Q"o,
a sarBop HccJreAyeMoro no4oc6poca oAHoBpeMeHHo orKpbl-
Baercfl c pacqeroM, qro6u cyMMapHbtrt pacxoA qepes crBop
ruApoy3Jra lte usMeHHJIcfl. CoxpaHeHne cyMMapHoro pacxo'
l\a ocyuecrljJItloT noApel'yJIllpoBaHHeM orKpbITHtI 3aTBO-
Sia BoAoc6poca LIJILT HanpaBflflourero annapara ryp6HHbI,
opHerrTlrpyrcb Ha ypoBeHb Bollbl IIa Bo/{oMepHoM nocTy,
TaK )Ke KaK onncbIBaJlocb BbtIrIe. PacxoA qepe3 soAoc6poc
npn 3roM 6yaer paBetl pacxoAy, ct{flroMy c ryp6Huu,
Qr,:= Qr, - Qt,'
3. Taprrpyrouarr rhAporyp6urra llarpylKaercn Ao Qr,, YB€'
JnfqprBar{ cyunaapuutfi pacxoA qepe3 rnApoysen Ha Q"r:Q",.
VpoeeHs BepxHero 6le$a npt4 H.Arrl<nla BoAo-xpaHHJtHuIa
/tocl'aroqrtofi cMl(ocrr.I notntgt{TcR MaJIo, STHM HSMeHeHHeM
Mox(Ho npelre6pevu nJrH BBecrH cooTBercrByloulue nottpaB-
Kr{ B pegynbrarbr usuepenHft aa cqer HaMeHeHHfl Hanopa
rra coopyx(crnre. B lrrlx(rteM 6uerlre ypoBeHb BaMerro noBbl-
clrrcr. Brrx/iaB ueo6xoAnMoe BpeMfi, noKa 'B pycJle ycra-
noBrtrcfl rrer{gMeunuf,l pex(HM BOAorot{a, yBeflHqeusuti
nporHB npex(Hero r{aQ", - Q"o,H yponenb cra6n.nHgnpyercn,
AeJraeTcfl oTcqeT efo Ha tsoAUMepHUM llosl'y.
I trJ
IvT
Soilocdtac
r<l
E
rl
ffi
=
p/r
orDcrrcrllfl,
PHc. 5- | l. Cxer'ra raptpolauttn cnoco6ou t<ourponbtloro'oraepcrrfi lrpfl
rranrrqfnr Bo,[oxpaunrtilttla 6ontwoft euKocrg. ,,i "
d - nocreAoBarerbxocrb onepaqnfi npn HcnblraFHHl' 6 :: pacxo.4naE' xqniry1gpry;
crxKa KonrpoJrbHoro orDepcrrs; a :- pacxo.(EaF xapakrepncrnKa trcnHrHqaeiioro
fudtamupfata
( ro mp otrttoa bm flaPtmaa)
ndVl-ttt tttil
Ita,\'lltl
tl0 r
d)

--- PAGE BREAK ---

4. Brrosr FnAporyp6urra pa 3rpylt{aeTcrr /to Qr., oArro-
B_peMer{Ho eute 6ontu.re orr(pbrBaercfl saTBop Bo,40c6poca.
Optrerlrl{pyflcr, y)Ke }ra lronuii vpoRerrrr Boflrrr rra Bo;1oMep-
rroM nocTy, coxparrrreM cyMMa plryrc ReJrr.rril{rry pacxo/{a
lltlolll.l nvilIoI'() r-rnlI{IrMt 11 rrrrf,r rr n\rrren rrnnvnrr rrl"rrrre..1. \-,\.--/ \ t.r..\2. ., | \.ilr y r(ru t/L.v/rv/\ rvlru\,
HCCJTL'/IyeMt,til rr()710e(lpoc yRe.nt{rilITcfl tra Q, ,, - Q.,n, ,1 c ytle-
TOM IIpeAbutyil{cro pacxoAa cocTaltr.rr
Qu, : (Qr, - Q,,) -l- (Qr. - Qr,) I't r. lt.
B o6qeu Br{Ae A.rrfl tl.-to pe}KrrMa pacxo4 no4oc6poca
onpeAenHTCfl:
Qnn:I(Qrr,,_, Q.r,,)
I
lln.ny'1c1rrroe ypaBrreHr.re npr.rMelrr{Mo r{ cnytl2tn raprrpo-
Battrn orncpcrllii rrr/Ipocoopyrrreruni, Ha npouycrcryro cno-
co6ttocrr r(oTopbrx He BJrr.rrreT r.rgMerreHr{e ypoBrrfl r,rr.r)r(Hero
6l'eclra. F.c,nrr or nofio)r(crnrrr rrn)t(rtcro 6r,erlra oaRrrcr.rr
l)acxo/[ BO,'1r3c6poca, r]Bo/Ifl'r'cl rtonpaBr{r.r, yqr{TbrRarourr,re
HgMeHer{rrfl r{ailopa Ha BoAoc6poce ttpr{ nepexoAe oT oArroro
pex(l{I\{a I( /tp}rroMy,
Merol rapr.rpoBaHr;rrr noAoc6poca rr.rAporyp6ullolt c Hc-
noJrb3oBaur.reM noneslloil eMr(ocrr.l BoAoxparIr.rJrr{ua peKo-
r{eH,r,}'ercrr ttpIIMe'r-rrITb, I{orAa npoftycKrlafl cnoco6,Hocrb
Bo/roc6poca rra Mrloro 6o"nr,ule nponycr<uofi cnoco6rrocrt{
Taplipyrouter? ryp6urrr,l; orna/Iaer neo6xoArrMocrrr nprr
Ta pilpoBa rilril o,(rroBpeMerrrro pa3f pylr(flTb rrccr(oJrr)r(o T)/p-
6lul, qro rre Bcer/{a BosMo)r(rro no }rcJroRrIrrM pa6oru arrep-
rocrrcTeMbr.
Ta pnpoBarrrre pasJn{rrrrr,rx Rorotrl)oilyct{rrr)rx coollyx<ellrrfi
c IICilo.nl,3oRal{lleM nonegttofi eMI(ocTr.I Ro/{oXpar{r.IJrr.Irrta
nponoArr"rrocb rra tlapnapnrrcr<oft, V.r-Kypra r{cr(ort I'3C tr
ro,rroBrroM ys,ne LluploprcKoro r(acr(a1ta rr{ApogJrer(Tpocrarr-
uttrl.
Do^-r"^-nttra nhrtlt^h F^hrrhnh^rrrrd rtn^F^ h rt6rrn^nn^
I cl\*\-tyt\_rt l/rrtvl rtlrl,rtyr\-1., rdl.rtlp\_rrtcltlIl.}t, t\Lri l.[6t fJ l\aygult]'g
IiottTpoJrbr{ofo oTBepcTr.rrI lrcno.rrbsyeTcrr oAr.r[r rr3 npoJreToB
Bo.toc,r trgrtorl nfi ortlHbI
I-Iporteec TaprrpoBarrnrr cocrorrr rrs pglta onepaqnfi no
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guopfri..nun itnnpoytru "innirr-deroHiraf, 
BoAocJlllBilaR nrlorlllla' npaBo-
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XIVII XII
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167

--- PAGE BREAK ---

boAocl*s,{un nrortina fiMeer aocer{t nponefon rirupHrioft rj c6ety
l3 u, neper(pbrBaeMr-rx nJrocKHrlnr 3arBopaMH, H ItanopoM IIa nopore npll
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3Aaurte rtfApo'JJreKTpocranuurr cour\tctqeuo c rtanopttbtMlt noAocSpocaMH;
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/ - ocrroarroll earsop; 2 -- perrortruttlt aarBop.
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50-200 tur'l c, naBoAorrrrbre pacxoAbr
a lrrrorAa Lr 6oree. .[,y6occapcKoe
1969 r. I.rMeer no.nuufi o6reir,r 372
209 unu. M3, npu3rrra cpa6orxu 3,8 M
r{oe H r{eAeJrbHoe peryJr}rpoBar{He cToKa.
B MelKerlHbrI"r rreplroA rHAposneKTpocraHuHn pa6oraer B nHI(oRoM
pe)rcrMe rrarpy3oK, Bo BpeMR naBoAr(oB - s 6aeHotoM. tr'{snuull<lt natto-
Aoquofo pacxoAa c6pacuoarorcn'repe3 noAocJtllBltyro nroTHHy.
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Bceilr rHapoarperaraN{ }ra 24 q HaxoArrrcq cpeArrecyrorlllafl Harpyot(a
r'r,'(pos.neKTpocrauuHrf. Hanop flo,ficrrHTrrrBaercn KaK cpe/lnee gnaqen]Ic
lu3 rrJecrH lrsuepeuuri ypoBHn Bepxnero II rtHlKHero 6uerlla; norepu na'
nopa Ha copoyAepx(HBarotur.rx peilerKax He yqHTbIBalorcfl. I-lo nonyueH-
ilbrM 3rraqeilrl'lM Hanopa fr HaFpy3r{lr, ilcnorb3yrr SaBo/IcKHe gKcnJlyaTa-
rlHonrrbre xapar(repucrHrc.r, onpeAeJrntor cpeAuecyroquuir pacxoA qepea
r'yp6rursr.
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npoAo"ii)fiirre.ribriocrlt pa6orr,i BoAocJriitriibix orrepcrHfi, licnoJIbayfi Ha-
rypnue pacxo^rbre xapar(TepLrcruKH. @u.ntrpaquollllufi pacxoA qepe3
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lrcrii rf ,{ortrh'br yrrHTbrBaetcn nocrornnl,tM 3ltaqeHHeM 2,0 us f c.
r r-,.-^.-rrPnrun r1 urlrupy rnl{PrjJ.rrrnrPUUrarlrr_\r'rl4 uillJ|;,r\l;Jrrrt:rurr lrtrPLt)}rdJrrrM
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a B orAeJrr)ril'rt ,.?;;; niui,6r.,,, loriycr<aelrbrc npH
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KM3, Meir(eHr.rble pacxorbl peKH
Aocrurarcr 2000-3000 Mt/c,
BOAOXpaHHaltue no npoMepaM
MJIH. M3 H noficsHufi o6r'eu
no3BoJrser o6ecne,Ittearb cyrorl-
60.rtttttte. nrr n ^ norDclllllocTtl, I(ol-upct rt '' :-
Annl{.cl(J]Io'IeHI,lfiAaItHofoBIIAanorpelllItocJJl'KoTopa'IB9aB}lcIt.
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Derrrrri pflexo/toB. ,.,r.rsr Ka,recrRil Vrteta (rHno pel"l.,[I..nnnanr'liefirrreronoRbl[Ielll|flI(a'IecTBilY.rera(lt*.nctpel(oMe}lAoEa^.
HonpoRecTllpa6clrr,rnovll;1ii;;;'"peryJ|?Ipyto''r.'no6terraaBotroxpa.
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no,r(br '3 nonoxpar'{Jlrf'la tir 
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--- PAGE BREAK ---

op]'x(ctrHflvn o6rrteii n.nnHoii 2744 ru o6palonatto Bor.oxpaHIIJIl{llr.e n0-
.reiuoii eruKocrbro 46, 45 ru3. Cpenrrrrit rrsoro.neruutt pacxott Aurapn
B crBope rr{rllo)r3Jra l9l5 iu3/c, _r,rtnrrMarbltblii 6asoBl'tr*r pacxog B Ha-
nlrraltnonrrr,rii ncplron 1500 u3le, n MeiKItaBttrattl{onnl'tii ilepHolt
1050 ul7c, ll lt/liltntn f3C Vrl'rllnon,rr('no no('(,t\,ilr l'lt/t,llorlt'l)nl'tt'foil, fvtotlt,-
roc'r'r,ro'lro 82.8 MRl nnlr Dnc,lc'r'rrclrrr nanot)e 26 r'l rt'pacxo/le 400 vs/c. gx xilllzlt(l.opuc'ilnct, 't'ilr( t(aK oIll 6t,t.lut lloc'rpocllt'I lln oL'tlotlRllllll lln-
6rnlr,r: 0,2o1, cror(a npHxoltnrc.fl nn
c6pocotl noAr,r trepel llo4oc6llocnt)te
(c 1972 r.) ue npou3Bo.[Ilrocb.
t\t rr\ttv lu t ,,1,,,,'J ."1,-.' . J l'
nporcqtct lr rltlt,rtrrpal(plto, xo'[ocrblx
coopyu(erutn yil(c n re?tctllte 8 .ner
Vqer BoAbr rrepe3 runporyp6Hlru npoBoAlrrcq IIo I(oJtt{qecrBy Bbl-
pa6orarrnoli 3.net(TpogrreprrrI{ c ncflo.rrrr3oBalIIteM xapaKTepIIcrltK rlrApo--
arperaron. nocT'poerrrrhrx ill'li414i lm o(:rioRaiiiin irarypiii,ix iiciii,irltiliifi
n 1960 n. /I.'ln roflc'rera pacxoAa t{cnoflb3yercn $oPMyJra
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" cp.cyT
rre .?"vr -- eyro'rrralr nlrrpa6cl'rl{A a,ner(T'poSrrcprtn{, t<R'r'tt: ft - rorrfrrfltt-
nrferrr. nprrrrrrl\.f aentrtii n 3aRI{etlMoerf{ oT I{arpv3KH, h:4,247ln'
flprr 1;tr l)v3r(;lx l'rfnl)11flr1)(.rn't'n |lt-.7f MBr tt 11,0,81a rtoltlltlrll-
t- r o l ------ ----^ 1E f,ll D - ., -^ ,A 9e', A -, On
Illl(]ltl' ll::1,6'1, III)ll llal-l)YJl(aX (lltl)lll.lg I i) Ivrt) | t1 Il:ttr()t, t ,L-Tt\)t',
Vcpe71lrelrnbre 3ltarrerrrrn I npr'rHr{Malorcn no HaTypnLIM xapaKTepH-
crttKaM l:f (tr).
Hanop lta fOC onpetrerflercrr no nor(aiarrIIlM aRToMarHqecKLIX
vpoBileMepor]. vcrauoBJleHHlilx B BepxHeM u IIH>KHeM dretfrax; norepl{
Hanopa Ha copoynepx(HBarorJlHx perrreTr(ax H3Mept{loTctt nepenaAaMPI.
Cuqrne noKa3ar{Hfi nepena4oMepoB npoBoll{Tcn otrItH pa3 R cyrKn.
AHa,[lre oKcnJryrauHoHHblx MarepHaJloR Ha6fiIoAeHHti 3a croKoM
noKa3brBael'. trro or{ ilpoBollHTctr Mero,l'(I.rqecKI.I npaBHJIbIIO, H3Mepl'lTe.nb-
Hr,re npx6opl,l Haxo/ltTcfl B trcnpaBHoM cocToFHl.lH.
B03Molt<rroerl, noflR,nenHrr 3aMerrrhrx cflcreMarl.ItreeKI{x otttll6ot<
R yqere paexora Bo/tbr qepe3 rrr/(poryp6Hrrhr B pesyJlbrare npn6opIII'tx
norpeurrocrer? H.rrt,r Mero/(rfKn ltrlrepetrufi HcK.nrorraerctI.
Ontronpe;r,terrHo yqer croKa BonbI npoBorttrcq Ha rlt/tpoMernocry
14pxvrcl<oro yf MC. l-H4povernoe'r pacnoJro)Kerr R pycJre IIH)totero
6uedra n6"ryN:ur rr.I/dpoys.na, rrt{)r(e rrt/tpoMcrnocra n Alrrapy Bnaraer
p. I4pwyr. FIa6nloaeilHe 3a ypoBneM npoBoAurcn no caMonl{e.tty <<Ba.n-
nait>, I.rMemtrieMy cyrounuii 3aBotr qacoBoro MexaIrHsMa. Jlenra caMo-
nricua crucrrrrercfl elKe,[HeBFro n 8.00 'r, a B 20.00 q Ha6rloAarereM
npoBo/turcfl xoHrpo.nrHuii oTcqer no Bo/roMepr{ofi perixe.
Cpe4HecyroqHoe 3HaqeHHe vpoBlrf, Haxonurcn KaK cpelHeapnQMe-
TuqecKoe Hg noqacoBbrx ypoBr-rei".r, cHRrbtx c Jrelrrsl caMonncua, KpoMe
TOrO, OTMeqAtOTerI 3a CyTKH Mat(Cr{MaJrbI{bIe U Mr{rrHMaJrbHbIe ypoBtln
ROArrr. E>relrrcnlrrile pacxoAhr Ro/Ihr onpeAeJnrorc.fl no cpe.[ltecyrotlltoMy
vrroBHro Ha Bo/loMeprroM rrocry no xpnnofi cRR3n ypoBeHr, : pacxo/(
Q:f @). I(pHean nocrpoeHa no MareplraJlaM HadrlloleHuft 3a nepnon
1974-1979 rr. r{ e}Kerorno no/lrBep}Knaercrr KoHTpoJrbHIiMH BeDTvuIeq-
IIbIMI{ t{3MepellIltlMH B pyCJte, IIpOBonHMIrIMIf COTpy/{llIfKaMI{ yl'MC.
V'rcr lro,r(r,r B crnope rn^poMernoern npono/(r'rrcn Mcro/trtrrecTor nl)n-
nt, nr-ttn trtrrrfinnrr ttavn nqilo D tt^nnnnttnrt nnntnqttf rttr,rrrfrrrrrr ttlttt\t\tltrrr tr<tA\r]\trrvtr rr frL-rrlrqrrrrlrrYr L\rLr\rrrrr.rfr.
14llenerruroHrrblMrf o6e"neronarrH rrMn, nf,oFerleHrrbrM H l-ocvnapcrnerr-
I,rr.)lM rHnpo,norrrqecKtrM ilHcrHTyToM, ortre,noM rr{/tpo.norfirr I'lpr<yrcl<ofi
fMO n pa6orntr(aMn l3C s 1970 n 1976 rr.,6n.rro ycrauoBJleHo, rrro
ttrtar bnnLt b ^-Fn h^ I,l^tr.r*^tr^."' Fa/^ h^^vAFrrF^d --trttohtt^ 
- 
,ro I n0/-
_Y-r!r DvADr L) \.r r)ul/E rtlrl\J tLn\rrr I u\', lroLn LrArr run lllrnrYrslrnu nq , 
" l?
170
r J yrrr,r^
cir. OAttano Ao 1tpoBeAeIIlltI noBTopl{blx grlepreTHtIecl(Hx ltcnbITallHH
(rur.l<l l)cuclt0 ttcrilJrbno ttl)ontlilJlll3llpoDarb Ucc ttMeloll(!lecn :tj-.-lltTi'
{t{ollHble Marepl'laJlbl no ytlery cror<h BoAbI lja fec u rHApoMernocry'
,rro6u BbIqBHTb Apyrue Bo3Moll(llble npuqnH-bl' npuBoAffUue K He6a'naH-
iV,.u rre roJIbKo r.t3-sa xapal(repncrula Typ6HH. VcneruHoe peueHne'3a-
t-r, r nrrzr?nrr-nc nr nonorocronltrHx Il . TDVILOeMKHX
l((l'llr llWatlt\rJrrlJlv r/lrl \/ I r\crrL' r uv'r I r' '
llCIIbITd l{I'l l{.
rlrpoBaTbcrt ila cTol( rlepe3 rllApo3nel(TpocralIuHIo'

--- PAGE BREAK ---

CNNCOK NHT EPATYPbI
l. BaururcrrcxHi.i A. I'., [lIrelrrr L,. Il. Orrr,r'r uor]r,rueuun etp{rcxr}lu'
uocrr{ sKonnyaraqHrr rHApo3neKrpocra,ullHii. - M.: Snept'nn, 1978. -
93 c.
2. Bua.u.ucaaBJreB JI. A. Bo4ouepr! runa BO roucrpyKuHLI OP|POC
Anfr rn.qporyp6nrr, 3arBopoB ruAporexHlrqecKux coopyx<errHft, 3aroopoB
t{ 3aABH}KeK rranoprrbrx rpy6onpoBoAoB. - t!1.: SnepnrR, 1968. - 40 e.
3. Bonoxon B. A. Onurr lrcrroJrb3on aHiltT paArioaKTHBIrbrx H3oronou
AJttr rr3Mepeunfl pacxoAoB RoAbr B rrailopnoM 'rpy6onporloAe rnApogaet(-
Tpocrattt{Hu. - - I'unporexut{qecKoe cI'po}t'l'eJlbcrBo, 1965, JVg 9, c. 38-39.
4. Bopo6r,cn A. C. I laryprrr,re rccJrenonanHr ul)onyc'ctoii cnoco6-
llocTtl Bo/l(r(:61)(-)Coll XlrLllpay l'3C, --- I'lr/tllo l'exllllrlcct(()c c'l'pOtl'f eJIl,C'flJ(),
IOrlfl h0. Q ,. .r'l Ari
,.trtvl dIf, (rr t. 'lr, "r.l'
5. Ilopo6r'er n. C., Cepxou li. C. I Iaryprr;re Hcrrbrraulrl no onpe-
AeJteIIItIo 'nporycKllori cnoco6HocrH rrrAporexlrlrqecKtrx coopy)I(ennfi c'no-
co6on Kourl)o.nbrroro orBepcrl.rn (O6aop).-M.: 14rrrpoprr,tanepro, 1973.--
60 c.
ti. I-anpnnon A. M, Ocrrostr y,rela cToKa [ra rHApogneKTpocra]r-
qnflx. - Jl.: frupouereoH3Aar, 1965. - 419 c.
7. HHcrpyKtUrfl no yrrery croKa BoAbr Ha ruApogneKrpocraHunrlx.-
11.: CIIH'IIl OP|POC, 1975.- l6 c.
8. Kpeunencruft n. n. PacxoAoruepur rr cqerrrun(H KoJurqecrBa. -
JI.: MaruuHocrpoeHue, ,1975, - l6 c.
9. Merolu'Iecxue yralalvn rflo npoBeAenHro gKcnflyaTaIrHoHI{brx
oneplerHr{ecr(Hx Hc'rrbrrar{Hft ru,n'poarperaroB I-3C. -- M.: CnO Coros-
rexaHepro, 1977. -56 c.
10. Mel<gyuapoAHr,rfi roA HarypHbrx'npueMo-cAaroqnbrx ncnurannii
rHApaonuuecKttx typ6uH. PexoueHAaUr{rr MAK, fly6ilurauHn Nb 41.-
JI.: Kotrrurer no yqacruto CCCP B MelKAyHapoArrbrx erreprerurrecKl{x
o6r'e4HtreuHflx, 1966. - 108 c.
I l. MeroAnxa y'Iera croKa BoAbl lla I'HApo9flel(TpocraHqHflx. -
M.: CIII{TI4 OP|POC, 1974.-42 c.
12- HacTannenne rHApoMereoponorHrrecKnM cranr(r{rrM v nocraM,
orrn. 6, qacrb II. - M.: f*r.qpoMereonsAar, 1972.*264 c,
13. OcHonHHe norolr(eHnfl no yqery croKa BoAbr Ha rnApoaflexlpu-
qecKHx craHUHRx.-M.: CUHTH OP|POC, 1972.-7 c.
14. Oqrosut BoAHoro 3aKoHoAareflbcr'Ba Cotoea CCP n corosHbrx
pecny6nur. - tl r(H.: Hosoe B BoArroM 3aKoHoAareJrbcrBe. - M.: IOpH-
Au,recKarI Jn.rrcparypa, 1972. 69*93.
15. Oovapon E,. 8., [IlorrrHron B. M. Aerol{atH3auHn yqera BoAr,t
rra opoclrrcJrrrrrrrrx cncrcMax. - M.: I(o;roc, 1972. - 94 c.
16. [IpanHra- re-x'nt!.rec,roi.i ar(cnnya-Ta4tlfi aJ!e!(Tplrrrec!(Hx cra!!qHfi
N ce'reft. H3A. l3-e.-M.:3neprnn, 1977,-288 c.
'17. floloxesne o rocyAapcTBeHHorvt yqere BoA u Hx Hcrroflb3oBa-
nrrn. -M.: frlpor'rereonaAar, 1975. -7 c.
ItL
18. Cepxon B. C. Srcnny^araUHn cosl,4elllepttblx rilApo3JieItTp6CfAli-
uHfi.: M.: SrrePrHn,- 1968' - 226 c'
lg. cepxon'8. c., nopo6r,eu A. c. conpeMeHHoe cocrotlHile yqera
cTol(a llo,[bl Ila rH^pognel(TpocTAIIIIHaX II 3aAaqH nO efo COBepUIeHCTBo-
nanllo.-'fpy,u'r,r lV ucecbtosttoro rllApoJlorntlecKoro ctegAa' 1976'
T. ll, c. 185-190. .. ,------ rr Lr AnnnnonAilup n'onvcrttofi cno-
fln tr^6rr^n l{ I. lrilHrIIlK(]llt df . lr. vrrl'vAvv'vr"'v --r -
ZU' vui;nwir i;' -'irt 
aratlHollltblx ycJtoBHnx
co6ttocrlt Bo/locJll'tBIlbl'..< o'rncpcrHfi B IKcnJIyl
nr,e3oMerp,r',.",ir-*'l'int"oo" (d;;ili' -_ M'.- citilrn oPrPDc' lg72'-
C., fYPr,cn A. [I., 6nt'l'lnKon JI' H'
pocou rt,4poJotnrpocrallunll'-M':
cocrofllII{fl rHApoycralloBl(li' - M':
auHtl rllApocHJIOBbtx ]cT?HOBOK'-
lHKaTOpllble MCTOAI'l HCCJIeAoBaIllttl
tlrnlurparlllrr B rrr/lporexlltt'tecl(llx ccopy)lcenttnx'-M': SnepnuR' 1965'--
115 c.
2!--r. rlcplrnrlril u, A. ArrttaFarypa /t,11 Jl3Mepclllln xapaKreDltcrrlK
Il()Altot.o ||(),1.()|(il lIll' l.||/:tl),0,:).1|cI(1.1)0c,TL\|lllIl'|x || ec :,KcnJ|yi|.[nl(It'I...* M,:
I'ocarreP'or|,j[tJ'rll"ili.-i,l|nl;.r,p*r.r'r{r{pore.\rrrrrccr.r\ coopv>xcttrtli rl
rrApoMaulrllI. - M.: foceHeproll3Aar' 1957' - .'2J5 c'
-27. excnnyarauun r.r*poungfQi,i"tiuu"nil l-loa o6ru' peA' B' C' Celt-
*oni - Itt.t 3ireprrrn, 1977' ._ 303 c'

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